RESUMO
The genetic transformation of insects by transposable elements is based on the use of selectable genetic markers required to identify transgenic individuals. Conserved regulatory sequences can be used to develop single constructs capable of adequate expression of a marker, across a range of different species. We present evidence that the Drosophila GBS regulatory element (Glass-binding site), derived from the Rh1 rhodopsin gene, is able to drive in vivo eye-specific expression of a Ccwhite+ transgene in the Mediterranean fruitfly Ceratitis capitata. The Ceratitis lineage diverged from that of Drosophila approximately 120 Myr ago. As the GBS regulatory sequence seems to be partially conserved in the more distantly related dipteran species Anopheles gambiae (250 Myr), we propose that the GBS may be widely useful for driving eye-specific expression in a wide range of dipteran species.
Assuntos
Ceratitis capitata/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Vetores Genéticos , Células Fotorreceptoras de Invertebrados/metabolismo , Animais , Anopheles/genética , Ceratitis capitata/genética , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Olho/metabolismo , Feminino , Genes de Insetos , Masculino , Pigmentação , Plasmídeos , Elementos Reguladores de Transcrição , Rodopsina/genética , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Transformação Genética , Transgenes , TransposasesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The authors report their experience in the management of seminomas. MATERIALS: They examine 12 cases of seminoma among a series of 19 patients with testicular germ cell tumours observed at the Second Surgical Department of the Second University of Naples. RESULTS: Their results showed a better prognosis for patients in early stage of the disease who underwent surgery and adjuvant prophylactic radiotherapy; good survival rates for patients in advanced stages of the disease were achieved by the combined use of surgery, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. DISCUSSION: The authors discuss risk factors, clinical and diagnostic features of seminomas, relating their prognosis with the combined use of both surgery and adjuvant therapies. They consider total orchiectomy, followed by prophylactic radiotherapy, the treatment of choice, especially in stages IA and IIA. They don't perform the routine retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, differently from American authors, who always achieve it to stage the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The authors stress the improvement in the prognosis of seminoma, which has actually reached the 98% of five-year survival rate, for stages I and II.
Assuntos
Seminoma/terapia , Neoplasias Testiculares/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo , Masculino , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Orquiectomia , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Fatores de Risco , Seminoma/diagnóstico , Seminoma/patologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologiaRESUMO
The idiopathic varicocele is involved in 40-50% of the male sterility. The angiographic studies undertaken by Coolsaet in the 1980 have showed the different anatomic conditions that are at origin of the varicocele, explaining the recurrence or persistence of the illness after surgical operations. The high ligature of spermatic vein (Ivanissevich), eventually with ligature of spermatic artery also (Palomo), and the micro-surgical anastomoses result in high percentage of varicocele persistence. On the basis of such considerations, the Authors reviewed their experience on 371 patient surgically treated for idiopathic varicocele by inguinal ligature of the refluxive venous vessels. They emphasize the role of the intraoperative Doppler, that consents preserving spermatic artery and not-refluxive venous vessels, and need to respect the lymphatics.
