Variation in the Socioeconomic Gradient of Obesity by Ethnicity - England's National Child Measurement Programme.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the prevalence and risk of overweight/obesity among expanded ethnicity categories within boys and girls in England and the differential influence of socioeconomic position using the 2015/2016 and the 2016/2017 cycles of the National Child Measurement Programme. METHODS: This cross-sectional and descriptive study examined surveillance data of weight status among primary school children in England. Data were pooled across data collection years, representing 1.25 million children in Reception (aged 4-5 years) and 1.1 million children in Year 6 (aged 10-11 years). Ethnicity was classified according to National Health Service definitions, and child residence was used to calculate quintiles of Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index. Measured weight status was classified using the International Obesity Task Force's definition. Logistic regression models were run for each sex and year group. RESULTS: Within each sex, ethnicity- and socioeconomic-specific differentials in overweight/obesity prevalence were evident. For example, among the five most populous ethnic groups in the most deprived quintile, 26.8% of White British girls in Reception had overweight/obesity compared with 20.7% of girls with Pakistani, 31.2% with Black African, 17.1% with Indian, and 22.2% with any Any Other White (e.g., White European) background. CONCLUSIONS: Ethnicity had an independent influence on overweight/obesity risk after adjustment for socioeconomic position.

Guidelines for city action on alcohol / by Shireen Mathrani

In support of local action, the WHO Regional Office for Europe has set up a Multi-City Action Plan (MCAP) on Alcohol, as part of the WHO Healthy Cities project. The cities involved in the MCAP on Alcohol agree to share experience, develop expertise and provide examples of good practice to other cities within and outside of the project. They work to an agreed joint plan of action and time-frame. Essentially they form a network of cities across Europe, committed to taking positive action on the prevention of alcohol-related problems. This document consists of practical guidelines which have been prepared as an aid to cities in Europe that may be interested in taking action on alcohol at the municipal level. The guidelines incorporate the experience of several MCAP cities, as well as Florence in Italy and Oxford in the United Kingdom. They are based on A guide to alcohol action which was written as a result of a two-year project in Oxford