RESUMO
RESUMEN En Iberoamérica se reconocen variadas experiencias que favorecen un envejecimiento activo, y que pueden ser replicadas en diversas comunidades, como estrategias orientadas a una mejor calidad de vida. La presente revisión tiene como objetivo identificar intervenciones o recomendaciones orientadas al fomento de un envejecimiento activo en países de Iberoamérica. La búsqueda de evidencias se efectuó en publicaciones de artículos disponibles entre los años 2010 y 2019, utilizando las bases de datos Medline, Scopus, Scielo, Science-Direct, Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, MEDES y Dialnet. Las recomendaciones y experiencias realizadas para este grupo etario incluyen actividades clásicas como la realización de actividad física o talleres de educación en salud, pero también acciones culturales, turísticas, intergeneracionales, de fortaleciendo cognitivo, actividades intersectoriales, historias de vida, lugar de residencia o el uso de tecnologías de información. Futuras experiencias de promoción destinadas a este grupo etario deben planificarse con una mirada integradora de actividades que favorezcan la vida sana a través de la creación, la cultura y la vida saludable.
ABSTRACT In Latin America, various experiences that promote active aging are recognized, and can be replicated in various communities, as strategies aimed at a better quality of life. The objective of this review is to identify interventions or recommendations aimed at promoting active aging in Ibero-American countries. The search for evidence was carried out in publications of articles available between 2010 and 2019, using the Medline, Scopus, Scielo, Science-Direct, Virtual Health Library, MEDES and Dialnet databases. Recommendations and experiences carried out for this age group include classic activities such as physical activity or health education workshops, but also cultural, tourist, intergenerational, cognitive strengthening actions, intersectoral activities, life stories, place of residence or use of information technologies. Future promotional experiences for this age group should be planned with an integrating perspective of activities that promote healthy living through creation, culture and healthy living.
RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the basal and post-exercise plasma markers of muscular damage, lipid peroxidation and cytokines in eight male well-trained semiprofessional cyclists, in response to a three consecutive-day cycling competition. Serum markers of oxidative and muscular damage - creatine kinase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity, myoglobin and malondialdehyde (MDA), creatinine and nitrite levels - followed a sawtooth-type representation throughout the competition. MDA showed an accumulative pattern, evidenced in the post-race values of the third stage which were significantly higher with respect to the values of the first stage. Cortisol levels were significantly influenced by an interaction between the exercise and the stage factors, with higher values on the 4th day. Plasma cytokine levels were only determined before the first stage and post-race, after the third stage. The exercise increased TNFα, IL6, IL2 and IFNγ levels, whereas IL1ß was unchanged. In conclusion, cyclist stages induced oxidative and cellular muscle damage which is partially recovered to basal values by the next morning. Repetitive stages during the cycling competition accumulated plasma muscular damage and lipid peroxidation markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines, probably as a result of local inflammatory responses.
