RESUMO
Background: Heart transplantation is a major procedure which imposes high emotional stress on patients. Illness perception (IP) is a psychological issue which affects psychological adjustment after transplantation. This study aimed to investigate the association between IP and emotional status in Iranian post-heart transplantation patients. Methods: The present cross-sectional study, conducted between 2018 and 2019 in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, recruited 121 post-heart transplantation patients. IP was measured using the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ), and emotional status was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The association between IP and depression/anxiety was assessed. Results: Men comprised 80.2% of the study population. The mean age of the participants was 43.9±12.95 years. Definite caseness for depression and anxiety was reported in 11.6% and 18.2% of the participants, respectively. The median score of IP was 55. The association between anxiety and IP in total IP and the 3 dimensions of IP was statically significant (P=0.015, P=0.018, P=0.002, and P=0.023 for the cognition, emotion, and understanding dimensions and the total IPQ, respectively). Additionally, the association between depression and IP was significant (P=0.001, P=0.029, and P=0.002 for the cognition and emotion dimensions and the total IPQ, correspondingly, except for the understanding dimension). Furthermore, lower levels of anxiety in the patients showed a greater impact on IP than did depression. Conclusion: There was a significant association between IP and depression and anxiety in our study population. Therefore, the diagnosis and management of anxiety and depression in heart transplantation patients may improve IP. The cross-sectional design of the present study precluded an investigation of the causality between IP and emotional status.
RESUMO
Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a major treatment of catatonia; and catatonia development during electroconvulsive therapy is a highly surprising phenomenon. We present a patient with bipolar disorder who developed catatonia during ECT. Case Reports : A 21-year-old woman, with a known case of bipolar disorder in manic phase without psychotic feature, history of long acting antipsychotic use, and severe B12 deficiency, was treated with ECT. Full catatonia syndrome developed after the fifth session of ECT. Conclusion: In rare cases, catatonia can develop during ECT course in the presence of some precipitating factors. Thus, these precipitating factors should be eliminated as much as possible before the start of ECT course to prevent catatonia development.
