Exploring Officer Arrest Discretion Following State Policy Changes in Intimate Partner Violence.

In 2015, South Carolina passed the Domestic Violence Reform Act giving officers increased arrest discretion and rescinding mandatory arrest laws for intimate partner violence (IPV). Analyses using incident reports (2016/2017) from South Carolina show that officers primarily rely on the presence of five variables to determine arrest: children, injury, property destruction, offender at scene, and weapons. Cases with Black female victims are more likely to result in arrest, suggesting that Black males are being criminalized. We conclude that officers are reluctant to use individual discretion and rely on a form of structured discretion provided by administrators that shapes local culture and decision-making.

The use of technology and perceptions of its effectiveness in training physicians.

BACKGROUND: Technology has been incorporated into the classrooms of future healthcare professionals for decades and vast research has investigated its effectiveness. Much less attention, however, has examined how medical schools are actually using technology and telemedicine to aid teaching. AIMS: It is unclear how medical schools use technology as pedagogical aids. This study investigates technology and telemedicine use in physician training in the United States. METHODS: We distributed an online survey on technology and telemedicine use through the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine and the Association of American Medical Colleges. RESULTS: Both allopathic and osteopathic institutions train students with various forms of technology, but appear to be doing so differently. Few schools use telemedicine in the classroom and even fewer require it. CONCLUSION: Osteopathic institutions report more positive attitudes toward e-learning and technology, but allopathic schools on an average have more technology available and longer years of use.

Does one medical school's admission policy help a rural state "grow their own" physicians?

CONTEXT: The University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMC) has been the only medical school in the state since its inception in 1955 (until the 2008 establishment of the William Carey College of Osteopathic Medicine, yet to graduate its first class). Recruiting out-of-state physicians is difficult in Mississippi, and stakeholders frequently talk of "growing our own" physicians, especially challenging with a single public medical school. PURPOSE: This study investigates: (1) the proportion of a recent (1990-1999) cohort of UMC graduates practicing in Mississippi, (2) the proportion of all practicing Mississippi physicians who are UMC grads, (3) whether UMC graduates are more likely to practice in rural, small towns, or geographically isolated areas than other physicians, and (4) whether UMC graduates are more likely to recommend Mississippi as a practice location to new medical school graduates. METHODS: Using Mississippi Board of Medical Licensure data (2009) and Mississippi Medical Doctors survey data (2007-2008), we employ GIS, logistic regression, and multinomial logistic regression models. We also use qualitative methods to examine interviews from purposefully sampled minority and/or female Mississippi physicians from the Mississippi Medical Doctors survey. FINDINGS: Approximately 56% of UMC 1990-1999 cohort grads are practicing in Mississippi. Moreover, UMC graduates--of any year--constitute about 58% of Mississippi's practicing physicians. UMC graduates are not more likely to practice in rural, small towns, or geographically isolated areas in Mississippi than physicians who graduated elsewhere. Controlling for other factors, UMC grads are not more likely to recommend practicing in Mississippi than physicians trained elsewhere. CONCLUSION: Health educators and policy makers should consider broadening UMC's enrollment policies, and greater emphasis should be placed on recruiting physicians.