Development and psychometric properties of an instrument to measure sleep behavior self-regulation in adolescent students.

Background: The prevalence of inadequate sleep among adolescents is a significant worry due to its potential to adversely affect their health and academic performance. Addressing this matter necessitates a comprehensive grasp of the underlying factors influencing sleep regulation and the formulation of evidence-based interventions to counteract its detrimental consequences. Hence, the central objective of this study is to create and assess a dependable questionnaire designed to evaluate adolescents' self-regulation of sleep behavior. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from 401 high school students randomly selected from west Iran were incorporated and subjected to psychometric assessments. The average age of the participants was 16.5 ± 0.92. Initially, 136 preliminary items were formulated, drawing from a contextual framework and comprehensive literature review. The subsequent steps involved specialized analyses, including content validity analysis, item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, as well as convergent validity analysis. Results: Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses support a strong structural model, including factors like self-control, outcome expectation, goal setting, and self-efficacy, which are linked to regulating sleep behavior. The model fit was satisfactory. The instrument had 22 items which demonstrated good internal consistency, adequate test-retest reliability, and evidence of convergent validity. Conclusion: In future studies exploring sleep behavior, the present questionnaire, which has demonstrated initial validity and reliability, holds the potential to provide valuable assistance in evaluating and enhancing self-regulation in sleep behavior, particularly within school environments.

Educational intervention of parents and teachers for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

BACKGROUND: Educating parents and teachers is very important in managing child behavior, so the present study investigates the effect of parent-teacher educational intervention on reducing ADHD symptoms in children. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This quasi-experimental study with a randomized control group before and after. The multi-stage cluster sampling method was used in this study. Seventy-two children and their parents and teachers participated in this study. They were selected using the multistage cluster sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of test and control. Data collected by CSI-4 questionnaire and researcher-made questionnaires (knowledge, attitude, practice) of parents and teachers. Parents and teacher in test group participated in training sessions. Student's ADHD symptoms were assessed before and after the educational intervention. RESULTS: In this study, the mean (SD) age of the parents was 37.28 (6.24) and the age of the teacher was 45.50 (6/45). Covariance test show that, two months after the intervention, based on parent and teacher report, the mean total score of attention was increase significantly only in test group students. Also, the mean total of hyperactivity score was decreased significantly only in test group students (P < 0.001). Also, the score of knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents as well as teachers 2 months after the intervention was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Parents and teachers training and developing appropriate strategies to increase their awareness, attitude, and practice can diminish ADHD symptoms in all three aspects including inattention and reduce the side effects of ADHD. Planning in educating parents and teacher is essential to prevent impulsive and hyperactive behaviors.

Monitoring of Visible Particles in Parenteral Products by Manual Visual Inspection-Reassessing Size Threshold and Other Particle Characteristics that Define Particle Visibility.

Visible particles are a critical quality attribute for parenteral products and must be monitored. A carefully designed, executed, and controlled drug product manufacturing process including a final 100 % visual inspection and appropriate end-product controls ensures that visible particles are consistently minimized and demonstrates that the injectable DP is practically free from visible particles. Visual inspection, albeit appearing as a simple analytical procedure, requires several technical and operational controls to ensure adequate performance. To gather new data on particle visibility and shed light on this decade-old challenge, a multi-company blinded visual inspection threshold study was conducted. A major goal of the study was visual assessment of several particle types of different sizes in small volume vials, as a challenging configuration for visual inspection, across 9 biopharmaceutical companies in order to determine the visibility limit. The study results provide key insights into limitations and challenges of visual inspection, namely, no universal visibility limit can be applied to all particle types as the detectability varies with particle type, number, and size. The study findings underscore the necessity of setting realistic expectations on size-based visibility limits in visual inspection, robust procedures for analyst training and qualification, and harmonization of guidelines globally.

Design and Evaluating Psychometric Properties of the Eye Care Behaviors Assessment Instrument.

Background: Eye health is essential for quality-of-life. The present study aimed to design an eye care behaviors assessment instrument for the student community and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: The present mixed-method cross-sectional study was conducted in two sections using Creswell and Plano Clark methods for instrument development. The study was conducted in Isfahan, Iran, in 2021. The first section (textual analysis and qualitative research) explained and developed the instrument's fundamental items. This section included in-depth, semistructured interviews with 21 students and eight experts. The second section measured the psychometric properties of the instrument. Twenty students assessed the instrument's qualitative and quantitative face validity in this section. The instrument's content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were evaluated. In addition, exploratory factor analysis (performed by 251 students) was used to establish construct validity. Internal and test-retest reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), respectively. Results: During face and content validity assessment, a 37-item questionnaire was finalized. Exploratory factor analysis led to the identification of three factors, including "examinations and glasses-related behaviors," "symptom-related behaviors," and "screen-related behaviors." The three extracted factors accounted for 37.9% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha was equal to 0.874 when evaluating internal consistency, and the ICC value for the total score of the questionnaire was 0.885 (0.810-0.941), indicating excellent test-retest reliability. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the questionnaire's validity and reliability. This instrument assesses the prevalence of university students' most significant eye health risk behaviors. Consequently, it helps prevent eye problems.

Designing a tool for measuring determinants of eye self-care and evaluating its psychometric properties.

Background: Eye care is crucial for maintaining healthy vision. This study aimed to design a determinants assessment instrument related to eye self-care in the student community and evaluate its psychometric properties. Materials and Methods: The present mixed-method cross-sectional study was conducted in two sections using Creswell and Plano Clark methods for instrument development. The study was conducted in Isfahan, Iran, in 2021. The first section (textual analysis and qualitative research) explained and developed the instrument's fundamental items. This section included in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 21 students and eight experts. In the second, the psychometric properties of the designed instrument have been evaluated. Twenty students assessed the instrument's qualitative and quantitative face validity. The instrument's content was measured by computing the content validity ratio and content validity index. In addition, exploratory factor analysis (performed on 251 students) was used to establish construct validity. Internal and test-retest reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), respectively. Results: During face and content validity assessment, a 39-item questionnaire was finalized. Exploratory factor analysis led to the extraction of seven factors, including "perceived self-efficacy and self-regulation," "outcome expectation," "perceived barriers," "motivation," "perceived susceptibility," "normative beliefs," and "perceived severity." The seven extracted factors explained 48.6% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha was obtained to be 0.780, indicating good internal consistency, and the ICC for the total score of the questionnaire was 0.892 (95% confidence interval: 0.822-0.944), indicating excellent test-retest reliability. Conclusion: Our developed questionnaire was a valid and reliable instrument for assessing eye care determinants among students, a vulnerable population afflicted with eye defects and disorders.

Protective factors against suicide attempt in Iranian Kurdish women: a qualitative content analysis.

BACKGROUND: A proper understanding of the protective factors against suicide attempt can provide the basis for planning preventive interventions. This study aimed to identify protective factors against suicide attempt among women. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted in Kermanshah, Iran between January and May 2021. Participants were 20 Kurdish women, survivors of suicide attempt, selected by purposive sampling method. The data collection method was face-to face and audio-recorded semi-structured interview. Qualitative data analysis was done according to Diekelmann 7-step approach. FINDINGS: According to the results, the main topic was protective factors against suicide attempt in women, with two categories; "Individual factors" and "Social factors". "Individual factors" had five subcategories including coping strategies, reasons for living, resilience, religious beliefs, and fear of death, and "social factors" had two subcategories including social support and effective communication. CONCLUSION: This study showed that women who intend to commit suicide may encounter some individual and social factors that play a protective role against suicide. It is recommended to identify and strengthen these protective factors for the effectiveness of suicide prevention interventions.

Using social prescribing by Iranian medical students: a step towards community-orientation and social determinants of health by revising the health internship curriculum.

BACKGROUND: In order to meet patients' social needs, including social prescribing in the curriculum of medical students is a necessity. AIM: Becoming familiarized with the SDH perspective and referral method to link workers (LWs) and the principles of social prescribing (SP). METHODS: Using Levin's model, the intervention was performed in the field of health of medical students in 2018-2020 for 38 interns in Dezful University of Medical Sciences. Following holding meetings (Plan), a social case was selected and the social version (Act) was developed. Then the other students observed the prescription and identified the strengths and weaknesses (Reflect). Finally, the results were evaluated by Kirk Patrick model. RESULTS: At the reaction level, 63.14% agreed with the applicability of SP and 68.42% with its usefulness for prospective work; 97.36% believed that familiarity with the community context was essential and 78.93% considered SDH study and SP's necessary. At the learning level, over 90% of the total score was obtained. The results of behavior level included interest, compassion and following up people's problems, the level of results, empowerment and improving unhealthy living conditions of individuals. CONCLUSION: Promising positive results indicate that SP can be one of the ways of supporting primary health care.

Strategies to reduce road traffic injuries among motorcyclists in Dezful, Iran: stressing on legal and environmental factors.

BACKGROUND: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) have been eighth leading cause of death in the world and second leading one Iran in 2018. Every year, a large number of motorcycle RTIs lead to deaths and disabilities due to non-compliance with traffic rules and the traditional design of the streets and routes in Dezful, Iran. This study aims to pursue two goals: identifying the legal and environmental factors affecting motorcycle RTIs, and prioritizing effective strategies in reducing number of motorcycle RTIs in Dezful, Iran. METHODS: A mixed method approach was used in this study. In the qualitative phase, focus group meetings using key informants were used to identify the effective factors and in the quantitative one a matrix was used for prioritizing effective strategies in preventing motorcycle RTIs. RESULTS: 45 basic codes related to legal factors and 8 basic codes of environmental factors were derived from the focus group meetings. Six main legal factors and 3 main environmental factors were prioritized as the most effective strategies to reduce motorcycle RTIs. The legal factors with the highest score were: making visible: obstacles, motorcycles and pedestrians and motorcyclists using colors and stickers or glossy stickers, further monitoring and training of riders' license issuance schools, seriousness in enforcing the laws and dealing legally and seriously with violators, continuous marking of roads and streets, random check of motorcycle riders' license, and construction of public parking lots in crowded zones. The environmental ones were: identifying places where traffic signs are covered with trees, and reporting through the 137 call center, identifying and reporting shoulderless and hazardous roads by municipality, and Identifying and reporting accident-causing potholes through the 137 call center. CONCLUSIONS: All organizations and stakeholders involved in reducing motorcycle RTIs, should take benefit from different recommendation - i.e. education & awareness, law enforcement and legal actions, environmental actions, collaborations, partnerships, and lobbying, and research.

Investigating the effect of cognitive-behavioral educational intervention on the development of female teenagers' social skills in Khomeini Shahr.

BACKGROUND: Social skills are necessary for teenagers to have good interactions, accept roles, and adapt to conditions in the community. The present study investigated the effect of cognitive-behavioral educational intervention on students' social skills. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This experimental study was completed on 102 female students in Khomeini Shahr, Isfahan. Fifty-seven students participated in the online cognitive-behavioral educational program of social skills for five sessions, and 57 students were assigned to the control group. The data from the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (for subjects aged 4-18 years old) were collected before and 1 month after the interventional program. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Chi-squared test. RESULTS: The independent t-test showed that before the intervention, the total mean score of social skills and its variables were not significantly different between the intervention and control groups (P > 0.05). However, after the intervention, the total mean score of social skills and the variables of appropriate communication skills, relationship with peers, and impulsive behaviors in the intervention group was significantly more than the control group, but the mean scores of antisocial and arrogant behaviors (haughtiness) were not significantly different between the two times in the intervention and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that participation in educational intervention significantly increased student's social skills development; it is suggested to incorporate cognitive-behavioral intervention in educational programs for adolescents.

Role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in nervous system disorders.

During the past decade, accumulating evidence from the research highlights the suggested effects of bacterial communities of the human gut microbiota and their metabolites on health and disease. In this regard, microbiota-derived metabolites and their receptors, beyond the immune system, maintain metabolism homeostasis, which is essential to maintain the host's health by balancing the utilization and intake of nutrients. It has been shown that gut bacterial dysbiosis can cause pathology and altered bacterial metabolites' formation, resulting in dysregulation of the immune system and metabolism. The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, acetate, and succinate, are produced due to the fermentation process of bacteria in the gut. It has been noted remodeling in the gut microbiota metabolites associated with the pathophysiology of several neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stress, anxiety, depression, autism, vascular dementia, schizophrenia, stroke, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, among others. This review will discuss the current evidence from the most significant studies dealing with some SCFAs from gut microbial metabolism with selected neurological disorders.

Knowledge, attitude, and behavior of elementary teachers regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

INTRODUCTION: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder in child psychiatry, which has a greater impact on the future life of the children affected in case of being untreated and undiagnosed. Given the undeniable role of teachers in improving this disorder and preventing its destructive consequences on children, the present research has examined the knowledge, attitude, and practice of elementary school teachers regarding ADHD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in 2019. One hundred and twenty teachers were randomly selected as samples among public and private schools in three districts of Isfahan. Data were collected by a self-administrated questionnaire including demographic variables, knowledge, attitude, and practice of teachers regarding ADHD and were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics. The Spearman's and Kendall' correlation coefficient, t-test, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were employed, and P < 0.50 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The findings indicated that 65% of teachers had favorable knowledge toward ADHD, 50% of them had a favorable attitude, and 56% of their practice was desirable. The questionnaire showed that only their knowledge about ADHD symptoms was desirable, but their knowledge about cause of the disorder and its treatment was not sufficient. There was an inverse relationship between the knowledge, attitude, and practice of teachers with age, and between education and having a child, a significant direct relationship was discovered. Teachers of public schools compared to private school teachers had significantly better knowledge, attitude, and practice. CONCLUSION: Teachers' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding ADHD was relatively high. However, it is necessary to educate teachers about etiology and methods of treatment of this disorder and behavior management of these students, especially private school teachers who need more education.

Studying the predictive factors of suicide attempts in patients with type 1 bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder has the highest suicide attempt rate among psychiatric disorders. Many factors are associated with the risk of suicide attempt in patients with type 1 bipolar disorder, but the relation between them has still not been explicitly stated. This study aimed to examine the predictability of suicide attempt risk in BID patients based on quality of life, stressful life events, comorbidity of axis I disorders and medication compliance. We selected 140 inpatients with type 1 bipolar disorder by convenient sampling. Then they completed the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, Paykel's stressful life events scale and the medication adherence report scale (MARS). Logistic regression analysis showed that bipolar patients with axis I comorbidity are 40 times more likely to attempt suicide than those without axis I comorbidity. The higher the patients' quality of life, the lower the chance of attempt of suicide. Higher medication compliance reduces the likelihood of suicidal attempt in these patients. And, the increase of stressful life events would raise the risk of suicide attempts, but the relationship wasn't significant. So it can be concluded that quality of life, stressful life events and axis I comorbidity can predict the risk of suicide attempts in patients with type 1 bipolar disorder.

Assessment of educational intervention in enhancing parenting self-efficacy in parents of primary school students.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Parenting self-efficacy, which is one of the main determinants of effective and positive parental behavior, has been commonly defined as the parents' opinions and beliefs to develop their ability to affect their children in a way that raises their confidence development and adjustment. This study was performed to examine the effect of educational intervention on parenting self-efficacy in parents of primary school students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 104 parents of primary school students in Khomeini Shahr city, Isfahan province of Iran, in 2017. In this study, 104 parents (52 couples) of primary school students were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Then, an educational intervention was implemented in the experimental group during 6 sessions of 2 h while the control group received only the usual family school education program. The parenting self-efficacy was measured before the intervention and 2 months afterward. The data were analyzed by independent t-test, paired t-test. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the demographic variables of parents in both groups. Both the experimental and control groups were similar in terms of age, number of children, education, and employment as well as parenting self-efficacy. Two months after the intervention, the mean of total parenting self-efficacy, as well as play and entertainment with the child, discipline and boundaries, self-acceptance, learning and knowledge in the experimental group, were significantly higher than the control group, but the mean scores of other areas were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Educational interventions that engage parents in group task and facilitate expression of experiences, are feasible in the primary school meetings and have a helpful effect on parenting self-efficacy.

The survey of quality of life, perceived stress, and its relationship with marital satisfaction in married women working at health centers.

INTRODUCTION: Employed women experience a wide range of stresses that will potentially impact on their quality of life, mental status, and marital satisfaction. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the above components in employed women. METHODS: The statistical population of this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was 124 married employed women of Khorramabad Health Center. The WHO Standard Questionnaire (SF-36), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (COHEN questionnaire), Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (ENRICH questionnaire 47), and Demographic Information Questionnaire were used to collect data. Information was analyzed by SPSS software. RESULTS: Most of the participants in the research had a good (45/2%) and very good (34/7%) quality of life. Most of them reported high (57/1%) and very high (15/3%) levels of marital satisfaction. Furthermore, the majority of women participating in the study had a low level (64/5%) of perceived stress. There was a significant inverse correlation between perceived stress and marital satisfaction (r = -0/446, P < 0.001) and quality of life (r = -0/612, P < 0.05). There was a direct correlation between marital satisfaction and quality of life (r = -0/449, P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that the importance of quality of life and perceived stress scores, respectively, were significant predictors of marital satisfaction score. There was no statistically significant correlation between the total score of quality of life and marital satisfaction with demographic variables; only a weak relationship was found between perceived stress and family monthly income (r = -0/184, P = 0/04). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that quality of life and perceived stress can be significant predictors of marital satisfaction in married employed women.

The relationship between media literacy and psychological well-being in adolescent girls in Semirom city.

CONTEXT: In recent years, the media have had very massive effects on individuals, especially children and adolescents. Hence, they should be able to use media rationally also be able to create digital, multimedia texts, and attain media literacy. Media literacy is a skill based on understanding and gives the audience the opportunity to use the media appropriately and critically. AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between media literacy and mental psychology of high school students in Semirom city. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This correlational study was conducted with the participation of 139 adolescent girls selected using multi-stage random sampling, in Semirom city, Isfahan province, the Central of Iran, in 2017. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data were measured using researcher-made media literacy questionnaire, psychological well-being Scales of Ryff. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics (Pearson correlations) were used. The statistical significant level was set as 0.05. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation between family economic situation, parental education, and media literacy score. Media literacy was significantly correlated with total psychological well-being (r = 0.165, P < 0.05), personal growth subscale (r = 0.216, P < 0.05), and self-acceptance subscale (r = 0.218, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the importance of psychological well-being in adolescents' life, the design of educational interventions to increase media literacy is recommended.

Life satisfaction, general self-efficacy, self-esteem, and communication skills in married women.

INTRODUCTION: Life satisfaction and its determinants in married women are essential for the development of proper preventive programs. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the communication skills, self-efficacy, and self-esteem with life satisfaction in married women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on married women who were selected by multistage random sampling, in Naien city health centers. Data were collected using the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSE), and revised version of communication skills test. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20 by descriptive statistics. Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses were used. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses and ANOVA were used. RESULTS: According to the regression analysis test, 35.8% of the total variance in life satisfaction was accounted for by self-efficacy, communication skills, and self-esteem. Pearson correlations demonstrated that all correlations between the variables were statistically significant. In particular, self-efficacy, communication skills, and self-esteem had positively correlated with life satisfaction (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: General self-efficacy highly correlated with life satisfaction in married women. Therefore, in order to increase life satisfaction in married women, it is necessary to focus more on self-efficacy promotion strategies.

Does Spousal Support Can Increase the Women's Physical Activity?

BACKGROUND: Numerous benefits of physical activity are well-known for the prevention and treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and cancers. However, the status of physical activities among women remains noticeably less than the recommended level. Considering the importance of the spouses' participation in the promotion of women's health, this study examined the impact of spousal support on women's physical activity. METHODS: This semi--experimental study was done in February 2015 on 100 couples in reproductive age referred to health centers of Falavarjan city. The participants were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The information related to women's physical activity in both groups was collected by aquestionnaire in two steps, before and three months after the intervention. The spouses of women in the intervention group were trained in the field of the importance of physical activity in women's health in two sessions. The data were analyzed by the software SPSS21 and suitable statistical tests (Independent t, paired t, and Chi-square). RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation of women's age in the both groups were 28.76±5.51 and 30.38±5.31, respectively. The prevalence of obesity and overweight in the women under the study was generally estimated 44%. Physical activities of women in the intervention group were significantly increased after the intervention (P<0.0001). Also, the Body Mass Index in the intervention group was significantly decreased compared to before the intervention and control group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Spouses could encourage women to perform physical activities. It is recommended that the health care system should implement educational sessions for men to encourage women to exercise.

Effect of anger management education on mental health and aggression of prisoner women.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: "Uncontrolled anger" threats the compatible and health of people as serious risk. The effects of weaknesses and shortcomings in the management of anger, from personal distress and destruction interpersonal relationships beyond and linked to the public health problems, lack of compromises, and aggressive behavior adverse outcomes. This study investigates the effects of anger management education on mental health and aggression of prisoner women in Isfahan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The single-group quasi-experimental (pretest, posttest) by prisoner women in the central prison of Isfahan was done. Multi-stage random sampling method was used. Initially, 165 women were selected randomly and completed the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire-28, and among these, those with scores >78 (the cut point) in aggression scale was selected and among them 70 were randomly selected. In the next step, interventions in four 90 min training sessions were conducted. Posttest was performed within 1-month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20 software. RESULTS: Data analysis showed that anger management training was effective in reducing aggression (P < 0.001) and also had a positive effect on mental health (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the importance of aggression in consistency and individual and collective health and according to findings, presented educational programs on anger management is essential for female prisoners.

The Effects of Education on Spirituality through Virtual Social Media on the Spiritual Well-Being of the Public Health Students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2015.

BACKGROUND: The role and effects of people's spiritual well-being have received more attention in recent years. Knowing the factors related to spiritual well-being, especially in students as the educated class and future builders of society, is too important. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of education on spirituality through social media in the spirituality well-being of public health students of Isfahan University of medical science. METHODS: A semi-experimental, pre-test, post-test study was conducted on 50 under- graduate public health students (3 men, 47 women; age range 18-30 years) of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences through convenience and purposive sampling. The educational content of spirituality education was used to promote and improve spiritual well-being, being sent by using one of the mobile phone applications. Using spiritual well-being questionnaire, the level of the individuals' spiritual well-being before and after the educational was evaluated. To analyze the data in this study, descriptive statistics and t-test were use SPSS software was used to analyze the data and the significance level was considered lower than 0.05%. RESULT: In total, 50 students including 3 men and 47women participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 22.02±3.78. About 68% of the students were single and the remaining were married. The score of the participants' spiritual well-being was 96.5 before the intervention and it promoted to 103.3 after the intervention. The result of the analysis by t-test on the two groups showed that spirituality education can cause a significant increase in peoples' spiritual well-being (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: After the educational intervention, the level of people's spiritual well-being increased significantly. As a result, spirituality education causes conditions to improve the peoples' spiritual well-being.