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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33146310

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between two versions of the scoring system (2011 and 2019), recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children and adolescents. A retrospective descriptive study was performed to assess the medical records of children and adolescents with PTB, in TB units from Brazilian cities located in Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and Parana States, from January 1 st , 2004, to December 1 st , 2018. Patients aged 0 to 18 years old with a diagnosis of PTB were included. The comparison between the two scoring systems showed a moderate concordance according to the κ coefficient value = 0.625. Fourteen patients showed a reduction in the TB score, going from 30 points in the 2011, to 25 points or less in the 2019 one. Seventy one percent of these 14 patients had radiological changes suggestive of PTB and 86% had tuberculin skin tests greater than 10 mm. The study concluded that a moderate agreement was observed between the 2011 and 2019 scoring systems, with an increase in the number of patients scoring 25 points or less in 2019, which can eventually hinder the diagnosis of PTB.


Assuntos
Tuberculose Pulmonar , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cidades , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Teste Tuberculínico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico
2.
J Bras Pneumol ; 44(2): 134-144, 2018 Apr.
Artigo em Português, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29791553

RESUMO

Tuberculosis continues to be a public health priority in many countries. In 2015, tuberculosis killed 1.4 million people, including 210,000 children. Despite the recent progress made in the control of tuberculosis in Brazil, it is still one of the countries with the highest tuberculosis burdens. In 2015, there were 69,000 reported cases of tuberculosis in Brazil and tuberculosis was the cause of 4,500 deaths in the country. In 2014, the World Health Organization approved the End TB Strategy, which set a target date of 2035 for meeting its goals of reducing the tuberculosis incidence by 90% and reducing the number of tuberculosis deaths by 95%. However, to achieve those goals in Brazil, there is a need for collaboration among the various sectors involved in tuberculosis control and for the prioritization of activities, including control measures targeting the most vulnerable populations. Children are highly vulnerable to tuberculosis, and there are particularities specific to pediatric patients regarding tuberculosis development (rapid progression from infection to active disease), prevention (low effectiveness of vaccination against the pulmonary forms and limited availability of preventive treatment of latent tuberculosis infection), diagnosis (a low rate of bacteriologically confirmed diagnosis), and treatment (poor availability of child-friendly anti-tuberculosis drugs). In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and prevention of tuberculosis in childhood and adolescence, highlighting the peculiarities of active and latent tuberculosis in those age groups, in order to prompt reflection on new approaches to the management of pediatric tuberculosis within the framework of the End TB Strategy.


Assuntos
Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Erradicação de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Organização Mundial da Saúde
3.
J. bras. pneumol ; 44(2): 134-144, Mar.-Apr. 2018. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-893909

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis continues to be a public health priority in many countries. In 2015, tuberculosis killed 1.4 million people, including 210,000 children. Despite the recent progress made in the control of tuberculosis in Brazil, it is still one of the countries with the highest tuberculosis burdens. In 2015, there were 69,000 reported cases of tuberculosis in Brazil and tuberculosis was the cause of 4,500 deaths in the country. In 2014, the World Health Organization approved the End TB Strategy, which set a target date of 2035 for meeting its goals of reducing the tuberculosis incidence by 90% and reducing the number of tuberculosis deaths by 95%. However, to achieve those goals in Brazil, there is a need for collaboration among the various sectors involved in tuberculosis control and for the prioritization of activities, including control measures targeting the most vulnerable populations. Children are highly vulnerable to tuberculosis, and there are particularities specific to pediatric patients regarding tuberculosis development (rapid progression from infection to active disease), prevention (low effectiveness of vaccination against the pulmonary forms and limited availability of preventive treatment of latent tuberculosis infection), diagnosis (a low rate of bacteriologically confirmed diagnosis), and treatment (poor availability of child-friendly anti-tuberculosis drugs). In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and prevention of tuberculosis in childhood and adolescence, highlighting the peculiarities of active and latent tuberculosis in those age groups, in order to prompt reflection on new approaches to the management of pediatric tuberculosis within the framework of the End TB Strategy.


RESUMO A tuberculose continua sendo uma prioridade de saúde pública em muitos países. Em 2015, a tuberculose matou 1,4 milhão de pessoas, incluindo 210.000 crianças. Apesar dos recentes progressos no controle da tuberculose no nosso país, o Brasil ainda é um dos países com maior carga de tuberculose. Em 2015, houve 69.000 casos de tuberculose notificados no Brasil e a tuberculose foi a causa de 4.500 mortes no país. Em 2014, a Organização Mundial da Saúde aprovou a Estratégia End TB, que estabeleceu 2035 como data-alvo para atingir suas metas de redução da incidência de tuberculose em 90% e do número de mortes por tuberculose em 95%. No entanto, para alcançar essas metas no Brasil, há a necessidade de colaboração entre os diversos setores envolvidos no controle da tuberculose e de priorização de atividades, incluindo medidas de controle voltadas às populações mais vulneráveis. As crianças são altamente vulneráveis à tuberculose, e há particularidades específicas dos pacientes pediátricos quanto ao desenvolvimento da tuberculose (rápida progressão da infecção para a doença ativa), prevenção (baixa eficácia da vacinação contra as formas pulmonares e disponibilidade limitada de tratamento preventivo da infecção tuberculosa latente), diagnóstico (baixa taxa de diagnóstico confirmado bacteriologicamente); e tratamento (pouca disponibilidade de fármacos antituberculose próprios para crianças). Nesta revisão, discutimos a epidemiologia, as manifestações clínicas e a prevenção da tuberculose na infância e adolescência, destacando as peculiaridades da tuberculose ativa e latente nessas faixas etárias, a fim de promover a reflexão sobre novas abordagens para o manejo da tuberculose pediátrica no àmbito da Estratégia End TB.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Brasil/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Etários , Progressão da Doença , Erradicação de Doenças
4.
In. Basílio de Oliveira, Carlos Alberto. ATLAIDS: atlas de patologia da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (Aids/HIV). São Paulo, Atheneu, 2005. p.230-268, ilus, tab.
Monografia em Português | LILACS, BBO - Odontologia | ID: lil-416042
5.
Pulmäo RJ ; 10(2): 32-35, 2001. ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-764333

RESUMO

Os testes de função pulmonar confirmam a obstrução das vias aéreas, quando se avalia de forma objetiva o dianóstico de asma na criança. O VEF1 (volume expiratório forçado no 1 segundo) é o parâmetro de função pulmonar fornecido pela espirometria, que melhor documenta a severidade da doença, através da quantificação do grau de obstrução. A resposta broncodilatadora positiva (após beta 2 agonista de curta duração), com melhora de 12% nos valores do VeF1, confirma o diagnóstico de asma. Por sua vez, o teste de broncoprovocação mede o grau de broncoconstricção de um indivíduo a diversos estímulos inespecíficos, capaz de desencadear uma crise de asma. O teste com metacolina é seguro, requer uma ténica mais elaborada realizada a partir da linha de base da espirometria. O exame é útil principalmente para crianças com sintomatologia respiratória e espirometria normal. Os exames são realizados em crianças a partir dos 6 anos de idade.


When the effectiveness of ashtma diagnosis and interventions are evaluated the variable airways obstruction is always objectively measured by pulmonary function tests. The FEV denved from spirometry, is the most reproductible pulmonary function parameter and is related to the seventy of airways obstruction. In addition a positive acute response to bronchodilator confirm the diagnosis of ashtma. Airways responsiveness measures the degree to whic an individual withstands nonspecific stimuli that trigger asthamtic attacks. The methacoline challenge test is safe hit, requires more technical skill than baseline spirometry and is clinically useful when spirometry is normal. These tools are being use in clinical pratice in children over 6 years old, suspected of ashtma.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Asma/diagnóstico , Testes de Função Respiratória , Espirometria , Broncodilatadores , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica
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