The effect of social networking sites on the relationship between perceived social support and depression.

This study examined whether Social Networking Sites (SNSs) have a negative moderator effect on the established relationship between perceived social support and depression in psychiatric inpatients. Survey instruments assessing for depression, perceived social support, and SNS use, were filled out by 301 psychiatric inpatients. Additional data on age, gender, and primary psychiatric diagnosis were collected. A step-wise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine significant interactions. There was no significant interaction of SNS use on the relationship between perceived social support and depression when measured by Social Media Use Integration Scale or by hours of SNS use per day. There was a significant negative relationship between perceived social support and depression, and a significant positive relationship between hours of SNS use per day and depression, measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Limitations include a gender discrepancy among participants, generalizability, recall bias, and SNS measurement. This is the first study to look at SNS use and depression in psychiatric inpatients. SNS use did not affect perceived social support or the protective relationship between perceived social support and depression. Hours of SNS use per day were correlated with depression scores. Future studies between SNS use and depression should quantify daily SNS use.

Increased Activity in Unstructured Versus Structured Gym Time in an After-School Program.

BACKGROUND: More than 10 million American youth engage in after-school programs that provide an opportunity to increase physical activity. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that children in unstructured gym time (free) would have greater activity than both structured gym time (structured) and when increased screen time was available. METHODS: Three interventions were compared in a nested design, with each two-week intervention preceded and followed by a two-week control period. Seventy-four children aged 6 to 12 years were enrolled and wore pedometers during the interventions. RESULTS: Mean pedometer counts were higher during free than structured gym time (p=0.01), which was more apparent in boys (p=0.02) than girls (p=0.24). Neither age nor habitual activity was associated with pedometer counts. Body mass index (BMI) was inversely correlated with counts during free gym time (r=-0.314) in boys and girls combined. Accident rates did not differ among interventions. CONCLUSIONS: After-school programs may be appropriate environments to increase activity levels, but greatest increases were observed in children with the lowest BMIs and may not be as effective in girls as boys. Future research should focus on identifying where children at risk of overweight spend their time and how to implement a program designed at increasing activity levels within those spaces.