Rare intercellular material transfer as a confound to interpreting inner retinal neuronal transplantation following internal limiting membrane disruption.

Intercellular cytoplasmic material transfer (MT) occurs between transplanted and developing photoreceptors and ambiguates cell origin identification in developmental, transdifferentiation, and transplantation experiments. Whether MT is a photoreceptor-specific phenomenon is unclear. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) replacement, through transdifferentiation or transplantation, holds potential for restoring vision in optic neuropathies. During careful assessment for MT following human stem cell-derived RGC transplantation into mice, we identified RGC xenografts occasionally giving rise to labeling of donor-derived cytoplasmic, nuclear, and mitochondrial proteins within recipient Müller glia. Critically, nuclear organization is distinct between human and murine retinal neurons, which enables unequivocal discrimination of donor from host cells. MT was greatly facilitated by internal limiting membrane disruption, which also augments retinal engraftment following transplantation. Our findings demonstrate that retinal MT is not unique to photoreceptors and challenge the isolated use of species-specific immunofluorescent markers for xenotransplant identification. Assessment for MT is critical when analyzing neuronal replacement interventions.

Crystal structure of (1'S,2'S,3S)-1'-benzoyl-2'-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-1-methyl-2',5',6',10b'-tetra-hydro-1'H-spiro-[indoline-3,3'-pyrrolo-[2,1-a]isoquinolin]-2-one.

In the title spiro compound, C34H30N2O3, the central pyrrolidine ring is fused with the tetra-hydro-iso-quinoline ring, both having distorted envelope conformations, with the flap atoms being C and N, respectively. The meth-oxy-phenyl group is attached to the pyrrolidine ring, and is disordered over two positions, with refined occupancies of 0.638 (6):0.362 (6) Å. The central pyrrolidine ring is inclined relative to the tetra-hydro-iso-quinoline group, such that the dihedral between the non-flap atoms of each ring system is 11.29 (7)°. The spiro-linkage creates a dihedral angle of 83.26 (5)° between the indolinone ring and the non-flap atoms of the pyrrolidine ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. For the major disorder component, these form C(11) chains that propagate parallel to the a axis.

Influence of chemically modified Luffa on the preparation of nanofiber and its biological evaluation for biomedical applications.

In the present investigation, the natural cellulose was extracted from Luffa cylindrica vegetable sponge by chemical modification. Both chemically modified and unmodified Luffa was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The chemically modified cellulose was used for the preparation of a nanofibrous scaffold using the electrospinning method. In order to achieve the uniform and bead free fibers with desired fiber diameter the parameters such as applied voltage, tip to collector distance, solution concentration were optimized. Different ratio of hydroxyapatite (HAP): polylactic acid (PLA) such as 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30 have been selected for the current evaluation and was compared with HAP-treated cellulose (TC)-PLA. With the increase in the concentration of HAP in the polymeric network, the diameter of the fiber was found to be thin with the high electric field. The functional group, phase formation and dielectric and mechanical properties of the developed nanofiber have been characterized by FTIR, XRD, mechanical property measurements, and SEM. From the results, we observed that the polymer composite developed with the ratio of 70:30 produces a bead free product with enhanced mechanical and bioactivity property by the formation of hydroxy carbonated apatite layer on the surface. All the nanofibrous scaffold fabricated with and without modification have shown good Cyto compatibility on MG-63 Osteoblast cell lines at 48 hr. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 610-620, 2019.

Implante imediato com a técnica Socket Shield ­ relato de uma complicação / Immediate implants according to Socket Shield technique ­ report of a complication

A técnica socket shield é descrita como a retenção parcial de uma raiz em combinação com a instalação imediata de implantes. Tem como justificativa principal a manutenção do tecido ósseo vestibular em áreas estéticas. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar um caso clínico no qual uma série de implantes foi instalado, entre eles, um de acordo com a técnica socket shield e descrever uma situação clínica observada. Em avaliação clínica e tomográfica, após um ano em função, observou-se o deslocamento do fragmento radicular com reabsorção da parede óssea vestibular, porém sem sintomatologia clínica ou perda de função do implante. A pressão exercida durante a instalação do implante provocou o deslocamento do remanescente dentário. Posteriormente, em acompanhamento de 3 anos, observou-se manutenção e estabilização do fragmento deslocado. Pode ser concluído que a pressão exercida durante a instalação do implante provocou o deslocamento gradativo do remanescente dentário mantido propositalmente durante a instalação de um dos implantes. Porém, a prótese implantossuportada manteve-se em função (AU).

Socket shield technique is described as the partial retention of a root fragment combined to the immediate installation of an implant. It is justified by the maintenance of bone tissue in aesthetic areas. The aim of this paper is to report a clinical case in which a series of implants was inserted, one of them according to the socket shield technique, and to describe a related complication. In a clinical and tomographic evaluation, after one year in function, it was observed the displacement of the root fragment with reabsorption of the vestibular bone wall, but with no clinical symptomatology or loss of implant function. Afterwards, in the 3-year follow-up, it was observed maintenance and stabilization of the displaced fragment. It can be concluded that there was a complication in the technique observed by the buccal displacement of the intentionally left root fragment during the insertion of one implant. Nevertheless, the implant supported prosthesis remained in function (AU).

Development of mechanically compliant 3D composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.

Cancellous bone region of the human native bone has the potential to bear significant mechanical loads. However, due to the following parameters such as low trabecular volume, more porosity, less thickness and more interconnectivity, cancellous bone is accessible to damage in accidents or when aging. This research led to the effective fabrication and engineering of cancellous region of the bone for its application in reconstruction or filling of bone voids after resection of large tumor mass. Scaffolds containing hydroxyapatite (HAp), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) (5% polymer and HAp concentrations) at different HAp: polymer composite ratios (50:50, 70:30 and 80:20), were fabricated by freeze-drying method using only water as solvent and ribose as crosslinker for the scaffolds. The fabricated scaffolds were characterized for its mechanical (compressive) strength, chemical properties using FT-IR and XRD analyses, swelling and degradation studies, confirmation of mineralization process by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7, 15 and 30 days, morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and biocompatibility properties by performing MTT analysis. From the combined interpretation of the above mentioned tests, it was proven that 80:20 ratio of HAp to polymers was found to be the most suitable scaffold in terms of its optimal properties for its use as bone graft material for trabecular bone. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3267-3274, 2018.

Adaptación y validación de instrumento para evaluar habilidades psicosociales y hábitos saludables en escolares / Instrument adaptation and validation to evaluate psychosocial skills and healthy habits in schoolchildren

Resumen Objetivo: Adaptar y validar un instrumento de evaluación sobre habilidades psicosociales para la vida y hábitos saludables en escolares de una localidad de Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: El estudio, transversal cuantitativo con enfoque empírico analítico no experimental, evaluó respuestas de escolares de 3° y 4° primaria con el instrumento adaptado y reconstruido para establecer calidad técnica de ítems, confiabilidad y validez del mismo. El instrumento (18 de habilidades psicosociales y 19 de hábitos saludables, más 4 ítems de identificación) fue de auto diligenciamiento con opción de respuesta dicotómica de Sí, No. Tuvo prueba de validez aparente con escolares de otras instituciones pares y prueba en 32 colegios públicos y fue analizada mediante el modelo de Rasch. Resultados: En total participaron 1.066 escolares. Los ítems de los dos constructos mostraron buen ajuste al modelo de Rasch, unidimensionalidad y medidas de confiabilidad y separación por encima de los valores recomendados; no hubo funcionamiento diferencial del ítem por sexo. Conclusión: El instrumento de 37 ítems presentó buenas propiedades de validez, confiabilidad y ajuste a Rasch, aunque no tiene suficientes ítems de alto nivel de dificultad, lo cual se podrá corregir en futuras aplicaciones.

Abstract Objective: To adapt and validate an evaluation tool on psychosocial skills for life and healthy habits in Schoolchildren from a locality in Bogota, Colombia. Materials and methods: This quantitative transversal with empirical analytical non-experimental approach study evaluated responses of schoolchildren in third and fourth grade of primary school with the instrument adapted and reconstructed to establish technical quality of items, reliability and validity of it. The instrument (18 psychosocial skills and 19 healthy habits, plus 4 identification items) was self-diligence with Yes, No dichotomous answer option. It had evidence of apparent validity with schoolchildren from other peer institutions and was tested at 32 Public schools and analyzed using the Rasch model. Results: 1,066 schoolchildren participated in total. The items of the two constructs showed a good fit to the Rasch model as well as unidimensionality, reliability and separation measures above the recommended values. There was no differential functioning of the item by sex. Conclusion: The instrument of 37 items presented good properties of validity, reliability and adjustment to Rasch; although it does not have enough items of high difficulty level, which can be corrected in future applications.

Reabilitação de maxila edêntula com técnica cirúrgica guiada flapless em carga imediata / Rehabilitation of the edentulous maxillary arch using an immediate, surgically guided flapless technique – a case report

Este relato de caso demonstra o uso de um sistema de cirurgia guiada sem retalho para colocação de uma prótese em carga imediata. Uma paciente do gênero feminino, 38 anos de idade, compareceu à clínica com queixas estéticas e funcionais. Inicialmente, os dentes remanescentes na mandíbula foram extraídos e uma prótese implantossuportada foi instalada. Na maxila, após o enceramento diagnóstico, tomografias computadorizadas feixe cônico (TCFC) foram realizadas uma tomografia da paciente com o guia tomográfico em posição e um escaneamento apenas do guia. As imagens foram fundidas em um software específico, e o planejamento virtual foi realizado. Seis implantes de titânio com conexão cone-morse foram instalados (torque final 32 Ncm), conectados aos minipilares, e o processo de moldagem foi finalizado. A infraestrutura desenhada recebeu a prótese maxilar definitiva através de um processo de cimentação passiva (Panavia) dos cilindros de titânio, em carga imediata. Após três meses, foram realizados exames clínicos e uma nova radiografia panorâmica. A prótese foi removida e os implantes foram testados individualmente. Todos os implantes apresentaram-se osseointegrados, sem sinais e sintomas irreversíveis ou persistentes (dor, infecção, neuropatias, parestesia ou mobilidade) e sem evidência de radioluminescência peri-implantar. Dentro das limitações do caso e mediante indicação clínica adequada, a técnica de carga imediata com cirurgia sem retalho fornece excelentes resultados estéticos, reduzindo o tempo cirúrgico e os sintomas pós-operatórios, ao mesmo tempo em que preserva maior quantidade de tecido.

This case report demonstrates the use of flapless guided surgery for immediate implant placement and loading. A female, 38 years-old patient was referred with claims of poor esthetics and function. First, all remaining mandibular teeth were extracted and an implant-supported prosthesis delivered. For the maxillary arch, CBCTs were made based on the diagnostic wax-up, with and without the tomographic guide. Images were superimposed with the aid of an specifi c software, and the virtual planning was made. Six cone-morse dental titanium implants (32 Ncm torque) were installed and connected to mini-abutments for impression procedures. The designed framework received the definative prosthesis through passive cementation (Panavia) using titanium cylinders under immediate loading. Latter, the prosthesis was removed and all implants tested individually, showing osseointegration and no signs of irreversible or persistent symptoms (pain, infection, neuropathies, paresthesia, or mobility) or peri-implant radiolucency were seen. Within the limits of this case and following adequate clinical indication, the fl apless guided surgery with immediate implant loading provided excellent esthetic results, shortening the surgical time and postoperative discomfort, while also allowing for more tissue preservation

Impact of five years of peer-mediated interventions on sexual behavior and sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya.

BACKGROUND: Since 2000, peer-mediated interventions among female sex workers (FSW) in Mombasa Kenya have promoted behavioural change through improving knowledge, attitudes and awareness of HIV serostatus, and aimed to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infection (STI) by facilitating early STI treatment. Impact of these interventions was evaluated among those who attended peer education and at the FSW population level. METHODS: A pre-intervention survey in 2000, recruited 503 FSW using snowball sampling. Thereafter, peer educators provided STI/HIV education, condoms, and facilitated HIV testing, treatment and care services. In 2005, data were collected using identical survey methods, allowing comparison with historical controls, and between FSW who had or had not received peer interventions. RESULTS: Over five years, sex work became predominately a full-time activity, with increased mean sexual partners (2.8 versus 4.9/week; P < 0.001). Consistent condom use with clients increased from 28.8% (145/503) to 70.4% (356/506; P < 0.001) as well as the likelihood of refusing clients who were unwilling to use condoms (OR = 4.9, 95%CI = 3.7-6.6). In 2005, FSW who received peer interventions (28.7%, 145/506), had more consistent condom use with clients compared with unexposed FSW (86.2% versus 64.0%; AOR = 3.6, 95%CI = 2.1-6.1). These differences were larger among FSW with greater peer-intervention exposure. HIV prevalence was 25% (17/69) in FSW attending > or = 4 peer-education sessions, compared with 34% (25/73) in those attending 1-3 sessions (P = 0.21). Overall HIV prevalence was 30.6 (151/493) in 2000 and 33.3% (166/498) in 2005 (P = 0.36). CONCLUSION: Peer-mediated interventions were associated with an increase in protected sex. Though peer-mediated interventions remain important, higher coverage is needed and more efficacious interventions to reduce overall vulnerability and risk.

Valoración del dolor neonatal: una experiencia clínica / Neonatal Pain Assessments a Clinical Experience

El propósito del estudio fue aplicar la escala de valoración de la intensidad de dolor de Susan Givens Bell en la UCI Neonatal. Se valoró la intensidad del dolor de 47 neonatos de la Unidad Neonatal de la Fundación Cardio Infantil, sometidos a punciones arteriovenosas y de talón utilizando la escala antes y después de los procedimientos. La información se procesó por medio del paquete estadístico SPSS, y se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas Anova 1 Factor y la U Mann Whithey para variables no paramétricas, que generó una significancia estadística de p < 0,05. Encontrándose una relación entre los signos fisiológicos y conductuales sobre el total de la escala. Se concluyó que la escala de Susan Givens es adecuada para la valoración del dolor en neonatos, ya que se obtienen probabilidades significativas del 95,7 por ciento.