Improving Care at Emergency Department Discharge for Pediatric Patients with Anaphylaxis Using a Quality Improvement Framework.

Introduction: Anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal systemic reaction that requires prompt recognition and targeted treatment. Despite international consensus and national guidelines, there is often incomplete care for pediatric patients discharged from the emergency department (ED) with a diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Our institution experienced wide variability in discharge planning for patients with anaphylaxis. The goal of our study was to improve care at ED discharge for pediatric patients with anaphylaxis using a quality improvement framework. The specific aims were to increase the frequency of patients diagnosed with anaphylaxis who receive an anaphylaxis action plan at ED discharge from 0% to 60% and to increase referrals to an allergy clinic from a baseline of 61%-80% between October 2020 and April 2021. Methods: Targeted interventions included revisions to the electronic health record system, forging interdisciplinary partnerships and emphasizing provider education. Outcome measures were the proportion of patients receiving an anaphylaxis action plan and an allergy clinic follow-up. The balancing measure was the ED length of stay. Results: The study showed an increase in anaphylaxis action plans from 0% to 34%. Allergy clinic referral rates improved from 61% to 82% within the same period. The average length of stay of 347 minutes remained unchanged. Conclusions: Revising the discharge instructions to include an anaphylaxis action plan and reinforcing provider behaviors with educational interventions led to an overall improvement in discharge care for patients with anaphylaxis. Future work will focus on electronic health record changes to continue progress in additional clinical settings.

Improving Timeliness of ß-Agonist and Corticosteroid Administration in Patients With Acute Wheezing.

OBJECTIVE: Timely delivery of ß-agonists and steroids to patients with acute recurrent wheezing is a key component of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute recommended emergency department (ED) asthma care. We conducted an ED improvement initiative to standardize asthma care and improve time to treatments. METHODS: Our multidisciplinary team identified key contributing factors to timeliness, developed key driver diagrams, implemented and refined a management pathway, designed and executed rapid cycle improvements, and implemented interventions. A time series design was used to analyze outcomes with baseline data and continuous monitoring during active intervention steps. The primary outcomes analyzed were the times to first ß-agonist and steroid administration. Secondary outcomes included admission rate, ED length of stay, and ED revisits. RESULTS: Assignment of the Pediatric Asthma Score, our initial pathway step, occurred in most patients within the first several months. Time to first ß-agonist administration decreased from the baseline mean of 76 minutes to 27 minutes. Time to steroid administration decreased from the baseline mean of 108 minutes to 49 minutes. Mean monthly admission rate remained at 22% with no special cause variation identified. The ED revisit rate was not negatively impacted and, in most months, was 0%. CONCLUSIONS: By standardizing asthma care in our ED and redesigning care delivery processes, care variation decreased and significant improvements in timeliness of ß-agonist and steroid administration occurred.

Elastic bands on the wrist: a not so "silly" complication.

The recent popularity of elastic bands on the wrist may put children at risk for acute compartment syndrome. Acute compartment syndrome is a limb-threatening condition characterized by elevated interstitial pressure in a confined fascial compartment. If left untreated, it may result in tissue necrosis, irreversible nerve and muscle injury, and permanent functional impairment. We report a case of a 2½-year-old girl with history of a rubber band around her wrist, who presented to the emergency department with a swollen, blue hand suggestive of an impending compartment syndrome. Although this patient ultimately was not diagnosed with acute compartment syndrome, we discuss the importance of prevention, early diagnosis, and prompt treatment of compartment syndrome to prevent permanent disability.