Primary structure of the oligosaccharide chain of lipopeptidophosphoglycan of epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi.

The lipopeptidophosphoglycan of epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi is composed of a glycan linked through a non-N-acetylated glucosamine residue to an inositol phosphorylceramide. Using conventional analysis techniques, including 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy and negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy, the structure of the carbohydrate-containing part of the molecule is determined as: (Sequence: see text). There is uncertainty as to which 2-O-substituted alpha-D-Manp unit is attached the side chain or whether it is distributed between the two units. Some of the structures lack the Galf side chain. The inositol unit is linked to ceramide via a phosphodiester bridge. The major aliphatic components of the ceramide portion were lignoceric acid and sphinganine.

[Cadmium and lead levels in domestic and imported cigarettes]. / Badanie zawartosci kadmu i olowiu w papierosach krajowych i zagranicznych.

The content of cadmium and lead was determined in several most popular brands of cigarettes produced in Poland (Carmen, Caro, Extra Mocne, Klubowe, Popularne, Radomskie, Marlboro--produced on the licence of the Philip Morris and in cigarettes imported from Albania (Durres Special, Arberia), Yugoslavia (Jugo) and Cuba (Tobaco Dorado 767, Kim). The samples of these cigarettes were taken from retail market five times at intervals of one month in 1984, (Polish cigarettes) and in 1985 (foreign cigarettes). Cadmium and lead were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after dry mineralization of samples at 400 degrees C and extraction of complexes of metals with APDC into butyl acetate. The mean levels of cadmium and lead (microgram/g) in the studied cigarette brands were respectively: Carmen 1.95, 1.59; Caro 2.12, 1.59; Extra Mocne 4.15, 1.95; Klubowe 2.70, 1.57; Popularne 2.97, 1.54; Radomskie 3.19, 1.46; Marlboro 1.34, 0.87; Durres Special 1.28, 0.80; Arberia 1.09, 0.81; Jugo 1.72, 1.19; Tobacco Dorado 767 1.11, 0.52; Kim 0.98, 0.61.