Dose-Dependent Inhibitory Effect of Rosuvastatin in Japanese Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction on Serum Concentration of Matrix Metalloproteinases-INVITATION Trial.

AIM: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play critical roles in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This trial was conducted to determine the potential effects of higher-dose rosuvastatin on circulating MMP levels in patients with AMI. METHODS: This was a multicenter, open-label, 1:1 randomized, parallel-group study. Patients with AMI were randomly assigned to the appropriate-dose group (10 mg rosuvastatin once daily) or the low-dose group (2.5 mg rosuvastatin once daily) within 24 hours after percutaneous coronary intervention. MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were measured on day 1 and at week 4, 12, and 24 after enrollment. The primary endpoint was the change in MMP levels at 24 weeks after enrollment. The secondary endpoints were change in MMP levels at day 1 and weeks 4 and 12 after enrollment. RESULTS: Between August 2017 and October 2018, 120 patients with AMI from 19 institutions were randomly assigned to either the appropriate-dose or the low-dose group. There were 109 patients who completed the 24-week follow-up. The primary endpoint for both MMP-2 and MMP-9 was not significantly different between the two groups. The change in the active/total ratio of MMP-9 at week 12 after baseline was significantly lower in the appropriate-dose group compared with the low-dose group (0.81 [-52.8-60.1]% vs. 70.1 [-14.5-214.2]%, P=0.004), while the changes in MMP-2 were not significantly different between the two groups during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: This study could not demonstrate the superiority of appropriate-dose of rosuvastatin in inhibiting serum MMPs levels in patients with AMI.

Imaging-guided PCI for event suppression in Japanese acute coronary syndrome patients: community-based observational cohort registry.

Although there is accumulating evidence for the usefulness of imaging-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), there are few studies for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and the impact of the frequency of use has not been well addressed. From the Kumamoto Intervention Conference Study; a Japanese registry comprising 17 institutions, consecutive patients undergoing successful PCI from April 2008 through March 2014 were enrolled. Subjects were divided into two groups: imaging-guided PCI and angiography-guided PCI. Clinical outcome was a composite of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis within 1 year. A total of 6025 ACS patients were enrolled: 3613 and 2412 patients with imaging- and angiography-guided PCI, respectively. Adverse cardiac events were significantly lower in the imaging-guided PCI group (long-rank P < 0.001). Even after propensity-score matching, the event rates still showed significant differences between the two groups (log-rank P = 0.004). To assess the effects of frequency of imaging usage, we divided the 17 institutions into six low-, six moderate-, and five high-frequency groups. The event rates decreased depending on the frequency, seemingly driven by stepwise event suppression in angiography-guided PCI. In Japanese ACS patients, the incidence of adverse clinical events in patients treated with imaging-guided PCI were significantly lower than that in patients with angiography-guided PCI. Better clinical result was found in the institutions using intravascular imaging more frequently. University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN)-CTR ( http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ ). Identifier: KICS (UMIN000015397).

Dose-dependent INhibitory effect of rosuVastatin In Japanese patienTs with Acute myocardial infarcTION on serum concentration of matrix metalloproteinases - INVITATION trial.

BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is mainly characterized by the rupture of lipid-rich vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been shown to play a critical role in inflammatory processes underlying plaque rupture. Some reports suggested statins inhibit the increased MMP levels after AMI. However, there are a few comparison studies between the different dosages of the same statin and circulating levels of MMPs. PURPOSE: This study will preliminarily investigate the potential effects of appropriate or low dose of rosuvastatin on circulating MMPs levels in AMI patients. Moreover, we will also obtain plasma from patients while undergoing diagnostic angiography to determine differences in various cardiac sites and peripheral vessels. METHODS: This study is a multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel-group study to be conducted to compare the appropriate or low dose of rosuvastatin in the effect on serum levels of inflammatory markers in AMI patients. The eligible patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) will be randomly assigned to receive either appropriate or low-dose rosuvastatin daily using a web-based randomization software within 24h after PCI. The low-dose group will be treated with rosuvastatin 2.5mg once daily with a follow-up. The appropriate-dose group will begin treatment with rosuvastatin 5mg once daily, and the dose of rosuvastatin will be titrated to 10mg within 4 weeks. During administration of the study treatment, subjects will undergo laboratory testing including MMPs and be monitored for the occurrence of adverse events up to 24 weeks. The primary endpoint will be the change rate of MMPs at 24 weeks after administration. CONCLUSIONS: INVITATION will compare the appropriate or low dose of rosuvastatin in the effects on serum levels of inflammatory markers including MMPs in AMI patients. This study will provide significant information on rosuvastatin as an anti-inflammatory agent for AMI.

Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Study of Serelaxin in Japanese Patients With Acute Heart Failure.

BACKGROUND: Serelaxin, a recombinant form of human relaxin-2, is in development for treating acute heart failure (AHF) and a Phase II study in Japanese AHF patients was conducted. METHODS AND RESULTS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of serelaxin at 10 and 30 µg·kg(-1)·day(-1)continuous intravenous infusion for up to 48 h, added to standard care for Japanese AHF patients. Primary endpoints were adverse events (AEs) through Day 5, serious AEs (SAEs) through Day 14, and serelaxin pharmacokinetics. Secondary endpoints included changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and cardiorenal biomarkers. A total of 46 patients received the study drug and were followed for 60 days. The observed AE profile was comparable between the groups, with no AEs of concern. Dose-dependent increase in the serum concentration of serelaxin was observed across the 2 dose rates of serelaxin. A greater reduction in SBP was observed with serelaxin 30 µg·kg(-1)·day(-1)vs. placebo (-7.7 [-16.4, 1.0] mmHg). A greater reduction in NT-proBNP was noted with serelaxin (-50.8% and -54.9% for 10 and 30 µg·kg(-1)·day(-1), respectively at Day 2). CONCLUSIONS: Serelaxin was well tolerated in this study with Japanese AHF patients, with no AEs of concern and favorable beneficial trends on efficacy. These findings support further evaluation of serelaxin 30 µg·kg(-1)·day(-1)in this patient population.

[A case of gastric mucosal laceration due to seat belt injury].

A 69-year-old man was involved in a road traffic accident wherein his car hit a telegraph pole and turned over. He reported wearing a seatbelt and denied any injuries or pain at that time. Six hours after the accident, however, he developed melena and hematemesis. Computed tomography performed on admission to our hospital revealed no evidence of traumatic pneumothorax, intra-abdominal bleeding, or pneumoperitoneum. However, there was evidence of contrast medium leakage from the stomach. Emergency endoscopy revealed a mucosal laceration on the lesser curvature in the cardiac region, with evidence of arterial hemorrhage from visible vessels. Hemostasis was achieved endoscopically by injection of hypertonic saline-epinephrine and clipping. Endoscopic treatment of gastric injury following blunt abdominal trauma is rare. Here we report a case and present a review of the relevant literature.

A survival case of cardiogenic shock due to left main coronary artery myocardial infarction: successful cooperation with on-site percutaneous coronary intervention and helicopter emergency medical service.

A 54-year-old man was referred to a local hospital, located about 90 km from our hospital, with cardiogenic shock due to left main coronary artery infarction (LMCA-MI). Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed under intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) support, but resulted in insufficient reperfusion and his condition worsened. The helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) rapidly transported the patient to our hospital. After percutaneous cardio-pulmonary support system (PCPS) insertion, PCI could establish the coronary flow. A series of intensive therapies saved the patient. The cooperation of medical and emergency service system following revascularization and intensive care saved the patient with LMCA-MI accompanied by cardiogenic shock.

Clinical outcomes following coronary stenting in Japanese patients treated with and without proton pump inhibitor.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) on clinical outcomes in Japanese patients who undergo coronary stent implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 1,270 patients (males 915, 69 years) were enrolled and dual antiplatelet therapy of aspirin and a thienopyridine derivative was prescribed (clopidogrel 630, ticlopidine 640). Patients were divided into 2 groups treated with or without PPI. PPI was administered in 331 cases (26%), and non-PPI in 939 (74%). There were no significant differences in cardiovascular death (PPI vs. non-PPI: 5 vs. 11 cases), nonfatal myocardial infarction (3 vs. 5), and stroke (3 vs. 16) between PPI and non-PPI groups, but the ratio of gastrointestinal events had a higher tendency in non-PPI group compared with PPI group (1 vs. 17, P=0.08). In subgroup analysis of patients taking clopidogrel, or patients with acute coronary syndrome, there was no significant difference in the ratio of cardiovascular events (7 vs. 16, 6 vs. 17, NS). The non-PPI group had a tendency of an increased risk of gastrointestinal events compared with the PPI group (0 vs. 9, P=0.06; 1 vs. 7, P=0.14). CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the negative drug interaction of PPI reported elsewhere, in the present study the intake of PPI was not associated with an increased risk for adverse clinical outcomes in patients treated with stents.

[A case of groove pancreatitis (segmental form) presented with obstructive jaundice associated with pancreatobiliary maljunction].

A 52-year-old-man was admitted to our hospital for obstructive jaundice. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangio drainage (PTCD) and endscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were performed, and pointed out stenosis of lower common bile duct (CBD) and pancreatobiliary maljunction. Brushing cytology of this lesion was negative for malignancy. CT and MRI revealed chronic inflammatory change in groove lesion with no mass formation suggesting tumor. So we diagnosed groove pancreatitis (segmental form) associated with pancreatobiliary maljunction, and operation (resection of the bile duct and biliary reconstruction by Roux-en-Y) was done. Resected specimen was revealed stenosis of the bile duct formed by fibrous tissue with no malignancy compatible to groove pancreatitis pathologically. This is first reported case of groove pancreatits associated with pancreatobiliary maljunction.

Changes of lactate, glucose, ionized calcium and glutamate concentrations in cephalic vein blood during brain hypothermia using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in a newborn infant with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

An asphyxiated infant with severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy was treated by brain hypothermia using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The brain hypothermia using ECMO maintained cardiopulmonary functions and stabilized brain temperatures by stably supply of the cooled blood to the brain. Moreover,we measured the levels of glucose, lactate, ionized calcium and glutamate in plasma. The comparison between these levels in the artery and in the cephalic vein, suggests that glucose, lactate, ionized calcium and glutamate might be used as markers of the effects of hypothermia therapy.

Low adjusted serum ionized calcium concentration shortly after birth predicts poor outcome in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

AIM: Hypoxic-ischemic reperfusion injury causes either necrosis or apoptosis, and the influx of ionized calcium into cells is the major cause of both types of cell death. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the serum ionized calcium concentration in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) could be used to predict their outcome. METHODS: Serum samples were obtained shortly after birth from 20 HIE neonates who had not urinated or received treatment with calcium. Serum ionized calcium concentrations were adjusted for pH using a correction formula. Twelve neonates without any disease were selected as a control. The results were compared between nine HIE neonates who made a full recovery, 11 who died or had neurologic deficits, and 12 normal neonates. RESULTS: Considered together, the two HIE groups had lower serum ionized calcium concentrations (1.05 +/- 0.10 mmol/L) than the control group (1.22 +/- 0.07 mmol/L; P < 0.0001). Moreover, serum ionized calcium concentrations in the group with the poor outcome (0.99 +/- 0.07 mmol/L) were lower than those in the group that made a full recovery (1.13 +/- 0.06 mmol/L; P=0.0016). CONCLUSIONS: The serum ionized calcium concentrations shortly after birth were significantly lower in neonates with HIE who had a poor outcome. Low concentrations may reflect multiple organ damage, particularly involving the brain.

Human cord blood leukocyte innate immune responses to defense collagens.

The innate immune system provides critical protection during initial infections before the generation of an appropriate adaptive (antibody or T cell mediated) immune response. These early defense mechanisms may be particularly critical for neonates in whom the adaptive immune system is not fully operational. Pattern recognition molecules target potential pathogens for destruction by the innate immune system, and likely facilitate the initiation of a pathogen-specific immune response. Defense collagens, such as C1q, MBL and SPA, comprise a family of such proteins that, via specific interactions with phagocytic cells, play a role in this first line of defense. To begin to assess the importance of these innate defense mechanisms in neonates, cord blood plasma and leukocytes were isolated, and responses to these components of the innate defense system were assessed. C1q enhanced the phagocytosis of targets suboptimally opsonized with either IgG or complement components, and this enhancement of phagocytosis was blocked by anti-CD93/C1qRP MAb by 57% to 68%. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that neonatal monocytes and neutrophils expressed CD93/C1qRP similarly to adult cells, with several-fold greater expression on monocytes than on neutrophils and essentially no expression on lymphocytes. Superoxide production in response to multivalent C1q by neonatal neutrophils was also comparable to adult cells. We also confirm that C1q and MBL are present in neonate circulation. Thus, the data demonstrate that these recognition and effector mechanisms of the innate system are functional in the newborn and similar to that of adult cells.

Low-coherence interferometer system for the simultaneous measurement of refractive index and thickness.

We have developed a low-coherence interferometer system used for the simultaneous measurement of refractive index n and thickness t of transparent plates. Both the phase index n(p) and group index n(g) can be determined automatically in a wide thickness range of from 10 microm to a few millimeters. Two unique techniques are presented to measure n(p), n(g), and t simultaneously. One allows us to determine n(p), n(g), and t accurately by using a special sample holder, in which the measurement accuracy is 0.3% for the thickness t above 0.1 mm. In the other technique the chromatic dispersion delta n of index is approximately expressed as a function of (n(p) - 1) on the basis of measured values of n(p) and n(g) for a variety of materials, and then the simultaneous measurement is performed with a normal sample holder. In addition, a measurement accuracy of less than 1% is achieved even when the sample is as thin as 20 microm. The measurement time is also 3 min or more.