Transient loss of Polycomb components induces an epigenetic cancer fate.

Although cancer initiation and progression are generally associated with the accumulation of somatic mutations1,2, substantial epigenomic alterations underlie many aspects of tumorigenesis and cancer susceptibility3-6, suggesting that genetic mechanisms might not be the only drivers of malignant transformation7. However, whether purely non-genetic mechanisms are sufficient to initiate tumorigenesis irrespective of mutations has been unknown. Here, we show that a transient perturbation of transcriptional silencing mediated by Polycomb group proteins is sufficient to induce an irreversible switch to a cancer cell fate in Drosophila. This is linked to the irreversible derepression of genes that can drive tumorigenesis, including members of the JAK-STAT signalling pathway and zfh1, the fly homologue of the ZEB1 oncogene, whose aberrant activation is required for Polycomb perturbation-induced tumorigenesis. These data show that a reversible depletion of Polycomb proteins can induce cancer in the absence of driver mutations, suggesting that tumours can emerge through epigenetic dysregulation leading to inheritance of altered cell fates.

High prevalence of microplastics in the digestive tract of Scyliorhinus canicula (Linneaus, 1758) shows the species biomonitoring potential.

Plastic pollution is widespread in oceans and the ingestion of plastic by marine organisms is causing concern about potential adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to analyze the different types of plastics in the digestive tract of female small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). An alkaline digestion method using 10 % potassium hydroxide (KOH), was used. The samples were filtered and visually observed to classify the plastics according to size, shape, and color. Raman spectroscopy was further employed to identify the polymer types. The study found the presence of plastics in 89.5 % of the 200 females analyzed, including 10 polymers, with polystyrene (PS), polyamide-6 (PA6), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and silicone rubber (SR) being the most common. The polymers identified largely reflect the results of similar studies in the marine environment and were similar to global polymer diversity of microplastics, which highlights the potential of S. canicula females for biomonitoring microplastic pollution.

The KNee OsteoArthritis Prediction (KNOAP2020) challenge: An image analysis challenge to predict incident symptomatic radiographic knee osteoarthritis from MRI and X-ray images.

OBJECTIVES: The KNee OsteoArthritis Prediction (KNOAP2020) challenge was organized to objectively compare methods for the prediction of incident symptomatic radiographic knee osteoarthritis within 78 months on a test set with blinded ground truth. DESIGN: The challenge participants were free to use any available data sources to train their models. A test set of 423 knees from the Prevention of Knee Osteoarthritis in Overweight Females (PROOF) study consisting of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray image data along with clinical risk factors at baseline was made available to all challenge participants. The ground truth outcomes, i.e., which knees developed incident symptomatic radiographic knee osteoarthritis (according to the combined ACR criteria) within 78 months, were not provided to the participants. To assess the performance of the submitted models, we used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROCAUC) and balanced accuracy (BACC). RESULTS: Seven teams submitted 23 entries in total. A majority of the algorithms were trained on data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. The model with the highest ROCAUC (0.64 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57-0.70)) used deep learning to extract information from X-ray images combined with clinical variables. The model with the highest BACC (0.59 (95% CI: 0.52-0.65)) ensembled three different models that used automatically extracted X-ray and MRI features along with clinical variables. CONCLUSION: The KNOAP2020 challenge established a benchmark for predicting incident symptomatic radiographic knee osteoarthritis. Accurate prediction of incident symptomatic radiographic knee osteoarthritis is a complex and still unsolved problem requiring additional investigation.

Plastisphere on microplastics: In situ assays in an estuarine environment.

In this study, the influence of the plastisphere on metals accumulation and weathering processes of polystyrene (PSMPs) and nylon microplastics (NyMPs) in polluted waters during a 129 day-assay were studied. MPs were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, contact angle, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Also Cr, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu in the plastisphere on MPs were analyzed during the assay. Potentially pathogenic Vibrio, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas spp. were abundant in both MPs. Ascomycota fungi (Phona s.l., Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp., and Cladosporium sp.), and yeast, were also identified. NyMPs and PSMPs exhibited a decrease in the contact angle and increased their weights. SEM/EDX showed weathering signs, like surface cracks and pits, and leaching TiO2 pigments from NyMPs after 42 days. XRD displayed a notorious decrease in NyMPs crystallinity, which could alter its interaction with external contaminants. Heavy metal accumulation on the plastisphere formed on each type of MPs increased over the exposure time. After 129 days of immersion, metals concentrations in the plastisphere on MPs were in the following order Cr ˃ Mn ˃ Zn ˃ Cu ˃ Pb ˃ Cd, demonstrating how the biofilm facilitates metal mobilization. The results of this study lead to a better understanding of the impact of marine plastic debris as vectors of pathogens and heavy metals in coastal environments.

Preoperative detection and evaluation of the need for psychological intervention in cancer and non-cancer patients referred to thoracic surgery / Detección y evaluación de la necesidad de atención psicológica preoperatoria en pacientes oncológicos y no oncológicos derivados a cirugía torácica

Objectives (a) to evaluate and compare the psychological treatment needs of patients with cancer and non-cancer, who are going to undergo scheduled thoracic surgery, and (b) evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of the screening tests of psychological treatment needs for cancer and non-cancer patients. Method The need for psychological treatment was evaluated in a total of 169 patients prior to thoracic surgery, through a clinical interview. The screening tests used were: the physician's judgment (yes/no), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and, the single-item interview to assess depression “Do you feel depressed?” (DEPQ). Results The number of patients who needed psychological treatment in the total sample was 47 (27.81%), in non-cancer-patients: 22 (30.99%) and in cancer patients: 25 (25.51%). The participants with treatment needs were more often young women with primary education levels, with more fears and concerns regarding their disease. With respect to the screening tests, the HADS-T (cut-off point ≥13) obtained a sensitivity (SE) of 0.75 and Specificity (SP) of 0.81 in the total sample. In patients with cancer, the HADS total score (cut-off point ≥10) obtained an SE=0.84 and SP=0.80, and, in non-cancer patients, the HADS total score (cut-off point ≥13) showed an SE=0.59 and SP=0.84. The DEPQ and the physician's judgment did not achieve adequate levels of precision. Conclusions A high percentage of patients have psychological treatment needs before performing thoracic surgery, which are similar for cancer and non-cancer patients. Preoperative detection of patients who need psychological intervention is feasible with a simple screening test: HADS, which achieves greater precision in cancer patients (AU)

Objetivos Evaluar y comparar: a) las necesidades de tratamiento psicológico de pacientes con cáncer y sin cáncer, que van a someterse a una cirugía torácica programada, y b) la precisión diagnóstica de las pruebas de detección de necesidades psicológicas para pacientes con y sin cáncer. Métodos Se evaluó la necesidad de tratamiento psicológico en un total de 169 pacientes antes de la cirugía torácica, a través de una entrevista clínica. Las pruebas de cribado fueron: el criterio médico (sí/no), la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HADS) y la entrevista de un solo ítem de depresión «¿Se siente deprimido?» (DEPQ). Resultados El número de pacientes que necesitaron tratamiento psicológico fue en el total 47 (27,81%), en pacientes sin cáncer: 22 (30,99%) y con cáncer: 25 (25,51%). Las participantes con necesidades de tratamiento eran con mayor frecuencia mujeres jóvenes con niveles de educación primaria y más temores con respecto a su enfermedad. Con respecto a las pruebas de detección, el HADS total (corte ≥ 13) obtuvo una sensibilidad (S)=0,75/especificidad (E)=0,81 en la muestra total. En pacientes con cáncer el HADS total (corte ≥ 10): S=0,84/E=0,80 y en pacientes sin cáncer, la HADS total (corte ≥ 13): S=0,59/E=0,84. DEPQ y juicio médico obtuvieron bajos niveles de precisión. Conclusiones Un alto porcentaje de pacientes antes de realizar una cirugía torácica tiene necesidades de tratamiento psicológico, similares para pacientes con y sin cáncer. La HADS total es un buen método de cribado de necesidades psicológicas, especialmente en pacientes con cáncer (AU)

Severe COVID-19 patients have severe vitamin D deficiency in Northeast Mexico / Los pacientes graves con COVID-19 tienen deficiencia grave de vitamina D en el noreste de México

Objective: the association between vitamin D and COVID-19 severity is not consistent. We compared prevalences and analyzed the association between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity in Northeast Mexico. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study with individuals consecutively included at a referral diagnostic center during March-September 2020 (n = 181). Concurrently, every patient admitted to intensive care was also consecutively included (n = 116). Serum 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL was considered vitamin D deficiency. Descriptive, ANOVA, and multivariate ordinal regression analyses were performed. Results: vitamin D deficiency prevalence was 63.8 % (95 % CI, 54.7, 72.0) in severe COVID-19; 25.6 % (95 % CI, 17.4, 36.0) in mild COVID-19; and 42.4 % (95 % CI, 33.2, 52.3) in non-diseased individuals. Vitamin D deficiency increased 5 times the odds of severe COVID-19 (95 % CI, 1.1, 24.3), independently of sex, age, body mass index, and inflammatory markers. Conclusions: this study is the first report of vitamin D deficiency in Northeast Mexico. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with COVID-19 severity (AU)

Objetivo: la asociación entre la vitamina D y la gravedad de la COVID-19 no es consistente. Se comparó la prevalencia y se analizó la asociación de la deficiencia de vitamina D con la gravedad de los pacientes con COVID-19 en el noreste de México. Métodos: este fue un estudio transversal. Se incluyó consecutivamente a individuos de un centro de diagnóstico de referencia durante marzo-septiembre de 2020 (n = 181). Paralelamente, se reclutó a todos los pacientes que ingresaron a cuidados intensivos en ese mismo periodo (n = 116). Se consideró que había deficiencia de vitamina D ante cifras de 25(OH)D sérica < 20 ng/ml. Se realizaron un análisis descriptivo, un ANOVA y una regresión ordinal multivariante. Resultados: la prevalencia de la deficiencia de vitamina D fue del 63,8 % (IC del 95 %: 54,7; 72,0) en la COVID-19 grave, del 25,6 % (IC del 95 %: 17,4; 36,0) en la COVID-19 leve y del 42,4 % (IC del 95 %: 33,2; 52,3) sin COVID-19. La deficiencia aumentó 5 veces las probabilidades de una COVID-19 grave (IC del 95 %: 1,1; 23,9) independientemente del sexo, la edad, el índice de masa corporal y los marcadores inflamatorios. Conclusiones: este estudio es el primer informe de la deficiencia de vitamina D en el noreste de México. La deficiencia de vitamina D se asoció con la gravedad de la COVID-19 (AU)

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with minimal extrathyroidal extension. Is its course so indolent that it requires a less aggressive treatment?

BACKGROUND: Although the incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has increased in recent decades, the role played by minimal extrathyroidal extension (mETE) in the prognosis of PTMC is still unclear. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors associated with PTMC with mETE and its long-term prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on patients with a histological diagnosis of PTMC. We excluded patients who had previously undergone thyroid surgery, those who had other synchronous malignancies, those with an ectopic location of the PTMC, and those lost to follow-up within two years. We compared group 1 (PTMC without extrathyroidal extension) to group 2 (PTMC with mETE) and performed a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: We observed PTMC with mETE in 11.2% (n = 18) of patients. On the multivariate analysis, mETE was associated with an age ≥45 years (OR: 4.383; 95% CI: 1.051-18.283, p = .043), tumor size ≥8 mm (OR: 5.913; 95% CI: 1.795-19.481; p = .003), bilaterality (OR: 4.430; 95% CI: 1.294-15.173; p = .018) and metastatic lymph nodes (OR: 12.588; 95% CI: 2.919-54.280; p = .001). Over the mean follow-up period of 119.8 ±â€¯65 months, one case of recurrence was detected in group 2 (0% vs. 5.6%; p = .112). No patients died of the disease. Disease-free survival was lower in group 2 (124.9 ±â€¯5.6 vs. 97.4 ±â€¯10.3 months; p = .034). CONCLUSIONS: The mETE of PTMC is a factor of worse prognosis associated with the presence of metastatic lymph nodes and a lower rate of disease-free survival.

Microcarcinoma papilar de tiroides con extensión extratiroidea mínima. ¿Tiene un curso tan indolente para precisar un tratamiento menos intensivo? / Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with minimal extrathyroidal extension. Is its course so indolent that it requires a less aggressive treatment?

Introducción Aunque el microcarcinoma papilar de tiroides (MCPT) ha sufrido un incremento en la incidencia en las últimas décadas, todavía no está claro qué papel desempeña la extensión extratiroidea mínima (EETm) en su pronóstico. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los factores asociados al MCPT con EETm y su pronóstico a largo plazo. Material y métodos Estudio retrospectivo cuya población a estudio la constituyen los pacientes con diagnóstico histológico de MCPT. Se excluye a los pacientes con: cirugía tiroidea previa, otras enfermedades malignas sincrónicas, localización ectópica del MCPT o pérdida durante el seguimiento antes de los 2 años. Se comparan 2grupos: grupo 1 (MCPT sin extensión extratiroidea) y grupo 2 (MCPT con EETm). Se realiza un análisis multivariante. Resultados El 11,2% (n = 18) de los pacientes presentaron MCPT con EETm. En el análisis multivariante, la EETm se asoció con la edad ≥ 45 años (OR: 4,383; IC del 95%: 1,051-18,283; p = 0,043), el tamaño tumoral ≥ 8mm (OR: 5,913; IC del 95%; 1,795-19,481; p = 0,003), la bilateralidad (OR: 4,430, IC del 95%; 1,294-15,173; p = 0,018) y las adenopatías metastásicas (OR: 12,588; IC del 95%; 2,919-54,280; p = 0,001). Durante un seguimiento medio de 119,8 ± 65 meses, una recurrencia fue detectada en el grupo 2 (0% vs. 5,6%; p = 0,112). Ningún paciente falleció debido a la enfermedad. La supervivencia libre de enfermedad fue menor en el grupo 2 (124,9 ± 5,6 vs. 97,4 ± 10,3 meses; p = 0,034). Conclusión La EETm del MCPT es un factor de peor pronóstico, asociada a la presencia de adenopatías metastásicas y a una menor supervivencia libre de enfermedad (AU)

Background Although the incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has increased in recent decades, the role played by minimal extrathyroidal extension (mETE) in the prognosis of PTMC is still unclear. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors associated with PTMC with mETE and its long-term prognosis. Material and methods We conducted a retrospective study on patients with a histological diagnosis of PTMC. We excluded patients who had previously undergone thyroid surgery, those who had other synchronous malignancies, those with an ectopic location of the PTMC, and those lost to follow-up within 2years. We compared group 1 (PTMC without extrathyroidal extension) to group 2 (PTMC with mETE) and performed a multivariate analysis. Results We observed PTMC with mETE in 11.2% (n=18) of patients. On the multivariate analysis, mETE was associated with age ≥45 years (OR: 4.383; 95% CI: 1.051-18.283, p = .043), tumor size ≥8mm (OR: 5.913; 95% CL: 1.795-19.481; p = .003), bilaterality (OR: 4.430; 95% CI: 1.294-15.173; p = .018) and metastatic lymph nodes (OR: 12.588; 95% CI: 2.919-54.280; p = .001). During a mean follow-up of 119.8±65 months, one recurrence was detected in group 2 (0% vs. 5.6%; p = .112). No patients died of the disease. Disease-free survival was lower in group 2 (124.9±5.6 vs. 97.4±10.3 months; p = .034). Conclusions The mETE of PTMC is a factor of worse prognosis associated with the presence of metastatic lymph nodes and a lower rate of disease-free survival (AU)

[Endovascular treatment of intracranial venous sinus stenosis in intracranial hypertension: three case reports and a discussion of the literature]. / Tratamiento endovascular de la estenosis de los senos venosos intracraneales en la hipertensión intracraneal: descripción de tres casos y discusión de la bibliografía.

INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is an entity with an incidence of approximately 1.2: 100,000 inhabitants/year. It affects in a greater proportion obese women and women of childbearing age. Headache is the most characteristic symptom, followed by visual disturbances. In recent years, the diagnosis of dural sinus stenosis has increased in cases of intracranial hypertension resistant to conventional treatment. For this reason, the development of endovascular therapy as a therapeutic option in selected patients is booming. CASE REPORTS: We present three cases of intracranial hypertension secondary to dural sinus stenosis, diagnosed and treated in our hospital. Despite the establishment of adequate diuretic treatment and the performance of invasive procedures to bypass the cerebrospinal fluid, they persisted with neurological symptoms and visual deficits. After verifying that they fulfilled the requirements described in the literature, they underwent intracranial stenting, with satisfactory results in all of them, achieving the disappearance of the headache and recovery of visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Stenting of dural sinus stenosis as a cause of intracranial hypertension is an increasingly used technique, which has presented favorable results. Studies are necessary to know its long-term impact.

TITLE: Tratamiento endovascular de la estenosis de los senos venosos intracraneales en la hipertensión intracraneal: descripción de tres casos y discusión de la bibliografía.Introducción. La hipertensión intracraneal idiopática es una entidad con una incidencia anual aproximada de 1,2 por cada 100.000 habitantes. Afecta en mayor proporción a mujeres obesas y en edad fértil. La cefalea es el síntoma más característico, seguido de las alteraciones visuales. En los últimos años, se ha incrementado el diagnóstico de la estenosis de los senos durales en los casos de hipertensión intracraneal resistentes al tratamiento convencional. Por ello, se encuentra en auge el desarrollo de la terapia endovascular como opción terapéutica en pacientes seleccionados. Casos clínicos. Se presentan tres casos de hipertensión intracraneal secundaria a estenosis de los senos durales, diagnosticados y tratados en nuestro hospital. A pesar de la instauración del adecuado tratamiento diurético y de la realización de procedimientos invasivos de derivación del líquido cefalorraquídeo, persistían la clínica neurológica y el déficit visual. Tras comprobar que cumplían los requisitos descritos en la bibliografía, se sometieron a la implantación de stent intracraneal (stenting), con resultado satisfactorio en todos ellos, logrando la desaparición de la cefalea y la recuperación de la agudeza visual. Conclusión. El stenting de la estenosis de los senos durales como causa de hipertensión intracraneal es una técnica cada vez más utilizada que ha presentado resultados favorables. Es necesaria la realización de estudios para conocer su impacto a largo plazo.

Opinions, Attitudes, and Perceptions in Relation to Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation in the Undiagnosed Spanish Male Population. Results of the PANDORA Project.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 43% of Spanish men report experiencing premature ejaculation (PE) at some point in their lives and 12.1% suffer from erectile dysfunction (ED), of whom only 16.5% have seen a doctor. Despite this, ED and PE remain undiagnosed among a supposedly healthy segment of the population. AIM: To assess the general knowledge of a representative population of healthy Spanish males of the symptoms, treatment, and expectations related to ED and PE. METHODS: This was a descriptive study based on an online questionnaire in which 2,515 males aged 25-75 years with no history of ED and/or PE presented their perception of aspects related to symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and expectations in ED and PE. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The study provided an evaluation of the knowledge, attitude, and underdiagnosis of ED and/or PE in healthy males and the approach taken by urology specialists and other disciplines. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 2,515 healthy males, including over 80% of those who had completed secondary or higher education. 60% of the sample had never seen a urologist and 59% and 62% of the participating men responded correctly to the statements about PE and ED, respectively. Their lack of knowledge of the therapeutic alternatives was clear (74% and 76% of the panel were unaware of the existence of effective treatments for ED and PE, respectively). Despite the initiative shown by some participants in seeking information about each condition (10.3% for ED; 16.7% for PE), only 4.7% of them had been questioned about ED by a medical practitioner (1.9% for PE). The underdiagnosis rate stood at 3.5% for ED (5.6% participants >65 years) and at about 10% for PE. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These results will represent a point of departure for establishing some recommendations to improve the detection and treatment of these disorders. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS: This is the first study of its kind in Spain to analyze the underdiagnosis of ED and/or PE inferred from data reported by a population of healthy males. Screening for ED was performed with a validated questionnaire. However, the rest of the research was conducted using adaptations of validated questionnaires or a self-designed questionnaire based on and in consultation with a group of experienced andrologists. CONCLUSION: People need to have greater knowledge of both the conditions and the related false myths to make sure that they are familiar with the existence of drug treatments and socio-sanitary interventions. Primary care physicians and urologists should also be more proactive in routine visits in order to achieve better management of ED and PE. Prieto-Castro R, Puigvert-Martínez AM, Artigas-Feliu R, et al. Opinions, Attitudes, and Perceptions in Relation to Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation in the Undiagnosed Spanish Male Population. Results of the PANDORA Project. J Sex Med 2020;17:1495-1508.

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with minimal extrathyroidal extension. Has it so indolent course to require a less aggressive treatment? / Microcarcinoma papilar de tiroides con extensión extratiroidea mínima. ¿Tiene un curso tan indolente para precisar un tratamiento menos intensivo?

BACKGROUND: Although the incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has increased in recent decades, the role played by minimal extrathyroidal extension (mETE) in the prognosis of PTMC is still unclear. The aim of this study is to analyse the factors associated with PTMC and mETE and the long-term prognosis of PTMC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study with a population consisting of patients with a histological diagnosis of PTMC. We excluded patients who had previously undergone thyroid surgery, those who had other synchronous malignancies, those with an ectopic location of the PTMC and those lost to follow-up within 2years. We compared group 1 (PTMC without extrathyroidal extension) versus group 2 (PTMC with mETE) and performed a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: We observed PTMC with mETE in 11.2% (n=18) of the patients. In the multivariate analysis, mETE was associated with an age ≥45 years (OR, 4.383; 95% CI 1.051-18.283, p=.043), a tumour size ≥8mm (OR, 5.913; 95% CI 1.795-19.481; p=.003), bilaterality (OR, 4.430; 95% CI 1.294-15.173; p=.018) and metastatic lymph nodes (OR, 12.588; 95% CI 2.919-54.280; p=.001). During a mean follow-up of 119.8±65 months, one recurrence was detected in group 2 (0% vs. 5.6%; p=.112), but none of the patients died due to the disease. Disease-free survival was lower in group 2 (124.9±5.6 vs. 97.4±10.3 months; p=.034). CONCLUSIONS: The mETE of MCPT is a factor of worse prognosis, associated with the presence of metastatic lymph nodes and lower disease-free survival.

Widespread activation of developmental gene expression characterized by PRC1-dependent chromatin looping.

Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 have been historically described as transcriptional repressors, but recent reports suggest that PRC1 might also support activation, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that stage-specific PRC1 binding at a subset of active promoters and enhancers during Drosophila development coincides with the formation of three-dimensional (3D) loops, an increase in expression during development and repression in PRC1 mutants. Dissection of the dachshund locus indicates that PRC1-anchored loops are versatile architectural platforms that persist when surrounding genes are transcriptionally active and fine-tune their expression. The analysis of RING1B binding profiles and 3D contacts during neural differentiation in mice suggests that this role is conserved in mammals.

Exercise and glucose control in children with insulin resistance: prevalence of non-responders.

BACKGROUND: Exercise training improves cardiometabolic outcomes in 'mean terms', but little information is available in children about the impact of the frequency/week and the wide inter-individual variability to exercise training reported in adults. OBJECTIVES: We compared the effects of resistance training (RT) and high-intensity interval training (HIT), and 'high' and 'low' frequency of training/week, for their effectiveness in decreasing insulin resistance (IR) levels in schoolchildren. A second aim was to decscribe and compare the prevalence of non-responders (NRs) between the different frequencies of training protocol. METHODS: Fifty-three schoolchildren with IR were randomly assigned into four groups: RT at high frequency (three times/week), HIT at high frequency, RT at a low frequency (two times/week) and HIT at low frequency. The intervention lasted 6 weeks. Blood samples and body composition, blood pressure and performance measurements were taken before and after the intervention. RESULTS: The prevalence of NRs was similar between the RTHF and HITHF (25.0% vs. 25.0%, P > 0.05) and RTLF and HITLF groups (20.0% vs. 46.6%, P = 0.174) for decreasing homeostasis model assessment of IR. However, significant differences in the prevalence of NRs were detected between RTHF and HITHF groups in fasting glucose (FGL) (18.7% vs. 58.3%, P < 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: Both RT and HIT improves the glucose control parameters in schoolchildren over 6 weeks, but only HIT is independent of a high or low frequency of training/week. The prevalence of NRs is similar for decreasing homeostasis model assessment of IR comparing each exercise mode in high vs. low frequency/week. However, both high- and low-frequency RT and HIT results in differences in the prevalence of NRs for FGL and other cardiometabolic and performance outcomes.

Corrigendum to "Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Deep Brain Stimulation in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Performance in Evaluation Tests for Executive Brain Functions".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2017/9641392.].

Silastic band erosion in the bypassed stomach after Fobi-Pouch operation for obesity: Case report.

INTRODUCTION: Worldwide, one of the most commonly performed bariatric surgeries is the laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGP). Access to the bypassed stomach in patients who have undergone this procedure, for evaluation and/or management in different clinical situations remains a challenge for the physician. In order to facilitate the entrance to the gastric remnant, a silastic marker is left in place during the Fobi-Pouch operation, a modified laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery technique. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present the case of a 56-year old female who presented 10 years after a Fobi-pouch operation, complaining of severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding. An enteroscopy revealed several marginal ulcers and erosion of the silastic ring marker in the excluded stomach. A partial gastric sleeve resection including the silastic ring was performed without any complications, preventing further bleeding due to the eroded ring. DISCUSSION: Physicians must be familiarized with the different bariatric procedures in order to associate the patient's symptomatology and possible surgery-related complications. Gastric ulceration and bleeding related to the presence of a foreign body have been previously described; however, to the best of our knowledge this is the first article reporting the concomitant erosion and bleeding of the silastic marker in the excluded stomach. CONCLUSION: Silastic marker erosion in the bypassed stomach is a rare but possible complication not reported in the literature before. Different approaches for this complication are possible including laparoscopic management, with excellent results.