RESUMO
Voltage-gated sodium channels, in particular Nav1.8, can be targeted for the treatment of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Herein, we described the optimization of Nav1.8 modulator series to deliver subtype selective, state, and use-dependent chemical matter that is efficacious in preclinical models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain.
RESUMO
A potent series of substituted (2S,4S)-benzylproline α(2)δ ligands have been designed from the readily available starting material (2S,4R)-hydroxy-L-proline. The ligands have improved pharmacokinetic profile over the (4S)-phenoxyproline derivatives described previously and have potential for development as oral agents for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Compound 16 has been progressed to clinical development.
Assuntos
Desenho de Fármacos , Prolina/química , Prolina/síntese química , Animais , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Ligantes , Estrutura Molecular , Dor , Prolina/farmacologia , Ratos , SuínosRESUMO
Conformational constraint has been used to design a potent series of α(2)δ ligands derived from the readily available starting material (2S,4R)-hydroxy-l-proline. The ligands have improved physicochemistry and potency compared to their linear counterparts (described in our earlier publication) and the lead compound has been progressed to clinical development.
Assuntos
Desenho de Fármacos , Hidroxiprolina/síntese química , Aminas/química , Aminas/farmacocinética , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Ácidos Cicloexanocarboxílicos/química , Ácidos Cicloexanocarboxílicos/farmacocinética , Cães , Gabapentina , Humanos , Hidroxiprolina/química , Ligantes , Estrutura Molecular , Subunidades Proteicas/química , Ratos , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/química , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
A new series of glycine-derived ligands of the α(2)δ subunit of voltage gated calcium channels is described. Several novel compounds (7) based on (6) were prepared that possessed a potency <100 nM in the α(2)δ binding assay.
Assuntos
Canais de Cálcio/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicina/síntese química , Ligantes , Alquilação , Glicina/química , Glicina/farmacologia , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Estrutura Molecular , Subunidades Proteicas/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
COPD is a major cause of mortality in the western world. A(2A) agonists are postulated to reduce the lung inflammation that causes COPD. The cardiovascular effects of A(2A) agonists dictate that a compound needs to be delivered by inhalation to be therapeutically useful. The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic SAR of a series of inhaled A(2A) agonists is described leading through to human pharmacokinetic data for a clinical candidate.
Assuntos
Agonistas do Receptor A2 de Adenosina , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Adenosina/química , Administração por Inalação , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Desenho de Fármacos , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Químicos , Fenetilaminas/química , Purinas/química , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Triazóis/químicaRESUMO
The SAR of a series of novel pyrido[3,4-d]pyramid-4-ylamine mGluR1 antagonists is described. The multiple of the unbound K(i) in cerebrospinal fluid necessary to give morphine like analgesic effects in an electromyograph pinch model in rodents is determined and the effect of structure on CNS penetration examined.
Assuntos
Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/síntese química , Receptores de Glutamato Metabotrópico/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Eletromiografia/métodos , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/química , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/farmacologia , Medição da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Medição da Dor/métodos , Ratos , Receptores de Glutamato Metabotrópico/fisiologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A number of libraries were produced to explore the potential of 2,4-diaminopyridine lead 1. The resulting diaminopyridines proved to be potent and selective delta-opioid receptor agonists. Several rounds of lead optimisation using library chemistry identified compound 17 which went on to show efficacy in an electromyography model of neuropathic pain. The structure-activity relationship of the series against the hERG ion channel proved to be a key selectivity hurdle for the series.
Assuntos
4-Aminopiridina/análogos & derivados , Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Canais de Potássio Éter-A-Go-Go/química , Receptores Opioides delta/agonistas , 4-Aminopiridina/síntese química , 4-Aminopiridina/farmacologia , Analgésicos Opioides/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Técnicas de Química Combinatória , Desenho de Fármacos , Canal de Potássio ERG1 , Eletromiografia/métodos , Canais de Potássio Éter-A-Go-Go/metabolismo , Humanos , Modelos Químicos , Ratos , Receptores Opioides delta/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
COPD is a major cause of mortality in the western world. A(2A) agonists are postulated to reduce the lung inflammation that causes COPD. The cardiovascular effects of A(2A) agonists dictate that a compound needs to be delivered by inhalation to be therapeutically useful. A strategy of minimizing side-effect liability by maximizing systemic clearance was followed and pharmacological and pharmacokinetic SAR of a series of inhaled A(2A) agonists described. A sevenfold improvement in potency and 150-fold reduction in side-effect liability over the lead compound CGS-21680, were obtained.
Assuntos
Agonistas do Receptor A2 de Adenosina , Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Adenosina/farmacocinética , Adenosina/farmacologia , Administração por Inalação , Administração Oral , Aminas/farmacocinética , Aminas/farmacologia , Animais , Cobaias , Humanos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Fenetilaminas/farmacocinética , Fenetilaminas/farmacologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/metabolismo , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A series of novel mGluR1 antagonists have been prepared. Incorporation of fragments derived from weak lead matter into a library led to enhanced potency in a new chemical series. A chemistry driven second library iteration, covering a greatly enhanced area of chemical space, maintained good potency and introduced metabolic stability.
Assuntos
Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores de Glutamato Metabotrópico/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Ligação Competitiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Células CHO , Fenômenos Químicos , Físico-Química , Doença Crônica , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ácido Glutâmico/farmacologia , Pirazinas/síntese química , Pirazinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) is a highly prevalent sexual disorder affecting up to 40% of women. We describe herein our efforts to identify a selective neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitor as a potential treatment for FSAD. The rationale for this approach, together with a description of the medicinal chemistry strategy, lead compounds, and SAR investigations are detailed. In particular, the strategy of starting with the clinically precedented selective NEP inhibitor, Candoxatrilat, and targeting low molecular weight and relatively polar mono-carboxylic acids is described. This led ultimately to the prototype development candidate R-13, for which detailed pharmacology and pharmacokinetic parameters are presented.(1)
Assuntos
Ácidos Carbocíclicos/síntese química , Amidas/síntese química , Neprilisina/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácidos Pentanoicos/síntese química , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/tratamento farmacológico , Tiadiazóis/síntese química , Ácidos Carbocíclicos/farmacocinética , Ácidos Carbocíclicos/farmacologia , Amidas/farmacocinética , Amidas/farmacologia , Animais , Células CHO , Clitóris/irrigação sanguínea , Clitóris/efeitos dos fármacos , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Ácidos Pentanoicos/farmacocinética , Ácidos Pentanoicos/farmacologia , Piridinas/síntese química , Piridinas/farmacocinética , Piridinas/farmacologia , Coelhos , Ratos , Proteínas Recombinantes/antagonistas & inibidores , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/efeitos dos fármacos , Especificidade da Espécie , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiadiazóis/farmacocinética , Tiadiazóis/farmacologia , Vagina/irrigação sanguínea , Vagina/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Sildenafil (5-[2-ethoxy-5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one), a potent and selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, provided the first oral treatment for male erectile dysfunction. The objective of the work reported in this paper was to combine high levels of PDE5 potency and selectivity with high and dose-independent oral bioavailability, to minimize the impact on the C(max) of any interactions with coadministered drugs in the clinic. This goal was achieved through identification of a lower clearance series with a high absorption profile, by replacing the 5'-piperazine sulfonamide in the sildenafil template with a 5'-methyl ketone. This novel series provided compounds with low metabolism in human hepatocytes, excellent caco-2 flux, and the potential for good aqueous solubility. The in vivo oral and iv pharmacokinetic profiles of example compounds confirmed the high oral bioavailability predicted from these in vitro screens. 5-(5-Acetyl-2-butoxy-3-pyridinyl)-3-ethyl-2-(1-ethyl-3-azetidinyl)-2,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one (2) was selected for progression into the clinic.
Assuntos
3',5'-GMP Cíclico Fosfodiesterases/antagonistas & inibidores , Azetidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinonas/síntese química , 3',5'-GMP Cíclico Fosfodiesterases/química , Administração Oral , Animais , Azetidinas/química , Azetidinas/farmacologia , Disponibilidade Biológica , Células CACO-2 , Cristalografia por Raios X , Nucleotídeo Cíclico Fosfodiesterase do Tipo 5 , Cães , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Disfunção Erétil/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Cetonas/química , Masculino , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Pirimidinas/química , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Pirimidinonas/química , Pirimidinonas/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A series of small molecule glutaramides were synthesized and evaluated for potency against canine and human neutral endopeptidase using target criteria of molecular weight <400 and log P between 2 and 4.5 to maximize the likelihood of achieving good oral absorption. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigations described in this paper led to the identification of an ethyl 1,3,4-thiadiazole glutaramide which demonstrated good neutral endopeptidase potency, selectivity and excellent oral absorption in the rat.
Assuntos
Amidas/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Ácidos Pentanoicos/síntese química , Tiadiazóis/síntese química , Administração Oral , Amidas/química , Amidas/farmacocinética , Animais , Ácidos Cicloexanocarboxílicos/química , Cães , Desenho de Fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Feminino , Humanos , Peso Molecular , Neprilisina/metabolismo , Ácidos Pentanoicos/química , Ácidos Pentanoicos/metabolismo , Ácidos Pentanoicos/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteases/química , Ratos , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/metabolismo , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiadiazóis/química , Tiadiazóis/metabolismo , Tiadiazóis/farmacologiaRESUMO
A series of zwitterionic delta-opioid agonists, with targeted physicochemistry, as a strategy to limit potential for CNS exposure, were prepared. These agents were found to possess exquisite potency and selectivity over mu and kappa-opiate activity. Furthermore, analogue 3a was found to display restricted CNS exposure, as evidenced by its inactivity in a rodent hyperlocomotion assay of central opiate activity. Dog pharmacokinetic studies on 3a indicated encouraging oral bioavailability.
Assuntos
Indóis/farmacologia , Isoquinolinas/farmacologia , Receptores Opioides delta/agonistas , Animais , Cães , Desenho de Fármacos , Indóis/administração & dosagem , Indóis/síntese química , Isoquinolinas/administração & dosagem , Isoquinolinas/síntese química , Camundongos , Conformação Molecular , Peso Molecular , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The SAR of a series of beta-carboline derived type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitors has been explored and we have discovered compounds with excellent levels of PDE5 potency and selectivity over PDE6. However, the series exhibits low levels of selectivity over PDE11, a phosphodiesterase with unknown function.