RESUMO
Resumen: ANTECEDENTES: Los fármacos que tienen polimorfismo, como la rifaximina, pueden tener diferencias farmacocinéticas según el polimorfo. La rifaximina polimorfa-α (alfa) es un antibiótico no absorbible. OBJETIVO: Investigar si la farmacocinética de la rifaximina de referencia (α) es distinta de la de una rifaximina genérica en el mercado mexicano. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo experimental del polimorfo con difracción de rayos X, su perfil de solubilidad y la farmacocinética de una dosis única de 100 mg/ kg de cada rifaximina administrada por vía oral en perros Beagle. RESULTADOS: La rifaximina de referencia fue polimorfo-α (alfa) y la rifaximina genérica resultó polimorfo-к (kappa). El perfil de solubilidad fue diferente porque el polimorfo-к fue más soluble que el α. La concentración plasmática máxima (Cmáx), la concentración durante 24 horas (AUC0-t) y la biodisponibilidad relativa fueron 8 a 10 veces mayores con rifaximina genérica (к) que con la de referencia (α). CONCLUSIÓN: La rifaximina genérica estudiada tiene farmacocinética distinta del producto de referencia y no puede considerarse del todo un antibiótico no absorbible. Se discuten las posibles implicaciones terapéuticas, especialmente en la seguridad.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Drugs with polimorphism, as rifaximin, may have different pharmacokinetic depending on the polymorph. Rifaximin polymorph-α (alfa) is a non-absorbable antibiotic. OBJECTIVE: To investigate if pharmacokinetic of reference rifaximin (α) is different from a generic rifaximin of the Mexican market. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective experimental study was done assessing polymorphism with X-ray diffraction, solubility test and pharmacokinetics in Beagle dogs after unique oral dose of 100 mg/kg of each rifaximin. RESULTS: Reference rifaximin was a polymorph-α (alfa), while generic rifaximin resulted a polymorph-к (kappa). Solubility profile of both was different, solubility of generic was major than reference rifaximin. Plasma peak concentration (Cmax), area under curve (AUC0-t) and relative bioavailability were 8 to 10 folds higher with generic rifaximin (к) than reference drug (α). CONCLUSION: Generic rifaximin has a different pharmacokinetic from the reference rifaximin and the former cannot be considered a non-absorbable antibiotic.
RESUMO
Conventional chemotherapy treatments for pancreatic cancer are mainly palliative. RNA interference (RNAi)-based drugs present the potential for a new targeted treatment. LOcal Drug EluteR (LODER(TM)) is a novel biodegradable polymeric matrix that shields drugs against enzymatic degradation and releases small interfering RNA (siRNA) against G12D-mutated KRAS (siG12D). siG12D-LODER has successfully passed a phase 1/2a clinical trial. Such a formulation necessitates biocompatibility and safety studies. We describe the safety and toxicity studies with siG12D-LODER in 192 Hsd:Sprague Dawley rats, after repeated subcutaneous administrations (days 1, 14, and 28). Animals were sacrificed on days 29 and 42 (recovery phase). In all groups, no adverse effects were noted, and all animals showed favorable local and systemic tolerability. Histopathologically, LODER implantation resulted in the expected capsule formation, composed of a thin fibrotic tissue. On the interface between the cavity and the capsule, a single layer composed of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells was observed. No difference was noted between the placebo and siG12D-LODER groups. These findings provide valuable information for future preclinical studies with siRNA-bearing biodegradable polymers and for the safety aspects of RNAi-based drugs as a targeted therapy.
