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1.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 27(2): 89-96, mar.-abr. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-195850

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La práctica médica en el área del dolor plantea problemas éticos en la atención a pacientes con una enfermedad que provoca un deterioro funcional, con un pronóstico incierto para su reinserción laboral, y gran consumo de recursos familiares y sociales. Tras la creación de un grupo de trabajo en bioética dentro de la Sociedad Española del Dolor (SED) se intenta analizar dichos problemas. OBJETIVO: Conocer los problemas éticos relacionados con el manejo del dolor (práctica clínica, entorno e instituciones) que preocupan a los profesionales miembros de la SED, así como fomentar una reflexión ética. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio cualitativo, basado en una entrevista semiestructurada, abierta, enviada a los miembros de la SED (n = 1035), mediante acceso electrónico, sobre 4 aspectos bioéticos: los problemas detectados en la práctica clínica, los problemas del entorno de trabajo, los problemas en las organizaciones de trabajo, y posibles sugerencias. Estos se agrupan según se refieran a las indicaciones (beneficencia y no maleficencia), la justicia (entendida como equidad) o la autonomía (información y preferencias). RESULTADOS: Participaron en la entrevista un 6 % de los profesionales (n = 62/1035). Se elaboró un panel con las 10 cuestiones principales identificadas. Destacan la incertidumbre en la toma de decisiones en la terapéutica, la limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico, los condicionamientos del sistema sanitario, las relaciones con la industria farmacéutica y la búsqueda de la excelencia. CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio cualitativo permite identificar problemas éticos que interesan a los profesionales dedicados al dolor. Es conveniente confirmarlos y dimensionarlos mediante estudios cuantitativos


INTRODUCTION: The medical practice in the area of pain associates ethical problems in the care of patients with a disease that causes a functional deterioration, with an uncertain prognosis for their labor reintegration, and a great consumption of family and social resources. After the creation of a working group on bioethics within the Spanish Pain Society (SPS), an attempt is made to analyze these problems. OBJECTIVE: To know which are the ethical problems that identify professionals (clinical practice, environment and institutions) which concerns SPS members; encouranging an ethical reflection. METHODOLOGY: Qualitative study, based on a semistructured, open interview, send to members of the SPS (n = 1035), through electronic access, on 4 bioethical aspects: the problems detected in clinical practice, the problems of the work environment, the problems in the work organizations, and possible suggestions. These are grouped as they refer to the indications (beneficence and non-maleficence), justice (understood as equity), autonomy (information and preferences). RESULTS: A total of 6 % professionals participated in the interview (n = 62/1035). A panel was prepared with the 10 main issues identified. They emphasize the uncertainty in the taking of decisions in the therapeutic, the limitation of the therapeutic effort, the conditioning of the sanitary system, the relations with the pharmaceutical industry and the search of the excellence. CONCLUSIONS: This qualitative study allows identifying ethical problems that interest professionals dedicated to pain. It is convenient to confirm and size them through quantitative studies


Assuntos
Humanos , Manejo da Dor/ética , Temas Bioéticos , Ética Profissional , Autonomia Pessoal , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/ética , Entrevistas como Assunto/métodos , Direitos do Paciente/ética , Pesquisa Qualitativa
3.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 23(5): 238-242, sept.-oct. 2016. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-156653

RESUMO

Los parches de capsaicina al 8 % son una alternativa de segunda línea para el tratamiento del dolor neuropático periférico. Aunque tiene pocos efectos secundarios, no tiene indicación para el tratamiento cráneo-facial debido a la posible irritación de mucosas por la capsaicina. Sólo hemos encontrado tres publicaciones que refieren la aplicación del parche en estas localizaciones, describiendo 7 casos clínicos. Hemos recogido 4 casos en los que se realizan 5 aplicaciones en total, 3 mujeres (repitiendo aplicación en una de ellas) y 1 hombre, entre 58 y 84 años, con los siguientes diagnósticos: necrosis cáustica en labio inferior tras limpieza dental, neuralgia del trigémino y neuropatía postherpética. Tras comprobar ineficacia de otros tratamientos, se propuso el parche de capsaicina al 8 %, con firma previa de los consentimientos informados de la aplicación de parche en régimen de hospital de día y de tratamiento fuera de ficha técnica. Previamente a la aplicación del parche en la zona cutánea dolorosa, se procedió a realizar protección ocular de ambos ojos con parche oftálmico quirúrgico, y de mucosas oral y nasal con mascarilla facial quirúrgica sellada. La protección se mantuvo durante toda la aplicación del parche y se quitó una vez retirado éste y limpiada la zona de aplicación. Únicamente se reportaron 3 efectos secundarios leves del total de las 5 aplicaciones: un paciente presentó piel eritematosa que cedió espontáneamente, otra paciente refirió sensación de quemazón y dolor que cedió con analgesia endovenosa, y otra paciente explicó dolor leve bien tolerado, que cedió de manera espontánea. En ninguno de los casos se apreciaron efectos secundarios a nivel de mucosas. En cuanto a resultados, dos pacientes notaron mejoría durante uno y dos meses, colocando nuevamente el parche en una de ellas, sin lograr esta segunda vez alivio. Las otras dos pacientes no notaron ningún cambio. El tratamiento con parches de capsaicina 8 % en superficies cráneo-faciales parece tener similar eficacia a su aplicación en otras áreas de la piel. Los efectos secundarios en su aplicación en estas superficies son escasos, al igual que en otras aplicaciones corporales. Creemos que con las medidas de precaución adecuadas en las regiones cráneo-faciales, la utilidad clínica observada del parche de capsaicina 8 % lo sitúa como otra opción de tratamiento para dolor neuropático, sin complicaciones añadidas. No obstante, estudios clínicos con mayor número de pacientes deberían llevarse a cabo para confirmar estos hallazgos (AU)


The capsaicin 8 % patch is a secondary line alternative to neuropathic peripheral pain treatment. Although it has few secondary effects, is not indicated in head and facial treatment due to the possibility of the irritation of mucosa. We have only found three publications related with the patch application in those locations, describing 7 clinical cases. We have analyzed 4 cases in which we have applied 5 patches in total. There were 3 women (repeating the application in one of them) and 1 man, between 58 and 84 years old, with the following diagnosis: caustic necrosis in the inferior lip after dental cleaning, trigeminal neuralgia and post-herpetic neuropathy. Inefficacy of other treatments was confirmed, and after that, the capsaicin 8 % patch was proposed. Informed consent of the application of the patch at day clinic and treatment out of technical data sheet were previously signed. Before the patch was applied to the painful cutaneous area, we proceed with ocular protection of both eyes with surgical ophthalmic patch and oral and nasal mucosa protection with surgical mask hermetically seal. That protection was maintained during the whole application of the patch, and was removed once the capsaicin patch was taken off and the application area was cleaned. There were only 3 mild secondary effects of the total 5 applications: one patient showed erythematic skin that was resolved spontaneously, another patient related burn and pain sensation which was solved with endovenous analgesia. Finally, another patient explained mild pain well tolerated, that was resolved also spontaneously. In no cases there were secondary effects in mucosa. Related with the results, 2 patients felt improvement between one and two months, applying again the patch in one of them, not reaching this time relief in the pain. The other 2 patients did not notice any change. The capsaicin 8 % patch treatment in head and facial areas seems to have similar efficacy as the application in other skin areas. Secondary effects in these surfaces are very low, the same as in other corporal locations. We believe that with the adequate preventive measures in head and facial areas, clinical utility observed with capsaicin 8 % patch places it as another treatment option for neuropathic pain, with no complications added. However, clinical studies with a higher number of patients should carry on to confirm these findings (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Capsaicina/uso terapêutico , Adesivo Transdérmico , Sistema Nervoso Periférico , Fármacos do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/uso terapêutico , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Manejo da Dor , Lidocaína/uso terapêutico , Prilocaína/uso terapêutico , Neuralgia Facial/tratamento farmacológico , Síndromes da Dor Miofascial/tratamento farmacológico , Neuralgia/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Nervo Trigêmeo , Neuralgia do Trigêmeo/tratamento farmacológico , Nervo Oftálmico , Nervo Mandibular
5.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 21(3): 146-148, mayo-jun. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-131176

RESUMO

Casos clínicos: Presentamos una paciente de 43 años con historia clínica de dolor sacro incapacitante 8/10 en la escala de EVA de 8 meses de evolución. No se apreciaban alteraciones sensitivas ni pérdida del control de esfínteres. Realizó consulta en múltiples hospitales. Se le practicaron una tomografía computadorizada (TC) lumbar que puso de relieve un hemangioma en L5, una resonancia magnética (RM) de pelvis en la que se evidenció rotura muscular grado I del glúteo mayor izquierdo y una lesión quística en el sacro que se interpretó como quiste de Tarlov. Recibió tratamiento analgésico y antiinflamatorio sin mejoría. Se le realizaron dos bloqueos facetarios e incluso un bloqueo del músculo piriforme izquierdo, todo ello sin resultados. En nuestro centro se practicó una RM lumbo-sacra que puso de relieve la lesión quística de localización central y lateral derecha en canal espinal sacro a la altura de la transición S2-S3. Era de alta señal en T2 y de baja señal en T1. Según la clasificación de Nabors correspondía a un meningocele intrasacro oculto. Discusión: El meningocele intrasacro oculto (quiste meníngeo extradural tipo lB de la clasificación de Nabors) es una entidad poco frecuente que se presenta generalmente entre la tercera y cuarta década de la vida, como un cuadro clínico insidioso de dolor en extremidades inferiores, con o sin síntomas radiculares, disfunción de esfínteres y alteraciones sensitivas. El tratamiento habitual de este tipo de lesiones es la intervención quirúrgica. En nuestro caso se realizó punción y evacuación del quiste sacro guiado por TC obteniéndose unos 2 cc de un líquido sero-hemático. La evolución posterior fue de mejoría notable del dolor sacro que paso a ser de 3/10 en la escala de EVA. En la revisión de la literatura que hemos efectuado este es el primer caso en que se trata un meningocele intrasacro oculto doloroso mediante punción evacuadora guiada por TC (AU)


Case reports: We report a 43-year old patient with a history of disabling pain sacrum 8/10 on the VAS of 8 months. No sensory disturbances were noted or loss of bowel control. Consultation conducted in multiple hospitals. She underwent a computed tomography (CT) lumbar that highlighted a hemangioma in L5, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis which showed muscle breakdown grade I of the left maximus gluteus, and a cystic lesion in the sacrum, which was interpreted as a Tarlov cyst. She received analgesic and anti-inflammatory treatment with no improvement. She also goes through two facet blocks and even a lock in the left piriformis, all without results. In our center we practised a lumbosacral MRI which highlighted a cystic lesion localized in central and right lateral sacral spinal canal at the level of S2-S3 transition. It was high signal on T2 and low signal on T1. Discussion: According to Nabors classification, this lesion corresponds to a hidden intrasacro meningocele. The hidden intrasacro meningocele (extradural meningeal cyst type classification LB Nabors) is a rare entity that usually develops between the third and fourth decade of life, as an insidious clinical lower extremity pain, with or without radicular symptoms, bowel dysfunction and sensory disturbances. The usual treatment of these lesions is surgical intervention. In our case puncture and evacuation guided by CT of the sacral cyst was performed, yielding about 2 cc of a sero-hematic fluid. The postoperative course was a remarkable improvement, and the sacral pain happened to be 3/10 on the VAS. In the literature that we have reviewed, this is the first case in which a hidden painful intrasacro meningocele is evacuated by CT-guided puncture (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Meningocele/complicações , Meningocele/terapia , Meningocele , Biópsia por Agulha/métodos , Cistos Ósseos , Meningocele/fisiopatologia , Meningocele/reabilitação , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão , Sacro/patologia , Sacro
7.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 17(8): 372-375, nov.-dic. 2010. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-82486

RESUMO

Introducción. La infiltración epidural caudal constituye en la actualidad una de las técnicas de analgesia regional que se utiliza con más frecuencia para el dolor crónico lumbar. Nuestro objetivo principal a alcanzar en esta exposición es poner de relieve una nueva técnica para realizar esta intervención que resulta más sencilla y menos agresiva para el paciente que la utilizada clásicamente. Material y métodos. Esta técnica se ha realizado en 13 pacientes (2 varones y 11 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 33 y los 84 años. Todos los pacientes tenían dolor lumbar crónico. Para realizarla se ha utilizado un equipo de tomografía computarizada (TC) General Electric Light Speed 16, una aguja de punción lumbar de 22G y las medidas estériles adecuadas. La TC es una herramienta que facilita enormemente la visualización del ligamento sacrocoxígeo. Una vez introducida la aguja y comprobado mediante TC que se encuentre en el interior del canal raquídeo caudal, se procede a girar el bisel en dirección craneal con el objetivo de que el fármaco administrada salga por el orificio de la aguja hacia el canal neural. Discusión. La técnica más frecuente en la práctica de la infiltración epidural caudal se realiza habitualmente con el paciente en decúbito prono, con la cabeza girada sobre un lado utilizando un arco de rayos X. Mediante la técnica que mostramos, la punción es menos agresiva, más rápida y hay menos posibilidades de complicaciones. El riesgo de perforar el saco dural es prácticamente inexistente, así como de producir hematomas o infecciones, debido a que la manipulación con la aguja es mucho menor y se ciñe únicamente a una punción directa. Discusión. En el 100% de los casos en que se ha practicado nuestra técnica, la difusión de la medicación administrada se ha realizado en dirección craneal, lo cual se ha verificado debido al contraste que se ha añadido a la mezcla farmacológica (AU)


Introduction. Caudal epidural infiltration is currently one of the most used regional analgesia techniques for control of chronic low pack pain. Our primary objective in this presentation is to highlight a new technique for performing this intervention which is simpler and less aggressive for the patient than that classically used. Material and methods. This new technique has been used on 13 patients (2 males and 11 females) between 33 and 84 years. All patients had chronic lumbar pain. A General Electric Light Speed 16 CT scanner, a 22G lumbar puncture needle and appropriate sterile measures, were used to perform the technique. The CT scanner is a tool that makes it much easier to visualise the sacrococcygeal ligament. After the needle is introduced, and checked using CT, into the caudal spinal canal, the bevel is turned in the cranial direction in order that the medication administered comes out of the needle orifice towards the neural canal. Discussion. The most common technique for performing caudal epidural infiltration is usually done in the prone position with the head turned to one side using an X-ray arch. Using this technique we show that the puncture is less aggressive, quicker and with fewer possibilities of complications. The risk of perforating the dural sac is practically non-existent. There is also less risk of producing haematomas or infections, due to there being much less manipulation of the needle and only involves a direct puncture. Discussion. In the 100% of cases on which our technique has been performed, the diffusion of the administered medication has been made in the cranial direction, which has been verified using contrast added to the pharmacological mixture (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Infiltração-Percolação/métodos , Anestesia Local , Anestesia Caudal/métodos , Anestesia Caudal , /instrumentação , /métodos , Anestesia por Condução/instrumentação , Anestesia por Condução/métodos , Dor/terapia , Anestesia por Condução/estatística & dados numéricos , Anestesia por Condução/tendências , Anestesia por Condução , Espondilartrite/terapia , Artrodese/métodos
8.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 49(4): 201-204, abr. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-13963

RESUMO

Durante las osteotomías que se realizan en la cirugía ortognática, el tubo traqueal corre el riesgo de ser cortado parcial o completamente. Los peligros potenciales ante esta complicación son el compromiso de la ventilación y oxigenación junto con el riesgo de broncoaspiración. Presentamos dos casos en los que, debido al tamaño de la sección del tubo, las características de los pacientes y las expectativas de ventilación postoperatoria requirieron de un manejo diferente. En el primer caso, la simple estabilización del tubo y sellado de la fuga con gasas humedecidas, bastó para asegurar una correcta protección de la vía aérea. En el segundo caso, ideamos un conector que se pudo adaptar a los dos fragmentos seccionados del tubo y, con una aceptable seguridad, permitió incluso la ventilación postoperatoria (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Osteotomia de Le Fort , Cavidade Nasal , Respiração Artificial , Mordida Aberta , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Complicações Intraoperatórias , Intubação Intratraqueal , Falha de Equipamento , Neoplasias Maxilares
9.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 49(4): 201-4, 2002 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14606380

RESUMO

During osteotomy in orthognathic surgery, the tracheal tube is in danger of being partially or completely cut, a complication that can lead to failure of ventilation/oxygenation or bronchial aspiration. We report two cases of tracheal tube damage in which we had to manage the airway differently in relation to the size of the cuts, patient characteristics and the expectation of postoperative ventilation requirements. In the first case, the airway was safeguarded by simply stabilizing the tube and sealing the leak with wet compresses. In the second case, we were able to attach a connector to the two sections of the damaged tube, a system that afforded sufficient safety and even allowed us to provide postoperative ventilation.


Assuntos
Intubação Intratraqueal/instrumentação , Osteotomia de Le Fort , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Falha de Equipamento , Feminino , Humanos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Maxilares/cirurgia , Cavidade Nasal , Mordida Aberta/cirurgia , Respiração Artificial/instrumentação
10.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 46(2): 55-9, 1999 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10100438

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of the cuffed oropharyngeal airway (COPA), a new device for airway control, in 45 patients scheduled for colonoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patients were anesthetized with propofol and the COPA was applied following the manufacturer's recommendations. Positive pressure ventilation was provided at first, and later the patients were allowed to breathe spontaneously. RESULTS: The mean dose of propofol needed to place the COPA correctly was 2.3 +/- 0.3 mg.kg-1. "Free hands" anesthesia was possible in 43 procedures (96%). Placement had to be attempted several times in five patients (11%) before adequate ventilation was achieved. Two patients (4%) had to be switched to a smaller or larger size COPA. In two others (4%), the technique was abandoned because of inadequate ventilation. No hemodynamic changes were observed after placement, although systolic blood pressure tended to increase slightly during colonoscopy, while heart rate decreased. Spontaneous ventilation was possible in all cases and respiratory frequency and end-tidal CO2 increased significantly during colonoscopy. No cases of laryngospasm or sore throat were observed, although 10 patients (22%) coughed upon emergence from anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: The COPA is a new alternative to intubation or other methods for controlling the airway during short procedures, making "free hands" anesthesia possible in most cases. Provided contraindications are respected, the number and seriousness of complications seems to be minimal.


Assuntos
Colonoscopia , Respiração com Pressão Positiva/instrumentação , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anestésicos Intravenosos , Desenho de Equipamento , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxigênio/sangue , Propofol
11.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 45(5): 204-7, 1998 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9646671

RESUMO

Epidermolysis bullosa encompasses a group of rare clinical profiles marked by the formation of bullae on the skin and mucosa as the result of slight mechanical trauma. The anesthesiologist must take certain safety measures to monitor the airway and must expect difficult venous access in patients with this disease. We report our experience in providing anesthesia by various techniques for plastic and maxillofacial surgery. Most anesthetic techniques can be considered safe if they are performed with care and attention to detail.


Assuntos
Anestesia/métodos , Epidermólise Bolhosa , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
12.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 44(8): 302-4, 1997 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9424682

RESUMO

HYPOTHESIS AND OBJECTIVES: Inflation of the tracheal tube cuff to facilitate blind nasal intubation as described by Gobarck in 1987 has been shown to be effective for increasing the rate of successful intubation from 45 to 95% in patients with no airway alterations. We aimed to assess the usefulness of this technique in patients with anatomical alterations of the airway, in whom difficult intubation was predicted. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled 25 patients with airway alterations that made laryngoscopy likely to be difficult and who were scheduled for neoplastic maxillofacial surgery. RESULTS: Twelve patients (48%) were intubated on the first try, 5 (20%) on the second try and 6 (24%) on the third try. We were unable to intubate 2 patients (8%) after three tries, and therefore opted to intubate with a fiberoptic endoscope. CONCLUSIONS: Inflation of the tracheal tube cuff is useful for facilitating nasotracheal intubation in the awake patient.


Assuntos
Intubação Intratraqueal/métodos , Laringoscopia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Intubação Intratraqueal/instrumentação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
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