RESUMO
Ants, an ecologically successful and numerically dominant group of animals, play key ecological roles as soil engineers, predators, nutrient recyclers, and regulators of plant growth and reproduction in most terrestrial ecosystems. Further, ants are widely used as bioindicators of the ecological impact of land use. We gathered information of ant species in the Atlantic Forest of South America. The ATLANTIC ANTS data set, which is part of the ATLANTIC SERIES data papers, is a compilation of ant records from collections (18,713 records), unpublished data (29,651 records), and published sources (106,910 records; 1,059 references), including papers, theses, dissertations, and book chapters published from 1886 to 2020. In total, the data set contains 153,818 ant records from 7,636 study locations in the Atlantic Forest, representing 10 subfamilies, 99 genera, 1,114 ant species identified with updated taxonomic certainty, and 2,235 morphospecies codes. Our data set reflects the heterogeneity in ant records, which include ants sampled at the beginning of the taxonomic history of myrmecology (the 19th and 20th centuries) and more recent ant surveys designed to address specific questions in ecology and biology. The data set can be used by researchers to develop strategies to deal with different macroecological and region-wide questions, focusing on assemblages, species occurrences, and distribution patterns. Furthermore, the data can be used to assess the consequences of changes in land use in the Atlantic Forest on different ecological processes. No copyright restrictions apply to the use of this data set, but we request that authors cite this data paper when using these data in publications or teaching events.
Assuntos
Ecossistema , Florestas , Animais , Biodiversidade , Solo , América do SulRESUMO
The Energetic Equivalence Rule (EER) states that species tend to consume energy independent of their body size. Here, the EER was tested for litter ants using body size and abundance data. Rainforest ants were obtained using pitfall traps and Winkler extractor. The abundance data from the Winkler extractions confirmed the EER, while the pitfall traps rejected it. Combination of abundance from pitfall catches and Winkler extractions either confirmed or rejected the EER. Further studies should focus on the interaction between sampling techniques and habitat types in the test of EER for ant communities.
A regra de equivalência energética (REE) propõe que o uso de energia independe do tamanho corporal da espécie. O tamanho e a abundância de formigas da serapilheira, coletadas em floresta ombrófila usando armadilhas pitfall e extrator de Winkler, foram usados no teste da REE. Os dados de abundância obtidos da extração de Winkler confirmaram a REE, enquanto os dados provenientes das armadilhas pitfall rejeitaram. A combinação das abundâncias estimadas pelas duas técnicas tanto aceitou quanto rejeitou a REE. Estudos posteriores deveriam focar a interação entre a técnica de coleta e o tipo de habitat no teste da REE para comunidades de formigas.
Assuntos
Animais , Formigas/fisiologia , Brasil , Entomologia/métodos , ÁrvoresRESUMO
The Energetic Equivalence Rule (EER) states that species tend to consume energy independent of their body size. Here, the EER was tested for litter ants using body size and abundance data. Rainforest ants were obtained using pitfall traps and Winkler extractor. The abundance data from the Winkler extractions confirmed the EER, while the pitfall traps rejected it. Combination of abundance from pitfall catches and Winkler extractions either confirmed or rejected the EER. Further studies should focus on the interaction between sampling techniques and habitat types in the test of EER for ant communities.
Assuntos
Formigas/fisiologia , Animais , Brasil , Entomologia/métodos , ÁrvoresRESUMO
The effects of environmental factors on the richness, diversity and abundance of ants were studied in the Restinga da Marambaia, south coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The samples were taken using pitfall traps in August/2004 (winter) and March/2005 (summer) in three different vegetation types: (1) herbaceous ridge palmoid (homogeneous habitat); (2) shrub dune thicket and (3) ridge forest (heterogeneous habitats). At each habitat a range of environmental attributes was recorded: soil temperature and humidity, percentage of soil covering by litter and litter depth. Ninety-two ant species belonging to 36 genera and eight subfamilies were recorded. Density of ant species and abundance varied significantly between habitats and seasons; ant diversity varied only between habitats. Homogeneous habitat had lower ant species density, abundance and diversity than heterogeneous habitats. The two first variables were positively correlated with litter depth and both were higher in summer than in winter samples. There were more species of Ponerinae and Ectatomminae in heterogeneous than in the homogeneous habitat, whereas the Formicinae species were more abundant in the later.
Assuntos
Formigas , Ecossistema , Meio Ambiente , Animais , Formigas/classificação , BrasilRESUMO
A influência de fatores ambientais sobre a diversidade, riqueza e abundância de formigas em comunidade de restinga foi avaliada na Marambaia, litoral sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro. As amostras foram tomadas em agosto de 2004 (inverno) e março de 2005 (verão) em três fisionomias vegetais: (1) vegetação herbácea fechada de cordão arenoso (habitat homogeneo), (2) arbustiva fechada de cordão arenoso e (3) floresta de cordão arenoso (habitats heterogeneos). Em cada formação foram medidos os seguintes atributos ambientais: temperatura e umidade do solo, cobertura do solo por serapilheira e profundidade da serapilheira. Noventa e duas espécies distribuídas em 36 gêneros e oito subfamílias foram coletadas. A densidade de espécies e a abundância variaram significativamente com a fisionomia e época de coleta; a diversidade apenas com a fisionomia. O habitat homogêneo teve menor densidade de espécies, abundância e diversidade do que os habitats heterogêneos. As duas primeiras variáveis foram positivamente correlacionadas com a profundidade da serapilheira e ambas foram maiores na amostragem de verão do que na de inverno. Houve mais espécies de Ponerinae e Ectatomminae nos ambientes mais heterogêneos, enquanto que Formicinae foi mais abundante no ambiente homogêneo.
The effects of environmental factors on the richness, diversity and abundance of ants were studied in the Restinga da Marambaia, south coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The samples were taken using pitfall traps in August/2004 (winter) and March/2005 (summer) in three different vegetation types: (1) herbaceous ridge palmoid (homogeneous habitat); (2) shrub dune thicket and (3) ridge forest (heterogeneous habitats). At each habitat a range of environmental attributes was recorded: soil temperature and humidity, percentage of soil covering by litter and litter depth. Ninety-two ant species belonging to 36 genera and eight subfamilies were recorded. Density of ant species and abundance varied significantly between habitats and seasons; ant diversity varied only between habitats. Homogeneous habitat had lower ant species density, abundance and diversity than heterogeneous habitats. The two first variables were positively correlated with litter depth and both were higher in summer than in winter samples. There were more species of Ponerinae and Ectatomminae in heterogeneous than in the homogeneous habitat, whereas the Formicinae species were more abundant in the later.
Assuntos
Animais , Formigas , Ecossistema , Meio Ambiente , Formigas/classificação , BrasilRESUMO
As capturas ocorreram entre janeiro e dezembro de 2004 em área urbana de Nova Iguaçu; área rural de Seropédica e em área florestal na Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, Nova Iguaçu, RJ. Foram usadas 1.528 larvas de C. hominivorax como iscas, 505 na área urbana, 556 na rural e 467 na florestal. Foram calculados os índices de Sinantropia, Coeficiente de Constância, o risco (Odds Ratio) de parasitismo entre as áreas, prevalência e intensidade parasitária. O percentual de emergência foi de 46,6 por cento. A espécie A. laeviuscula foi capturada apenas em ambiente rural, seus índices foram: sinantropia = +50, c. constância = 25 por cento, prevalência = 0,72 por cento e intensidade parasitária = 44,5. N. vitripennis foi capturada nas áreas rural e urbana e os índices foram: sinantropia = +98, constância = 58,3 por cento, Odds Ratio = IC95 por cento = 0,025 < µ > 0,27, P < 0,05, prevalência = 3,2 por cento e intensidade parasitária = 7,35. O risco de parasitismo por N. vitripennis em áreas urbanas é alto. Registra-se a ocorrência de A. laeviuscula como parasito de C. hominivorax no estado do Rio de Janeiro.
The captures occurred between January and December of 2004 in urban area in the city of Nova Iguaçu, the rural area of the city of Seropédica and in a forest area in the Biological Reserve of the Tinguá, Nova Iguaçu State of Rio de Janeiro. The total of 1,528 larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) were used as bait, 505 in the urban area, 556 in rural and the 467 in the forest one. The indices of Synantropic, Coefficient of Constancy, the risk (Odds Ratio) of parasitism between the areas was calculated, prevalence and parasitic intensity. The percentage of emergence was of 46.6 percent. Aphaereta laeviuscula (Spinola) was captured only in rural environment; its indices were: Synantropic I. = +50, c. constancy = 25 percent, prevalence = 0.72 percent and I. parasitic = 44.5; already Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) was captured in the areas rural and urban and the indices had been: synanthropy = +98, constancy = 58.3 percent, Odds Ratio = IC95 percent = 0,025 < µ > 0.27, P < 0,05, prevalence = 3.2 percent and parasitic intensity = 7.35. The risk of parasitism for N. vitripennis in urban areas is high. The occurrence of A. laeviuscula as parasitic of C. hominivorax is registered in the State of Rio de Janeiro.
Assuntos
Himenópteros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Himenópteros/embriologia , Himenópteros/microbiologia , Himenópteros/parasitologiaRESUMO
The captures occurred between January and December of 2004 in urban area in the city of Nova Iguaçu, the rural area of the city of Seropédica and in a forest area in the Biological Reserve of the Tinguá, Nova Iguaçu State of Rio de Janeiro. The total of 1,528 larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) were used as bait, 505 in the urban area, 556 in rural and the 467 in the forest one. The indices of Synantropic, Coefficient of Constancy, the risk (Odds Ratio) of parasitism between the areas was calculated, prevalence and parasitic intensity. The percentage of emergence was of 46.6%. Aphaereta laeviuscula (Spinola) was captured only in rural environment; its indices were: Synantropic I. = +50, c. constancy = 25%, prevalence = 0.72% and I. parasitic = 44.5; already Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) was captured in the areas rural and urban and the indices had been: synanthropy = +98, constancy = 58.3%, Odds Ratio = IC95% = 0,025 < micro > 0.27, P < 0,05, prevalence = 3.2% and parasitic intensity = 7.35. The risk of parasitism for N. vitripennis in urban areas is high. The occurrence of A. laeviuscula as parasitic of C. hominivorax is registered in the State of Rio de Janeiro.
Assuntos
Dípteros/parasitologia , Himenópteros/fisiologia , Animais , BrasilRESUMO
The available information regarding the geographic distribution of Atta robusta Borgmeier is confused and raised the necessity of revision of both its distribution and its endemic status. This paper ascertained the occurrence of A. robusta in restingas of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states, Brazil, through fieldwork, museum visits and bibliographical revision. No reference mentioned its occurrence out of restinga vegetation, as well as in states located south of Rio de Janeiro. We confirmed that A. robusta is endemic of restinga vegetation and it is restricted to the strip of the denominated Moist Oriental Tertiary Brazilian Coast. Such a distribution is possibly due to geographical and ecological barriers that obstruct its dispersion to other environments.
Dúvidas geradas pelas informações disponíveis na literatura levaram à necessidade de uma revisão na distribuição geográfica de Atta robusta Borgmeier e seu status de endemicidade. Por meio de coletas em campo, exame de coleções entomológicas e revisão bibliográfica, verificou-se que A. robusta ocorre em todos os ambientes de restingas dos estados do Espírito Santo e Rio de Janeiro. Nenhuma referência foi encontrada sobre sua ocorrência fora dos ambientes de restingas, bem como para os estados localizados ao sul do Rio de Janeiro. Sugere-se que A. robusta é endêmica das restingas e está restrita à faixa do litoral brasileiro denominado de Terciário Oriental Umido, devido às barreiras geográficas e ecológicas que impedem sua dispersão.
