Therapy Defining at Initial Diagnosis of Primary Brain Tumor-The Role of 18F-FET PET/CT and MRI.

Primary malignant brain tumors are heterogeneous and infrequent neoplasms. Their classification, therapeutic regimen and prognosis have undergone significant development requiring the innovation of an imaging diagnostic. The performance of enhanced magnetic resonance imaging depends on blood-brain barrier function. Several studies have demonstrated the advantages of static and dynamic amino acid PET/CT providing accurate metabolic status in the neurooncological setting. The aim of our single-center retrospective study was to test the primary diagnostic role of amino acid PET/CT compared to enhanced MRI. Emphasis was placed on cases prior to intervention, therefore, a certain natural bias was inevitable. In our analysis for newly found brain tumors 18F-FET PET/CT outperformed contrast MRI and PWI in terms of sensitivity and negative predictive value (100% vs. 52.9% and 36.36%; 100% vs. 38.46% and 41.67%), in terms of positive predictive value their performance was roughly the same (84.21 % vs. 90% and 100%), whereas regarding specificity contrast MRI and PWI were superior (40% vs. 83.33% and 100%). Based on these results the superiority of 18F-FET PET/CT seems to present incremental value during the initial diagnosis. In the case of non-enhancing tumors, it should always be suggested as a therapy-determining test.

[Trends of development in CT and MRI doagnostics]. / Fejlesztési trendek a CT- és MR-diagnosztikában.

Modern imaging processes, with CT and MRI diagnostics among them, play an increasingly important role in the early diagnosis and determination of the extent and nature of illnesses and the evaluation of their response to therapy. The authors review the technical and technological improvements that have recently been realised in CT and MRI diagnostics and are being adopted in clinical practice. Relying on the results achieved so far, they are analysing the potential for further development. In both modalities, the primary aim is incessant hardware and software upgrades, the implementation of cost-efficient solutions by increasing efficiency and cutting back maintenance and operational costs. The reduction in examination time, the ever-improving image quality and the increased comfort level of the examination environment are of outstanding significance to both the patient and the staff. The interpretation of the generated data is highly dependent on the level of expertise and experience and the knowledge of clinical data and technical opportunities of the person issuing the findings. This process is going to be assisted by artificial intelligence (AI) that the authors also discuss in terms of CT and MRI diagnostics.

[Correction of the physiological artefacts at pre-surgical clinical functional MR]. / Fiziológiai mutermékek jelentosége az idegsebészeti mutétek elott végzett funkcionális MR-vizsgálatokban.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pre-surgical functional MRI (fMRI) is an important modality of examinations before brain surgery. There are several artefacts (e.g. motion, susceptibility) which may hinder the evaluation of fMRI data. Physiological artefacts (breathing, pulsation) also affect the sensitivity and specificity of anatomical localization. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficiency of physiological artefact identification and removal methods for presurgical evaluation. METHODS: Siemens Magnetom Verio 3T MRI scanner was used to collect data. The physiological parameters (breathing, pulse) were recorded with the MRI system's built-in devices. Data from fourteen patients - with primary brain tumour - were evaluated with SPM12 utilizing the RETROICOR/RVHR tool to detect and decrease the effect of physiological artefacts. We compared the statistical maps obtained with and without the physiological correction using the Jaccard similarity coefficient, and ROI analyses. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the mean ROI values (p<0.0016) and the extensions of eloquent activations (p<0.0013), when using the physiological correction (RETORICOR/RVHR) based on convolution method. On the other hand, no significant differences were found between the ROIs' standard deviations (F=0.28). The RETROICOR/ RVHR method helps to define the precise localisation of eloquent areas (p<0.009). The number of irrelevant (non-significant) voxels were increased (p<0.001). . CONCLUSION: Minimising of physiological artefacts in fMRI data calculations, the (RETROICOR/RVHR) method based on convolution has been successfully adapted. This algorithm could be helpful before neurosurgical intervention. The activity pattern became more reliable.

Is the social brain theory applicable to human individual differences? Relationship between sociability personality dimension and brain size.

Our study intends to examine whether the social brain theory is applicable to human individual differences. According to the social brain theory primates have larger brains as it could be expected from their body sizes due to the adaptation to a more complex social life. Regarding humans there were few studies about the relationship between theory of mind and frontal and temporal brain lobes. We hypothesized that these brain lobes, as well as the whole cerebrum and neocortex are in connection with the Sociability personality dimension that is associated with individuals' social lives. Our findings support this hypothesis as Sociability correlated positively with the examined brain structures if we control the effects of body size differences and age. These results suggest that the social brain theory can be extended to human interindividual differences and they have some implications to personality psychology too.

The pre-requisite of a second-generation glioma PET biomarker.

UNLABELLED: Since the introduction of FDG into the field of molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) more than three decades ago, FDG has been the tracer of choice for oncology PET imaging. Despite the relative disadvantages of FDG and the relative benefits of its challengers, FDG remains the most commonly used glioma tracer nowadays. The present article surveys the expectations of the field and gives a concise summary of recent developments; including the issues pertaining to the continued search for an optimal second-generation PET biomarker for glioma. MINI-ABSTRACT: The present article gives a concise summary of recent developments; including the issues pertaining to the continued search for an optimal PET biomarker for glioma.

[Occipital sinus as a potential differential diagnosis in patients suspect of dural sinus thrombosis--a case report]. / A sinus occipitalis mint differenciál-diagnosztikai lehetóség a sinusthrombosis gyanújával vizsgált betegeknél.

INTRODUCTIONS: The diagnosis of dural sinus thrombosis despite of using modern imaging techniques still remains a difficult problem. For satisfactory interpretation of CT and MR scans it is indispensably important the knowledge of anatomical variations and possible imaging artifacts. One of the relatively rare developmental variations--giving chance for making false positive diagnosis--is the occipital sinus with hypoplasia or agenesis of transverse sinus. CASE REPORTS CONCLUSION: The incidence, the anatomical classification, the importance and the possibility of differentiation from sinus thrombosis are reviewed based on case reports of four patients.

[Percutaneous vertebroplasty: methods, indications, results]. / Perkután vertebroplasztika: módszer, indikációk, eredmények.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a radiologically guided therapeutic procedure, which consists of percutaneous injection of a liquid polymer (bone cement) into a destroyed vertebral body. PVP was invented in 1984, in France, first for treating vertebral body haemangioma. Since its introduction the indications have been expanded progressively and today PVP is indicated mainly for treatment of vertebral haemangioma, malignant vertebral tumor and osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. The unique advantage of this technique is that besides the stabilization of the vertebral body--and partly in connection with this--it affords prompt and lasting pain relief. Based on published data the success rate of the procedure is 80-100% with a complication rate of 1-10%. Thus, PVP is a valuable minimally invasive tool, providing immediate pain relief and early mobility in carefully selected patients. However, further work is needed to define the benefits of PVP compared to the standard treatment. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the technique by analyzing scientific reports published to date and summarizing the first author's own experience gained at the University Hospital of Geneva, Department of Neuroradiology, Switzerland.

[Hormone disorders caused by intrasellar persistent trigeminal artery]. / Hormontüneteket okozó perzisztáló trigeminalis artéria.

Persistent trigeminal artery is a relatively frequent type of intracranial arterial developmental anomalies. The diagnostic tools for demonstration previously consisted of carotid angiography, later CT and DSA and nowadays MR and MRA. The practical benefit of the diagnosis is to avoid any hazard at the operation of associated hypophysis adenomas and aneurysms and could also give a possible explanation for apparent hormonal abnormalities. The authors support the latter possibility with a case report.