RESUMO
Here we report the genomic organization and mapping of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis gene (BIRC4, also known as XIAP and hILP) and the identification of a closely related transcript. BIRC4 is located on Xq25 and is composed of seven exons. The intron/exon structure is highly conserved between the mouse homologue and its human counterpart. Four bands cross-react with a BIRC4 coding region probe on a genomic Southern blot. One of these cross-reactive bands encodes an intronless gene that expresses a 2.2-kb transcript solely in the testis. This testis-specific transcript contains a putative open reading frame (ORF) that is homologous to the carboxy-terminal end of BIRC4; overexpression of this ORF shows protective effects against BAX-induced apoptosis.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Proteínas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2 , Cromossomo X/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Southern Blotting , Western Blotting , Linhagem Celular , Clonagem Molecular , Sequência Conservada , Éxons , Feminino , Biblioteca Gênica , Células HeLa , Humanos , Íntrons , Masculino , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Proteínas/análise , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/fisiologia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Testículo/metabolismo , Transfecção , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose Ligadas ao Cromossomo X , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2RESUMO
We report the genomic organization, mapping, and tissue distribution of the human inhibitors of apoptosis, HIAP1 and HIAP2. HIAP1 is 8.7 kb in length and is contained within eight coding and two non-coding (5'UTR) exons. The 4.5-kb HIAP2 message is contained within eight coding region exons and a single 5'UTR exon. The HIAP1 and HIAP2 genes lie in tandem on Chromosome (Chr) 11 (q22-23) with the intergenic distance being approximately 7 kb. The tissue distributions of HIAP1 and HIAP2 appear similar although the relative expression of HIAP1 is generally higher. Expression is highest in the kidney, small intestine, liver, and lung and lowest in tissues of the central nervous system.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 11 , Proteínas/genética , Regiões 5' não Traduzidas , Apoptose/genética , Sequência de Bases , Éxons , Humanos , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose , Íntrons , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mapeamento Físico do Cromossomo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Distribuição Tecidual , Ubiquitina-Proteína LigasesRESUMO
Quartz grains that appear to have been shock-metamorphosed occur within three closely spaced shale beds from the uppermost Triassic ("Rhaetian") Calcare a Rhaetavicula in the Northern Apennines of Italy. The upper shale coincides with the abrupt termination of the distinctive, uppermost Triassic Rhaetavicula fauna and is overlain by the Hettangian (Lower Jurassic) Calcare Massiccio; no extinctions appear to be associated with the two lower layers, which occur 1.2 and 2.4 meters below the boundary shale. Approximately 5 to 10% of the quartz grains within these layers exhibit one or more sets of planar deformational features whose orientations cluster around the rational crystallographic planes (basal, omega, and pi) most commonly observed in shocked quartz. Textural and stratigraphic observations support an interpretation of at least three closely spaced impacts at the end of the Triassic.
