Cardiorenal Syndromes: Evaluation and Management.

Cardiorenal syndromes (CRS) describe disorders effecting critically ill and hospitalized patients with concurrent heart and kidney dysfunction. The presence of CRS is associated with a poor prognosis. This article is a review of the epidemiology, pathology, and evidence-based evaluation and management strategies for cardiorenal syndromes. All nurses should understand the significance that chronic heart and kidney disease has upon a patient's risk for CRS. Registered and advanced practice nurses should maintain the knowledge and skills of understanding the pathology of CRS to improve the evaluation and management of patients who present with CRS.

Hypertension.

This article seeks to inform the reader about the global burden of hypertension and highlight the need for therapies to reduce societal costs and mortality associated with hypertension. Hypertension is a worldwide health concern for which international and European evidence and guidelines should be incorporated with the high-quality evidence that has been generated and synthesized in the United States. Together the guidelines broaden our understanding of hypertension and how best to manage the disease based upon realistic resources available across countries and regions where resources are more limited in availability.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a spectrum of liver injuries that can be classified by phenotype and injury patterns. Some injury patterns can be predicted in a number of drugs that are commonly used in practice, but idiosyncratic reactions are unpredictable and are not dose related. There are diagnostic criteria to assist in the classification of DILI phenotype as well as therapeutic interventions to ensure maximal support to the patient affected with DILI to include referral for liver transplantation in some cases.