A Scoping Review of Vitamin D for Nonskeletal Health: A Framework for Evidence-based Clinical Practice.

BACKGROUND: Low serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are prevalent worldwide. Although the benefits of vitamin D supplementation have focused on skeletal disorders (eg, rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis), emerging evidence for nonskeletal health merits further discussion. PURPOSE: The purpose of this review was to critically examine the vitamin D supplementation literature pertaining to nonskeletal health to help guide clinicians. METHODS: A scoping review that included observational studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was performed. Evidence from meta-analyses and individual RCTs are discussed, and controversies and future directions are considered. FINDINGS: 25(OH)D deficiency is a ubiquitous condition associated with multiple nonskeletal diseases, including cardiometabolic (heart disease, diabetes, and kidney disease), immune (HIV/AIDS and cancer), lung (from traditional chronic disorders to coronavirus disease 2019), and gut diseases. Vitamin D deficiency also affects health across the life span (children, pregnant, and elderly), mental illness, and reproduction in both men and women. In contrast, vitamin D supplementation does not necessarily improve major medical outcomes, even when low 25(OH)D levels are treated. Screening for 25(OH)D status remains an important practice, primarily for high-risk patients (eg, elderly, women with osteoporosis, people with low exposure to sunlight). It is reasonable to supplement with vitamin D to treat 25(OH)D deficiency, such that if beneficial nonskeletal health occurs, this may be considered as a coadjutant instead of the central tenet of the disease. Furthermore, optimizing dosing regimens is an important clinical consideration. IMPLICATIONS: Although 25(OH)D deficiency is prevalent in nonskeletal diseases, there is no uniform evidence that vitamin D supplementation improves major medical outcomes, even when low 25(OH)D levels are corrected. Findings from RCTs warrant caution due to possible selection bias. Overall, vitamin D supplementation must be guided by circulating levels as a reasonable medical practice to correct 25(OH)D deficiency.

Antifungal activity of essential oils and their combinations against storage fungi.

We aimed to evaluate the fungicidal activity of essential oils (EOs) from Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae), Baccharis uncinella (Asteraceae), Mentha arvensis (Lamiaceae), Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae), Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae), and Cymbopogon nardus (Poaceae) in the in vitro control of mycotoxin-producing strains of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nomius, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium graminearum. EOs' chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and a total of 19, 21, 18, 20, 17, and 15 compounds were identified in B. dracunculifolia, B. uncinella, S. officinalis, M. arvensis, M. alternifolia, and C. nardus EOs, respectively. Contact and volatilization bioassays were performed, for which M. alternifolia and C. nardus EOs had the greatest fungicidal effect (> 90%). Therefore, these EOs were evaluated for minimum inhibitory concentration, medium inhibitory concentration, and sporulation. Effects from the combined use of EOs were also evaluated. EOs interacted in combination, displaying an additive effect against F. graminearum and A. flavus and an antagonistic effect against the remaining isolates. We conclude that C. nardus EO was effective in the control of storage pathogens and that combined EOs can improve their antifungal effects.

Prevalence of bovine Babesia spp., Anaplasma marginale, and their co-infections in Latin America: Systematic review-meta-analysis.

Bovine parasitic sadness, comprised of the diseases babesiosis and anaplasmosis, has a large impact on cattle farming in several countries, as it compromises animal productivity. Using systematic review (SR)-meta-analysis (MA) methodology, our objective was to summarize and to investigate study characteristics associated with prevalence of Babesia spp. and Anaplasma marginale infection in Latin American cattle herds. Five electronic databases were used. The inclusion criteria were studies that assessed the prevalence of Babesia spp. and A. marginale in cattle in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Colombia, and Mexico. The reported prevalences were converted to logistic scale and summarized using random effects MA. The heterogeneity was assessed, separately, for papers from Brazil and from the remaining countries. A total of 28 papers were included in this MA with a high heterogeneity (I2 > 95%). The prevalences of A. marginale, Babesia spp., and their co-infections, in Latin America, were 48.9% (95% CI: 30.3-67.8%), 39.8% (95% CI: 24.6-57.2%), and 26.1% (95% CI: 9.1-55.8%), respectively. The prevalence of A. marginale was higher due to the high prevalence of this agent in Mexico (67.1%). In Brazil, the prevalence was 36.6% for A. marginale, 62.6% for Babesia spp., and 8.2% for their co-infections. The North region of Brazil was reported with the highest prevalence for A. marginale (71.9%), while for Babesia spp., the prevalence was considerably divergent between regions, with the highest values also observed in the North region (97.4%), and the lowest in the South region (9.5%). For studies of Babesia spp. in cattle in Latin America, the heterogeneity was mainly explained by the diagnostic method (98.0%), and country (54.8%). When looking at Brazil alone, a similar pattern was observed, but with lower values (i.e., diagnostic method, 31.5%; region, 25.3%; and climate, 12,4%). The evaluated regions presented different levels of prevalence infections, with most of them being classified as high degree of enzootic instability, which can predispose to the occurrence of outbreaks.

Synergistic use of glycomics and single-molecule molecular inversion probes for identification of congenital disorders of glycosylation type-1.

Congenital disorders of glycosylation type 1 (CDG-I) comprise a group of 27 genetic defects with heterogeneous multisystem phenotype, mostly presenting with nonspecific neurological symptoms. The biochemical hallmark of CDG-I is a partial absence of complete N-glycans on transferrin. However, recent findings of a diagnostic N-tetrasaccharide for ALG1-CDG and increased high-mannose N-glycans for a few other CDG suggested the potential of glycan structural analysis for CDG-I gene discovery. We analyzed the relative abundance of total plasma N-glycans by high resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in a large cohort of 111 CDG-I patients with known (n = 75) or unsolved (n = 36) genetic cause. We designed single-molecule molecular inversion probes (smMIPs) for sequencing of CDG-I candidate genes on the basis of specific N-glycan signatures. Glycomics profiling in patients with known defects revealed novel features such as the N-tetrasaccharide in ALG2-CDG patients and a novel fucosylated N-pentasaccharide as specific glycomarker for ALG1-CDG. Moreover, group-specific high-mannose N-glycan signatures were found in ALG3-, ALG9-, ALG11-, ALG12-, RFT1-, SRD5A3-, DOLK-, DPM1-, DPM3-, MPDU1-, ALG13-CDG, and hereditary fructose intolerance. Further differential analysis revealed high-mannose profiles, characteristic for ALG12- and ALG9-CDG. Prediction of candidate genes by glycomics profiling in 36 patients with thus far unsolved CDG-I and subsequent smMIPs sequencing led to a yield of solved cases of 78% (28/36). Combined plasma glycomics profiling and targeted smMIPs sequencing of candidate genes is a powerful approach to identify causative mutations in CDG-I patient cohorts.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: Genetic profile of patients from a large Brazilian neuromuscular reference center.

This study aimed to describe the clinical, genetic, and epidemiological features of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) in Brazilian patients from a tertiary center, and to compare our data with previously published findings. This retrospective observational study conducted between February 2015 and July 2020 evaluated 503 patients (94 families and 192 unrelated individuals), diagnosed with CMT. Clinical and neurophysiological data were obtained from electronic medical records and blood samples were used for genetic analyses. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was used to assess duplications/deletions in PMP22. Sanger sequencing of GJB1 was performed in cases of suspected demyelinating CMT. Targeted gene panel sequencing was used for the remaining negative demyelinating cases and all axonal CMT cases. The first decade of life was the most common period of disease onset. In all, 353 patients had demyelinating CMT, 39 had intermediate CMT, and 111 had axonal CMT. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in 197 index cases. The most common causative genes among probands were PMP22 (duplication) (n = 116, 58.88%), GJB1 (n = 23, 11.67%), MFN2 (n = 12, 6.09%), GDAP1 (n = 7, 3.55%), MPZ (n = 6, 3.05%), PMP22 (point mutation) (n = 6, 3.05%), NEFL (n = 3, 1.52%), SBF2 (n = 3, 1.52%), and SH3TC2 (n = 3, 1.52%). Other identified variants were ≤1% of index cases. This study provides further data on the frequency of CMT subtypes in a Brazilian clinical-based population and highlights the importance of rarer and previously undiagnosed variants in clinical practice.

Data of insecticide effects of natural compounds against third instar larvae of Cochliomyia macellaria.

Morphological biomarkers can be used to establish a diagnosis of fly larvae structural damage and toxicity to target cells by biopesticide candidates. Insecticide activity of natural compounds such as Curcuma longa essential oil (CLLEO) extracted from leaves, and its major constituent α-phellandrene have proven to be a novel biopesticide candidate against third instar larvae (L3) of Cochliomyia macellaria. In this way, groups of 20 L3 were placed on filter paper impregnated with different concentrations of CLLEO, from 0.31 to 2.86 µL/cm2 and α-phellandrene, from 0.29 to 1.47 µL/cm2. The extracts were solubilized in ethanol. Data shown in this article is related to the research article "Can an overlooked by-product from turmeric industry be effective for myiasis control?" Chaaban et al., 2019. Data on L3 toxicity was observed after 6 and 24h of contact with both extracts, as well as a marked reduction of L3 movement, color changes in the cuticle and progressive darkening in their body. Major cuticle damage and L3 mortality were reported.

Effects of Tagetes minuta essencial oil on Lucilia cuprina third instar larvae.

The activity of Tagetes minuta essential oil (TMEO) was tested against third instar larvae (L3) of the Australian blowfly Lucilia cuprina. We have determined the potential of the T. minuta EO as a new biopesticide candidate. To test this, groups of 20 L3 were placed on filter paper impregnated with ranging concentrations (from 0.19 to 6.36 µL/cm2) of TMEO, solubilized in acetone. Data show in this article is related to research article "Tissue damage and cytotoxic effects of Tagetes minuta essential oil against Lucilia cuprina" Chaaban et al., 2019. Thus, data of cuticle damage, color changes in L3 body and decrease in L3 motility were recorded 24 and 48 h after TMEO contact.

Insecticide activity of Curcuma longa (leaves) essential oil and its major compound α-phellandrene against Lucilia cuprina larvae (Diptera: Calliphoridae): Histological and ultrastructural biomarkers assessment.

Lucilia cuprina, known as the Australian blowfly, is of high medico-sanitary and veterinary importance due to its ability to induce myiasis. Synthetic products are the most frequent form of fly control, but their indiscriminate use has selected for resistant populations and accounted for high levels of residues in animal products. This study aimed to assess the effect of essential oil from leaves of Curcuma longa (CLLEO), and its major compound α-phellandrene against L. cuprina L3. An additional goal was to determine the morphological alterations in target organs/tissues through ultrastructural assessment (SEM) and light microscopy, as well as macroscopic damage to cuticle induced by CLLEO. Groups of 20 L3 were placed on filter paper impregnated with increasing concentrations of CLLEO (0.15 to 2.86 µL/cm2) and α-phellandrene (0.29 to 1.47 µL/cm2). Efficacy was determined by quantifying L3 mortality 6, 24 and 48 h after contact with CLLEO and by measuring the structural damage to L3. CLLEO and α-phellandrene inhibited adult emergence by 96.22 and 100%, respectively. Macroscopic cuticle damage, appeared as diffuse pigment and darkening of larval body, was caused by both extracts. The SEM revealed dryness on the cuticle surface, distortion of the sensorial structures and general degeneration in treated L3. Furthermore, alterations in target organs (digestive tract, fat body and brain) were noticed and shall be used as biomarkers in future attempts to elucidate the mechanism of action of these compounds. The vacuolar degeneration and pyknotic profiles observed in the brain tissue of treated larvae with both extracts and the decreased motility within <6 h after treatment leads us to suggest a neurotoxic activity of the products. This work demonstrates the potential use of CLLEO and α-phellandrene as bioinsecticides to be used against L. cuprina, representing an ecofriendly alternative for myiasis control in humans and animals.

Tissue damage and cytotoxic effects of Tagetes minuta essential oil against Lucilia cuprina.

The blowfly Lucilia cuprina has great medico-sanitary and veterinary importance due to the ability of its larval form to develop in decaying organic matter, parasitizing vertebrates. Fly eradication is challenging and the essential oil (EO) of Tagetes minuta (TMEO) have been reported to have therapeutic properties. This study aimed to determine the activity of EO from the aerial parts of T. minuta against third instar larvae (L3) of L. cuprina. Groups of 20 L3 were placed on filter paper, which were impregnated with varying concentrations (0.19; 0.39; 0.79; 1.59; 2.38; 3.18; 4.77; and 6.36 µL/cm2) of TMEO solubilized in acetone, ethanol or Tween 20. Histological tissue damage of TMEO was measured in L3 after 24, 48 and 96 h of exposure. Dihydrotagetone (67.64%), trans-ocimene (16.23%), trans-tagetone (10.14%) and verbenone (2.98%) were obtained as major compounds of TMEO. Lethal concentrations of 50%, 24 and 48 h after TMEO exposure were 1.02 and 0.73 µL/cm2 for acetone; 3.37 and 1.75 µL/cm2 for ethanol; and 7.46 and 6.11 µL/cm2 for Tween 20, respectively. TMEO had a significant L3 mortality of 96.6% in acetone, 48 h after contact. Cuticle abnormalities were observed, as well as the loss of digestive tract architecture and vacuolization in fat bodies. TMEO presented time and concentration-dependent effects against L. cuprina. As our study demonstrated a strong insecticide activity of TMEO, we consider that it could be developed into an ecofriendly product against L. cuprina.

Cuticular damage of Lucilia cuprina larvae exposed to Curcuma longa leaves essential oil and its major compound α-phellandrene.

Morphological biomarkers as the histopathological assessment and scanning electron microscopy can be used to establish a diagnosis of structure damage and intoxication of target cells by new biopesticide candidate. In this sense, cuticle damage caused by active substances in larvae exposed to biopesticides can help to elucidate the mode action. Thus, insecticide activity analysis of essential oil of Curcuma longa leaves and its major compound α-phellandrene have proven to be a new biopesticide candidate against third instar larvae (L3) of the Australian blowfly Lucilia cuprina. In this way, groups of 20 L3 were placed on filter paper, impregnated with ranging concentrations (from 0.15 to 2.86 µL/cm2) of C. longa leaves EO and (0.29-1.47 µL/cm2) to α-phellandrene. The extracts were solubilized in ethanol. Progressive darkening in the body of L3, marked reduction of movement, color changes in larval cuticle and dead were observed 6 and 24 h after contact with both extracts.

Regulatory variants of FOXG1 in the context of its topological domain organisation.

FOXG1 syndrome is caused by FOXG1 intragenic point mutations, or by long-range position effects (LRPE) of intergenic structural variants. However, the size of the FOXG1 regulatory landscape is uncertain, because the associated topologically associating domain (TAD) in fibroblasts is split into two domains in embryonic stem cells (hESC). Indeed, it has been suggested that the pathogenetic mechanism of deletions that remove the stem-cell-specific TAD boundary may be enhancer adoption due to ectopic activity of enhancer(s) located in the distal hESC-TAD. Herein we map three de novo translocation breakpoints to the proximal regulatory domain of FOXG1. The classical FOXG1 syndrome in these and in other translocation patients, and in a patient with an intergenic deletion that removes the hESC-specific TAD boundary, do not support the hypothesised enhancer adoption as a main contributor to the FOXG1 syndrome. Also, virtual 4 C and HiC-interaction data suggest that the hESC-specific TAD boundary may not be critical for FOXG1 regulation in a majority of human cells and tissues, including brain tissues and a neuronal progenitor cell line. Our data support the importance of a critical regulatory region (SRO) proximal to the hESC-specific TAD boundary. We further narrow this critical region by a deletion distal to the hESC-specific boundary, associated with a milder clinical phenotype. The distance from FOXG1 to the SRO ( > 500 kb) highlight a limitation of ENCODE DNase hypersensitivity data for functional prediction of LRPE. Moreover, the SRO has little overlap with a cluster of frequently associating regions (FIREs) located in the proximal hESC-TAD.

Resistance training alone or combined with leucine supplementation improves the serum lipid profile of diabetic rats, whereas leucine alone does not.

OBJECTIVES: Diabetes mellitus is associated with dyslipidemia, which contributes to a higher risk of thrombosis, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. This study evaluated the effects of leucine and resistance training on the serum lipid profile in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes for 8 weeks. METHODS: Wistar rats with neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetes were treated with leucine supplementation (5%) and/or resistance training (3 days per week) for 8 weeks, and divided in DL (diabetic and leucine), DT (diabetic and resistance training group) and DLT (diabetic, leucine and resistance training) groups. Others 2 groups of animals received isonitrogen AIN-93M diet that was defined as a control diet: group D (diabetic untreated) and group C (non-diabetic). RESULTS: The decrease in serum total cholesterol and increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was observed in the resistance training-induced diabetic rats when compared with diabetic rats. There was no change in serum lipid profile in leucine-supplemented diabetic rats and no synergistic effect of leucine and resistance training. The fasting glucose levels were reduced in all animals treated compared to D group. CONCLUSION: The diabetic trained rats demonstrate a protective effect of resistance training on the serum lipid profile.

Leucine and resistance training improve hyperglycemia, white adipose tissue loss, and inflammatory parameters in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Loss of white adipose tissue (WAT), associated with type 1 diabetes (DM1), contributes to increased chronic systemic inflammation. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of leucine supplementation and resistance training (RT) in attenuating WAT loss and improving inflammatory parameters and glucose metabolism in DM1 rats. METHODS: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: DA (sedentary and supplemented with non-essential amino acids (NEAA)), DL (sedentary and supplemented with leucine), DTA (submitted to RT and supplemented with NEAA) and DTL (submitted to RT and supplemented with leucine). DM1 was induced by streptozotocin (STZ). An 8-week period of RT consisted of climbing a ladder with a progressively increased load, and supplementation was offered in the feed. RESULTS: Glycemia, polyphagia and polydipsia were lower in DL, DTA and DTL groups compared with the DA group by approximately 20% ( p<.0001), 28% ( p=.004) and 64% ( p<.0001), respectively. Weight of total WAT and retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT) were higher by approximately 21% ( p=.01) and 54% ( p=.0004), respectively, in DL, DTA and DTL groups compared with DA. However, gene expression of adiponectin and leptin in RPAT was only increased by RT (DTA and DTL) compared with DA and DL by approximately 93% ( p<.0001) and 78% ( p=.0002), respectively. Similarly, the levels of adiponectin in the serum, tissue IL-10 (RPAT) and serum IL-10 were only increased in DTA and DTL compared with DA and DL by approximately 31% ( p=.03), 45% ( p=.0009) and 35% ( p=.003), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both interventions, isolated or together, reduced hyperglycemia and excessive loss of WAT, but RT was the main factor responsible for attenuating inflammation.

Insecticide activity of Baccharis dracunculifolia essential oil against Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

The ethnobotanical uses of Brazilian plants for different injuries and diseases conjoined with local rich biodiversity represent an important resource for research and development. This study aimed to characterise BDEO and its in vitro activity on the third instar larvae (L3) of Cochliomyia macellaria. Groups of 20 L3 were placed on filter paper impregnated with increasing concentrations of 5-30% (v/v), equivalent to 0.79-4.77 µL/cm2, solubilised in ethanol or acetone. The major constituents of BDEO were ß-pinene (9.94%), D-limonene (9.59%), ß-nerolidol (7.93%), caryophyllene (7.69%), spathulenol (6.69), α-muurolene (6.74%) and α-pinene (5.31%). Lethal concentrations of 50% for BDEO on C. macellaria (LC50) after 24 and 48 h of exposure were 2.63 and 2.47 µL/cm2 for ethanol and 9.58 and 8.11 µL/cm2 for acetone, respectively. Furthermore, larvae cuticle abnormalities and adult deformity were observed. Our data confirm the effectiveness of BDEO as an ecofriendly product against blowflies.

Effects of leucine supplementation and resistance training on myopathy of diabetic rats.

Leucine supplementation and resistance training positively influence the protein translation process and the cell signaling mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway that regulates muscle protein balance and muscle remodeling, and thus may be therapeutic to diabetic myopathy. However, the effect of a combined intervention has not been well studied. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups, control (C), diabetic control (D), diabetic + trained (DT), diabetic + L-leucine (DL), diabetic + L-leucine + trained (DLT). The supplementation of 5% leucine in chow, and resistance training were conducted for 8 weeks postweaning of rats. The extensor digitorum longus was used to assess signaling proteins involved in muscle protein synthesis, and the gastrocnemius and soleus were used for determination of muscle weight. Blood samples were collected for biochemical assays. Strength and ambulation tests were employed to evaluate motor performance. Results showed that both leucine supplementation and resistance training elevated the activity of mTOR-p70S6K in diabetic rats (P < 0.05). Moreover, though leucine supplementation in combination with resistance training demonstrated synergistic effects on p70S6K (P < 0.05), both treatments were capable of recovering motor performance (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 5% leucine supplementation combined with resistance training has the potential to attenuate muscle loss and motor performance decrements in diabetic rats, at least in part through increased protein synthesis.

Can leucine supplementation attenuate muscle atrophy? A literature review / A suplementação de leucina pode atenuar a atrofia muscular? Uma revisão da literatura

Abstract Currently, there has been new expectations in studying strategies with the potential to mitigate the skeletal muscle atrophy that characterizes conditions such as aging, disuse, cancer, and the use of certain medications. Among them, amino acid leucine has received special attention due to its potential to stimulate specific pathways of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. Due to the wide spread use of this amino acid by the media, several studies have been aimed at investigating the possible effectiveness of leucine against skeletal muscle atrophy. As a result, this literature review was aimed to analyze recent studies that investigated the effects of leucine supplementation on skeletal muscle atrophy in both humans and animals. Overall, the wide variations in the experimental designs developed, models studied, leucine dose, treatment duration and sample healthiness make it difficult for professionals and researchers to establish guidelines about possible therapeutic effectiveness of this nutritional strategy.

Resumo Atualmente, surgem novas expectativas em estudar estratégias com o potencial de atenuar a atrofia muscular esquelética que caracteriza condições como o envelhecimento, o desuso, o câncer, assim como o uso de determinadas medicações. Dentre elas, o aminoácido leucina vem recebendo especial destaque devido ao seu potencial em estimular vias específicas de síntese proteica no músculo esquelético. Devido à grande disseminação do uso deste aminoácido pela mídia, diversas pesquisas vêm sendo desenvolvidas com foco na investigação de possível efetividade da leucina contra a atrofia muscular esquelética. Em virtude disso, essa revisão bibliográfica teve por objetivo analisar os estudos recentes que investigaram os efeitos da suplementação isolada de leucina sobre a atrofia muscular, tanto em humanos quanto em animais. De forma geral, as grandes variações nos desenhos experimentais desenvolvidos, nos modelos estudados, na dose de leucina empregada, na duração do protocolo de suplementação e na saudabilidade da amostra, fazem com que profissionais da área e pesquisadores sofram em poder estabelecer maiores diretrizes acerca da possível eficácia terapêutica desta estratégia nutricional.

Traços de temperamento e caráter valorizados por instrutores e médicos residentes em anestesiologia / Temperament and character traits valued by instructors and medical residents in anesthesiology

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Temperamento e caráter possuem estreita relação com desempenho profissional de médicos anestesiologistas. Este estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer uma matriz de fatores contendo traços de temperamento e caráter considerados importantes por instrutores/responsáveis e médicos em especialização (ME) em Anestesiologia. MÉTODO: Um questionário contendo 29 traços foi apresentado a 84 Responsáveis e 1089 ME. Cada traço foi valorizado numa escala Likert de 10 pontos com extremos: absolutamente indesejável e absolutamente desejável a um ME em Anestesiologia e comparado pelos testes Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. Utilizou-se análise fatorial para identificar fatores continentes dos traços estudados. RESULTADOS: Os resultados compreenderam as respostas de 35 responsáveis e 164 ME. Houve diferença significativa entre escores atribuídos aos traços confiabilidade (p<0,04) e organização (p<0,04) entre responsáveis e ME. Seis fatores foram identificados, respondendo por 63,74% da variância dos escores do questionário. CONCLUSÕES: Responsáveis e ME valorizaram de forma semelhante os traços. A análise fatorial mostrou que seis dimensões incorporaram os 29 traços. Estes achados sugerem que um instrumento de avaliação não técnica de ME contendo estas dimensões pode demonstrar validade de face e conteúdo.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The relationship between temperament and character and anesthesiology have been described.1, 2 This study aimed to establish a matrix containing factors of temperament and character traits considered important by the instructors/responsibles and the resident. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire containing 29 traits was presented to 84 responsibles and 1089 residents. Each trait was valued at a 10-point Likert scale with extremes: completely undesirable and completely desirable in a resident in anesthesiology and compared by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. Factor analysis was used to identify factors continents of the studied traits. RESULTS: The results refer to responses from 35 responsibles and 164 residents. There were significant difference between the scores assigned to traits reliability (p<0,04) and neat (p<0,04) among responsibles and residents. Six factors were identified, accounting for 63.74% of the variance of scores on the questionnaire. CONCLUSION: Responsibles and residents similarly valued the traits. Factor analysis revealed six dimensions that have incorporated the 29 traits. These findings suggest that an assessment tool for non-technical of residents containing these dimensions can demonstrate validity and content.