Genetic Modulation of HPV Infection and Cervical Lesions: Role of Oxidative Stress-Related Genes.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary but not sufficient factor for the development of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) and high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Oxidative stress is known to play a crucial role in HPV infection and carcinogenesis. In this study, we comprehensively investigate the modulation of HPV infection, HSIL and ICC, and ICC through an exploration of oxidative stress-related genes: CßS, MTHFR, NOS3, ACE1, CYBA, HAP, ACP1, GSTT1, GSTM1, and CYP1A1. Notably, the ACE1 gene emerges as a prominent factor with the presence of the I allele offering protection against HPV infection. The association of NOS3 with HPV infection is perceived with the 4a allele showing a protective effect. The presence of the GSTT1 null mutant correlates with increased susceptibility to HPV infection, HSIL and ICC, and ICC. This study also uncovers intriguing epistatic interactions among some of the genes that further accentuate their roles in disease modulation. Indeed, the epistatic interactions between the BB genotype (ACP1) and DD genotype (ECA1) were shown to increase the risk of HPV infection, and the interaction between BB (ACP1) and 0.0 (GSTT1) was associated with HPV infection and cervical lesions. These findings underscore the pivotal role of four oxidative stress-related genes in HPV-associated cervical lesions and cancer development, enriching our clinical understanding of the genetic influences on disease manifestation. The awareness of these genetic variations holds potential clinical implications.

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil from the Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. Ex Hayne (jatobá-do-cerrado) fruit peel.

This study investigated the chemical composition and the antifungal activity of the essential oil extracted from the Hymenaea stigonocarpa fruit peel (HSFPEO) against Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Aspergillus flavus and Colletotrichum truncatum. The HSFPEO obtained through hydrodistillation was analyzed with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The antifungal activity was determined by the mean mycelial growth inhibition of the fungus treated with essential oils and growth control. The major constituents of HSFPEO were spathulenol (25.19%) and caryophyllene oxide (13.33%). HSFPEO demonstrated antifungal activity against all fungi tested in all concentrations evaluated in a dose-dependent behavior. The best results were observed against B. cinerea and A. flavus, in which the lowest concentration tested inhibited more than 70% of mycelial growth. Based on the current knowledge, this study describes for the first time the chemical composition and the antifungal activity of HSFPEO against the phytopathogenic fungi B. cinerea and C. truncatum.

The Paramount Importance of Renal Dysfunction in Heart Failure Prognosis - Results from the REFERENCE study / La importancia primordial de la disfunción renal en el pronóstico de la insuficiencia cardíaca - Resultados del estudio REFERENCE

Aims: In heart failure patients renal dysfunction represents impaired tissue perfusion. We investigated the association of customarily used renal function parameters with short-term prognosis in patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure in class III or IV of New York Heart Association. Material and Methods: Univariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the relationship between variables and outcomes. Survival curves were designed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: We followed 65 patients for a median of 13.7 (Q1-Q3 6.7-18.9) months. Variables associated with an increased risk for short-term rehospitalization were baseline urea (HR: 1.098, 95% CI: 1.022-1.179, P-value=0.01), admission urea (HR: 1.048, 95% CI: 1.013-1.084, P-value=0.006), baseline creatinine (HR: 1.111, 95% CI: 1.004-1.229, P-value=0.041), admission creatinine (HR: 1.047, 95% CI: 1.005-1.092, P-value=0.027) and admission glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min (HR: 3.535, 95% CI: 1.467-8.518, P-value=0.005). Increased risk for short-term mortality was associated with baseline urea (HR: 1.145, 95% CI: 1.032-1.270, P-value=0.010), admission urea (HR: 1.076, 95% CI: 1.021-1.135, P-value=0.006), baseline creatinine (HR: 1.157, 95% CI: 1.009-1.328, P value=0.037), admission creatinine (HR: 1.127, 95% CI: 1.055-1.204, P-value<0.001) and admission glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min (HR: 9.791, 95% CI: 2.855-33.580, P-value<0.001). Variables associated with an increased risk for end of follow-up mortality were admission urea (HR: 1.056, 95% CI: 1.019-1.094, P-value=0.003), admission creatinine (HR: 1.104, 95% CI: 1.054-1.156, P- value<0.001) and admission glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min (HR: 3.906, 95% CI: 1.7208.871, P- value=0.001). Conclusion: Renal dysfunction was a reliable predictor of worse prognosis as several parameters correlated with short-term prognosis. (AU)

Introducción: En la insuficiencia cardíaca, la disfunción renal representa hipoperfusión tisular. Investigamos la asociación entre parámetros utilizados cotidianamente y el pronóstico precoz de enfermos ingresados por insuficiencia cardíaca descompensada en clase III o IV de la New York Heart Association. Material y métodos: Aplicamos el modelo de riesgo proporcional de Univariante Cox y curvas de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: La mediana de seguimiento de los 65 enfermos fue de 13.7 (Q1-Q3 6.7-18.9) meses. Se correlacionaron con el reingreso precoz la urea basal (HR: 1.098, 95% CI: 1.022-1.179, P-value=0.01), la urea al ingreso (HR: 1.048, 95% CI: 1.013-1.084, P-value=0.006), la creatinina basal (HR: 1.111, 95% CI: 1.004-1.229, P-value=0.041), creatinina al ingreso (HR: 1.047, 95% CI: 1.005-1.092, P-value=0.027) y la tasa de filtración glomerular <30 mL/min al ingreso <30 mL/min (HR: 3.535, 95% CI: 1.467-8.518, P-value=0.005). El riesgo de mortalidad precoz se correlacionó con la urea basal (HR: 1.145, 95% CI: 1.032-1.270, P-value=0.010), la urea al ingreso (HR: 1.076, 95% CI: 1.021-1.135, P-value=0.006), la creatinina basal (HR: 1.157, 95% CI: 1.009-1.328, P value=0.037), creatinina al ingreso (HR: 1.127, 95% CI: 1.055-1.204, P-value<0.001) y la tasa de filtración glomerular <30 mL/min al ingreso <30 mL/min (HR: 9.791, 95% CI: 2.855-33.580, P-value<0.001). Se correlacionarón con la mortalidad al final del seguimiento la urea al ingreso (HR: 1.056, 95% CI: 1.019-1.094, P-value=0.003), la creatinina al ingreso (HR: 1.104, 95% CI: 1.054-1.156, P- value<0.001) y la tasa de filtración glomerular <30 mL/min al ingreso (HR: 3.906, 95% CI: 1.7208.871, P- value=0.001). Conclusiones: La disfunción renal fue un predictor de peor pronóstico precoz. (AU)

Limonoids and insecticidal activity on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Trichilia catigua A. Juss. (Meliaceae).

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of the seeds, exocarp and aril extracts from Trichilia catigua A. Juss. (Meliaceae) against Spodoptera frugiperda and present the phytochemical study carried out with the aril extract of T. catigua. Limonoids were isolated from the aril of T. catigua through chromatographic techniques and their structures were proposed by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. The effects of the seeds, exocarp and aril extracts from T. catigua against S. frugiperda were evaluated considering as parameters the duration and mortality of the larval phase, in addition to the pupal weight. Phytochemical investigation of the aril extracts of T. catigua has led to the identification of the limonoids 6α-O-acetyl-7-deacetyl-14,15-dihydro-15-oxo-nimocinol (1), cedrelone (2) and 6α-O-acetyl-7-deacetylnimocinol (3). The hexane and CH2Cl2 extracts of the aril showed a high rate of larval mortality (100 and 90%, respectively). In addition, a prolongation of larval phase and a reduction in the pupal weight were observed for insects treated with hexane, CH2Cl2 and methanol extracts of seeds and with CH2Cl2 extract of exocarp of T. catigua.

The interplay between HPV, other Sexually Transmissible Infections and genital microbiome on cervical microenvironment (MicroCervixHPV study).

Background: The importance of Cervicovaginal Microbiota in protecting against infections (such as HPV) is already well established, namely through Lactobacillus spp., as well as the mechanism through which HPV leads to Cervical Neoplasia. However, it is not possible to classify HPV as a complete carcinogen. Thus, the importance of exploring Cervicovaginal dysbiosis with the intention of deciphering this interaction with HPV, takes on greater relevance. The main objectives of this study were: 1) Comparison of the MCV composition of women with or without HPV and women with ASCUS or LSIL; 2) Characterization of cytokines present in the vaginal microenvironment; 3) Evaluation of the blood count ratios as prognostic systemic inflammatory biomarkers; 4) Correlation between MCV, HPV serotypes and cytokines. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study. CVM analysis was performed by isolation RNA and sequencing on a NGS platform. Cytokine concentrations of CVM were obtained through Multiplex platform. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS v 26.0. An α of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Highlighting the core of the study, CVM types of CST I and CST IV were found to influence the emergence of cervical lesions. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio was found to impact the prognosis of ASCUS. Within CVM, Lactobacillus prevent the growth of other CST IV species, while the latter express symbiotic relationships with each other and show affinity for specific HPV serotypes. At last, RANTES chemokine is significantly elevated in cervicovaginal infections. Conclusion: The importance of using vaginal cytokine profiles and CVM is highlighted in the hypothesis of prevention of Cervical Neoplasia development, as well as in its use as a prognostic biomarker. Taken together, these insights are one step closer to personalized medicine.

Consumo de antibióticos em regime ambulatório: panorama português 2015-2018

A resistência a antibióticos torna-se cada vez mais um problema preocupante em matéria de saúde pública. O elevado consumo de antibióticos para fins terapêuticos e profiláticos, nomeadamente quando usados inadequadamente, é um dos fatores que mais promove a resistência a agentes antimicrobianos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a evolução do consumo de antibióticos em Portugal continental estimado a partir da prescrição médica e é expresso em DDD, forma agrupada por região, com destaque para alguns distritos, entre 2015 e 2018. Trata-se de um estudo observacional e descritivo que tem por base dados da Autoridade Nacional do Medicamento e Produtos de Saúde, I.P (Infarmed). Como principais resultados se verificou que o consumo total de antibióticos no período 2015-2018 variou entre 71.613.882,21 DDD e 73.143.461,37 DDD, o que representa um crescimento de a 2,1%, crescendo assim o uso de beta-lactâmicos (J01C), sulfonamidas (J01E), macrólidos (J01F), aminoglicosídeos (J01G) e outras antibactérias (J01X). Destaca-se ainda uma grande redução do uso de quinolonas (J01M) com -18% e uma redução mais discreta das tetraciclinas (J01A) em 3,1%. Como principais conclusões verificou-se um aumento do uso de antibióticos no ambulatório em Portugal com um pico de consumo que alcançou 75.660.771,43 DDD em 2017. No ano seguinte registou-se uma redução do consumo em 3,3%, dando sinais de uma trajetória descendente. Contudo, o valor em 2018 apesar da redução é ainda elevado, sendo por isso necessário reforçar a promoção do uso racional dos antibióticos junto dos utentes e de cada médico prescritor.

Concomitant Nitrofurantoin-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis and Interstitial Lung Disease.

Antibiotics are known to cause adverse reactions, but multiple organ involvement associated with nonspecific symptoms can lead to a delay in diagnosis. A definitive correlation between each toxin and its effects is difficult to establish due to concomitant potential toxins in the circulation. This article highlights an uncommon case of concomitant nitrofurantoin-induced autoimmune hepatitis and lung fibrosis that fulfills the definitive clinical criteria for diagnosis, presenting histological, imagiological, and immunological evidence of nitrofurantoin-induced toxicity. It occurred in a 68-year-old woman with extended nitrofurantoin intake for urinary tract infection prophylaxis who presented with progressive exercise dyspnea and jaundice. Similar published cases are also reviewed in this article.

Os antibióticos são causas conhecidas de reações adversas, mas o envolvimento multiorgânico associado à sintomatologia inespecífica pode conduzir ao atraso diagnóstico. Devido às potenciais toxinas concomitantemente em circulação, é muitas vezes difícil estabelecer uma correlação definitiva entre cada toxina e os seus efeitos.Este artigo salienta um caso incomum de hepatite autoimune e fibrose pulmonar induzidas pela nitrofurantoína e que cumpre critérios definitivos de diagnóstico, apresentando-se dados histológicos, imagiológicos e imunológicos da toxicidade induzida pela nitrofurantoína.O caso ocorre numa mulher de 68 anos de idade, com toma prolongada de nitrofurantoína como profilaxia de infeção urinária, e que se apresenta com dispneia de esforço progressiva e icterícia. O artigo faz ainda uma revisão de casos semelhantes publicados.

Parámetros hematológicos descuidados en el pronóstico dela insuficiencia cardíaca-Evidencia del estudio REFERENCE / Neglected hematological parameters in heart failure prognosis – Disclosures from the REFERENCE study

Aims: In heart failure patients, anemia and iron deficiency are predictors of poor outcome. We studied the association of anemia, iron deficiency and relatedhematological parameters with short-term rehospitalization, short-term all-cause mortality and end of follow-up all-cause mortality in heart failure patients.Material and Methods: Anemia, iron deficiency, red cell distribution width and erythropoietin were assessed in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure.Univariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the relationship between variables and outcomes.Results: 65 patients were followed for a median of 13.7 (Q1-Q3 6.7-18.9) months. Mean age was 79.2 (SD 10.8) years. The mean left ventricular ejectionfraction was 50.38 ± 19.07 %. Variables associated with an increased risk for short-term rehospitalization were red cell distribution width (HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.16-1.58), anemia (HR 3.81; 95% CI 1.29-11.28) and anemia with iron deficiency (HR 3.50; 95% CI 1.30-9.38). Increased risk for short-term mortality was associatedwith red cell distribution width (HR 1.83; 95% CI 1.29-2.59), erythropoietin (HR 1.38; 95% CI 1.04-1.82), absolute iron deficiency (HR 7.22; 95% CI 1.50-34.81)and anemia with iron deficiency (HR 4.48; 95% CI 1.26-15.88). Variables associated with increased risk for end of follow-up mortality were red cell distributionwidth (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.12-1.54) and erythropoietin (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.11-1.49).Conclusions: Conclusions: Anemia and red cell distribution width correlated with higher risk for short-term rehospitalization. Absolute iron deficiency, red celldistribution width and erythropoietin were associated with higher risk for short-term mortality. Red cell distribution width and erythropoietin were associatedwith higher risk for end of follow-up mortality. (AU)

Enfermedad de Still Del Adulto y Síndrome de Schnitzler: ¿formasdistintas del mismo espectro de enfermedad? Un caso de urticariay fiebre recurrente en el anciano / Adult-Onset Still’s Disease and Schnitzler Syndrome: distinct forms of the same disorder spectrum? – a case of recurrent urticaria with fever in the elderly

Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) and Schnitzler syndrome (SchS) are rare, not fully understood, multisystemic and autoinflammatory disorders, with a challenging differential diagnosis. The authors report the case of an elderly man with unexplained fever, arthralgia, weight loss, spleen enlargement, lymphadenopathy,anemia, hyperferritinemia and IgG monoclonal gammopathy. Autoimmunity, infection, haematological disease and malignancy were excluded. The clinicalspectrum fulfilled both AOSD diagnostic criteria and IgG-variant SchS Strasbourg criteria. Symptom resolution was achieved with immunosuppressive therapy,supporting the diagnosis of an autoinflammatory disorder, a diagnostic challenge for the medical team emerging as an unexpected cause of fever in the elderly. (AU)

Insecticidal activity of copper (II) complexes with flavanone derivatives.

In this work, we describe the insecticidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda of flavanone derivatives (naringin, naringenin and hesperidin) complexed to copper (II). For the assays, the compounds were incorporated into an artificial diet and offered to S. frugiperda during its larval period. The duration of larval and pupal phases, the weight of pupae and the percentage of dead insects at the end of the larval phase were evaluated. Among the tested compounds, the free flavanones 1 and 3 and the complexes 4 and 6 showed a shortening of the larval phase when compared to the control. Complex 9 showed the highest toxicity, with 96.66% larval mortality. This is the first report on the insecticidal activity of the Cu2+ complexes of the flavanones naringin, naringenin and hesperidin.[Formula: see text].

Aplicação de terapia por pressão negativa adaptada em lesão por queimadura no norte do Brasil: Relato de caso / Application of low cost negative pressure therapy in burn injury in northern Brazil: Case report

OBJETIVO: Relatar um caso clínico ocorrido em um Centro de Referência de Tratamento de Queimados, submetido a terapia por pressão negativa (TPN) adaptada com materiais hospitalares durante o período de internação, visando a cicatrização mais eficaz da lesão. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente de 47 anos de idade, sexo masculino, vítima de queimadura por descarga elétrica, apresentando lesão em pé direito, região submetida há 16 dias de tratamento por TPN adaptada, tendo como resultado a cicatrização da lesão sem necessidade de enxertia. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: A aplicação de TPN adaptada demonstrou ser um importante alicerce na cicatrização da lesão, permitindo como resultados a redução da planimetria da lesão, aumento do tecido de granulação, redução do esfacelo, além da aproximação das bordas.

OBJECTIVE: To report a clinical case that occurred in Reference Center for Burn Treatment, submitted to negative pressure therapy (NPT) adapted with hospital materials during the period of hospitalization, aiming at a more effective wound healing. CASE REPORT: 47-year-old male patient, victim of burns caused by electrical discharge, presenting a lesion in the right foot, region submitted to 16 days of treatment with adapted NPT, resulting in healing of the lesion without the need for grafting. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the application of adapted not proved to be an important foundation in the healing of the lesion, resulting in a reduction in the planimetry of the lesion, an increase in granulation tissue, a reduction in slough, in addition to approximation of the edges.

Arginine and Arginases Modulate Metabolism, Tumor Microenvironment and Prostate Cancer Progression.

Arginine availability and activation of arginine-related pathways at cancer sites have profound effects on the tumor microenvironment, far beyond their well-known role in the hepatic urea cycle. Arginine metabolism impacts not only malignant cells but also the surrounding immune cells behavior, modulating growth, survival, and immunosurveillance mechanisms, either through an arginase-mediated effect on polyamines and proline synthesis, or by the arginine/nitric oxide pathway in tumor cells, antitumor T-cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and macrophages. This review presents evidence concerning the impact of arginine metabolism and arginase activity in the prostate cancer microenvironment, highlighting the recent advances in immunotherapy, which might be relevant for prostate cancer. Even though further research is required, arginine deprivation may represent a novel antimetabolite strategy for the treatment of arginine-dependent prostate cancer.

Insuficiencia Cardíaca: una Enfermedad Maligna Conclusiones del Estudio REFERENCE / Heart Failure a Malignant Disease- Insights from the REFERENCE Study

Aims: Heart failure (HF) short-term prognosis persists poor. We studied the rate of short-term readmission due to HF, short-term all-cause mortality and end of follow-up all-cause mortality. Material and Methods: We assessed patients admitted with acuteHF in class III or IV of NYHA. Univariate Cox proportional hazard model was performed. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test for readmission days post-discharge. Results: We followed 65 patients for a median of 13.7 (Q1-Q3 6.7-18.9) months. The 30-day post-discharge readmission rate was 13.8%, the 90-day post-discharge readmission percentage was 33.8% and year readmission rate 61.5%. The 30-day mortality rate was 10.8% and 90- day mortality was 18.5%. Year mortality rate was 36.9% and 40% of the patients were deceased by the end of the follow-up. Length of stay (LOS) correlated with short-term readmission in the general population (HR: 1.022, 95% CI: 1.009-1.036, P value<0.001) and in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction patients (HFrEF) (HR: 1.029, 95% CI: 1.008-1.050, Pvalue=0.006). The number of hospitalizations correlated with short-term readmission in the general population (HR: 1.543, 95% CI: 1.224-1.945, P- value<0.001) and in the Heart Failure with Mid-Range Ejection Fraction subgroup (HFmrEF) (HR: 2.814, 95% CI: 1.075-7.365, P- value=0.035). In the Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) subgroup both the LOS per specific admission (HR: 1.063, 95% CI: 1.006-1.123, P value=0.030) and the accumulated LOS for all admissions (HR: 1.051, 95% CI: 1.008-1.095, P value=0.019) were associated with end of followup mortality... (AU)

Introducción: La insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) tiene un mal pronóstico a corto plazo. Estudiamos las tasas de reingreso precoz por IC, mortalidad global precoz y mortalidad global al final del seguimiento. Material y métodos: Evaluamos a enfermos ingresados por IC descompensada en clase III o IV de la NYHA. Se utilizó el modelo de riesgo proporcional de Univariante Cox. Se aplicó el método de Kaplan-Meier para obtener curvas de supervivencia para dias de reingreso pós-alta e se comparó al log-rank test. Resultados: La mediana de seguimiento de los 65 enfermos fue de 13.7 (Q1-Q3 6.7-18.9) meses. La tasa de reingreso a los 30 días del alta fue del 13.8%, a los 90 días del alta fue del 33.8% y la tasa anual fue del 61.5%. La mortalidad a los 30 días del alta fue del 10.8% y del 18.5% a los 90 días. La mortalidad anual fue del 36.9% y al final del seguimiento del 40%. La duración del ingreso se correlacionó con el reingreso precoz en la población general (HR: 1.022, 95% CI: 1.009-1.036, P-value<0.001) y en el subgrupo con fracción de eyección reducida (HR: 1.029, 95% CI: 1.008-1050, P-value=0.006). El número de ingresos fue un marcador de mal pronóstico para el reingreso precoz en la población general (HR: 1.543, 95% CI: 1.224-1.945, P-value<0.001) y en el subgrupo con fracción de eyección intermedia (HR: 2.814, 95% CI: 1,075-7,365, P-value=0.035). En el subgrupo con fracción de eyección preservadala duración de ingreso por hospitalización... (AU)

Gal-3 y ST2 como biomarcadores: un paso al frente en el pronóstico de la Insuficiencia Cardíaca / Gal-3 and ST2 Biomarkers - A Step Forward in Heart Failure Prognostication

Aims: The American College of Cardiology (ACA)/ American Heart Association (AHA) granted Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) evaluation a class II recommendation for HF prognosis, as an adjunctive to conventional clinical risk factors and natriuretic peptides dosing in 2013. However, in Europe this endorsement is not valid. The purpose of this study was to study the association of Gal-3 and ST2 collected at-admission with early (defined as the period of 90 days post-discharge) rehospitalization and overall mortality, and end of follow-up overall mortality in HF patients. Additionally, aminoterminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at admission was considered to test if a multi-marker strategy could yield supplementary information. Material and Methods: Gal-3, ST2 and NT-proBNP were assessed in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated HF in class III or IV of New York Heart Association (NYHA). Univariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the relationship between variables and outcomes. Since there are no standardized cut-offs for Gal-3 and ST2, the multiclass Area Under the Curve Receiver-Operator Characteristic (AUCROC) as defined by Hand and Till was used to evaluate the overall performance of each biomarker as a predictor of the outcomes. Results: We followed 65 patients for a median of 13.7 (Q1-Q3 6.7-18.9) months. Gal-3 correlated with short-term rehospitalization (HR: 9.886, 95% CI: 2.027-48.214, P-value=0.005), short-term mortality (HR: 13.731, 95% CI: 1.650-114.276, P value=0.015) and end of follow-up mortality (HR: 4.492, 95% CI: 1.594-12.656, P-value=0.004). The association of elevated NT-proBNP determinations increased the risk of short-term rehospitalization (HR: 11.985, 95% CI: 1.962-73.218, P value=0.007) and end of follow-up mortality (HR: 78.025, 95% CI: 7.592-801.926, P-value<0.001). ST2 correlated with end of follow-up mortality (HR: 4.846, 95% CI: 1.396-16.825, P-value=0.013)... (AU)

Mortality predictive factors of people living with human immunodeficiency virus and bloodstream infection.

INTRODUCTION: Portugal has one of the highest mortality rates for people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in Europe. After antiretroviral therapy introduction, HIV-associated mortality declined, included the one associated with bloodstream infection (BSI). However it is still high, and European data are scarce . Therefore, characterizing BSI and defining prognostic factors may improve our approach. METHODS: This was a 10-year retrospective study of predictive factors for 30-day and 3-year mortality in PLWHIV with BSI in a tertiary infectious diseases ward. RESULTS: Of 2134 PLWHIV admissions, 145 (6.8%) had a BSI, mostly respiratory and catheter-related bacteremia and globally community-acquired. Nosocomial infections occurred in 42 (36%) cases, mostly caused by Enterococcus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida spp. PLWHIV with a BSI had higher 30-day mortality (27%) compared to those without a BSI (14%). APACHE II score, corticotherapy, and current intravenous drug use (IDU) had a prognostic impact on 30-day mortality. Three-year survival was 54% in PLWHIV with a BSI; a CD4 <200 cells, vascular or chronic pulmonary disease, and lymphoma were prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a BSI were more likely to present advanced HIV disease, have more comorbidities, a longer length of stay, and higher 30-day mortality. IDU and severity of infection determined the short-term prognosis. Three-year mortality was primarily influenced by lower CD4 cell counts, hematological tumor, and cardiopulmonary comorbidities. Systemic corticotherapy may influence nosocomial BSI and short-term prognosis.

Skeletal Muscle-Adipose Tissue-Tumor Axis: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Exercise Training in Prostate Cancer.

Increased visceral adiposity may influence the development of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressive tumors and cancer mortality. White adipose tissue (WAT), usually referred to as periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), surrounds the prostatic gland and has emerged as a potential mediator of the tumor microenvironment. Exercise training (ET) induces several adaptations in both skeletal muscle and WAT. Some of these effects are mediated by ET-induced synthesis and secretion of several proteins, known as myo- and adipokines. Together, myokines and adipokines may act in an endocrine-like manner to favor communication between skeletal muscle and WAT, as they may work together to improve whole-body metabolic health. This crosstalk may constitute a potential mechanism by which ET exerts its beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of PCa-related disorders; however, this has not yet been explored. Therefore, we reviewed the current evidence on the effects of skeletal muscle-WAT-tumor crosstalk in PCa, and the potential mediators of this process to provide a better understanding of underlying ET-related mechanisms in cancer.

Association of Aquaporin-3, Aquaporin-7, NOS3 and CYBA polymorphisms with hypertensive disorders in women.

Preeclampsia (PE), a pregnancy disorder influenced by oxidative stress and hypoxia, affects the health of the mother and baby and is associated with an increased risk of future hypertension (HT). Aquaporins are a family of water channels, comprising members that also transport glycerol (aquaglyceroporins) and hydrogen peroxide (peroxiporins), key molecules for metabolic homeostasis and redox signaling. Here, we investigated the association of Aquaporin-3 (AQP3; rs2231231), Aquaporin-7 (AQP7; rs2989924), NOS3 (4B/A intron) and CYBA (rs4673) genetic polymorphisms with the development of hypertensive disorders by qPCR/PCR in a cohort of 150 normotensive (NT) women (N = 90) or with previous PE (N = 60) during pregnancy. Prospectively, women were reclassified 2-16 years after pregnancy as NT (N = 98) or hypertensive (N = 48) and the genetic associations were reevaluated. In addition, genetic associations were reevaluated and compared between normotensive and hypertensive (HT) subjects. We found that AQP3 rs2231231, an aquaglyceroporin/peroxiporin, is associated with the development of HT, whereas AQP7, NOS3 and CYBA polymorphism did not correlate with PE or future HT. Because AQP3 was associated with hypertension only after pregnancy, its role might be related to later risk factors of hypertension such as metabolic syndrome or oxidative stress.

Potential insecticidal activity of aminonaphthoquinone Mannich bases derived from lawsone and their copper (II) complex derivatives.

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a polyphagous pest that causes important damage in different regions of America and mainly affects corn crops in both tropical and subtropical areas. Currently, control relies on both transgenic plants and/or chemical pesticides. In this work, we describe insecticidal activity against the fall armyworm from a series of Mannich bases (1-10), derived from 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (lawsone), substituted benzaldehydes, and two primary amines, and their Cu2+ complexes (11-20). The [Cu(L)2] complexes were more effective in larval mortality compared to the free Mannich bases. Among the tested compounds, complex 11 showed the highest toxicity, with 70.00% larval mortality.

Impact of combined training with different exercise intensities on inflammatory and lipid markers in type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis from a 1-year randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Exercise is a well-accepted strategy to improve lipid and inflammatory profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the exercise intensity having the most benefits on lipids and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM remains unclear. We aimed to analyse the impact of a 1-year combined high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT), and a moderate continuous training (MCT) with RT on inflammatory and lipid profile in individuals with T2DM. METHODS: Individuals with T2DM (n = 80, aged 59 years) performed a 1-year randomized controlled trial and were randomized into three groups (control, n = 27; HIIT with RT, n = 25; MCT with RT, n = 28). Exercise sessions were supervised with a frequency of 3 days per week. Inflammatory and lipid profiles were measured at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Changes in inflammatory and lipid markers were assessed using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: After adjusting for sex, age and baseline moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), we observed a time-by-group interaction for Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both the MCT with RT (ß = - 0.70, p = 0.034) and HIIT with RT (ß = - 0.62, p = 0.049) groups, whereas, only the HIIT with RT group improved total cholesterol (ß = - 0.03, p = 0.045) and LDL-C (ß = - 0.03, p = 0.034), when compared to control. No effect was observed for C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble form of the haptoglobin-hemoglobin receptor CD163 (sCD163), triglycerides and HDL-C in both groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Favorable adaptations on IL-6 were observed in both the HIIT and MCT combined with RT groups following a long-term 1-year exercise intervention in individuals with T2DM. However, only the HIIT with RT prevented further derangement of total cholesterol and LDL-C, when compared to the control group. Therefore, in order to encourage exercise participation and improve inflammatory profile, either exercise protocols may be prescribed, however, HIIT with RT may have further benefits on the lipid profile. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03144505.