The effect of natural iron oxide and oxalic acid on the photocatalytic degradation of isoproturon: a kinetics and analytical study.

The photocatalytic degradation of isoproturon, a persistent toxic herbicide, was investigated in the presence of natural iron oxide and oxalic acid and under UV irradiation. The influence of the relevant parameters such as the pH and the iron oxide and oxalic acid concentrations has been studied. The presence of natural iron oxide and oxalic acid in the system effectively allow the degradation of isoproturon, whereas the presence of t-butyl alcohol adversely affects the phototransformation of the target pollutant, thus indicating that an OH radical initiated the degradation mechanism. The degradation mechanism of isoproturon was investigated by means of GC-MS analysis. Oxidation of both the terminal N-(CH3)2 and isopropyl groups is the initial process leading to N-monodemethylated (NHCH3), N-formyl (N(CH3)CHO), and CHCH3OH as the main intermediates. The substitution of the isopropyl group by an OH group is also observed as a side process.

Formation mechanisms and yields of small imidazoles from reactions of glyoxal with NH4(+) in water at neutral pH.

Imidazoles have numerous applications in pharmacology, chemistry, optics and electronics, making the development of their environmentally-friendly synthetic procedures worthwhile. In this work, the formation of imidazole, imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde, and 2,2-bis-1H-imidazole was investigated in the self-reaction of glyoxal and its cross-reactions with each of these compounds in aqueous solutions of inorganic ammonium salts at pH =7. Such conditions are relevant both as cheap and environmentally-friendly synthetic procedures and for the chemistry of natural environments where NH4(+) is abundant, such as in atmospheric aerosols. These reactions were investigated both by (1)H-NMR and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy at room temperature with the objective to determine the formation pathways of the three imidazoles and the parameters affecting their yields, to identify the optimal conditions for their synthesis. The results show that only the simplest imidazole is produced by the self-reaction of glyoxal and that imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde and 2,2-bis-1H-imidazole are produced by cross-reactions of glyoxal with imidazole and imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde, respectively. The yields of imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde and 2,2-bis-1H-imidazole formed by the cross-reactions were close to unity, but the yield of imidazole formed by the self-reaction of glyoxal, YIm, was small and varied inversely with the initial glyoxal concentration, [G]0: YIm > 10% only for [G]0 < 0.1 M. The latter result was attributed to the kinetic competition between the imidazole-forming condensation pathway and the acetal/oligomer formation pathway of the glyoxal self-reaction and constitutes a bottleneck for the formation of higher imidazoles. Other parameters such as pH and the NH4(+) concentration did not affect the yields. Thus, by maintaining small glyoxal concentrations, high imidazole yields can be achieved in environmentally-friendly aqueous ammonium solutions at neutral pH. Under the same conditions, higher yields are expected expected from substituted carbonyl compounds, regardless of their concentration, as they produce less acetals.

Lesions muqueuses d'origine prothetique chez l'edente total : prise en charge therapeutique : a propos d'un cas clinique

Chez de nombreux patients; le port d'anciennes protheses completes peut etre a l'origine de diverses lesions au niveau de la muqueuse buccale. Ces lesions peuvent etre hyperplasiques; de type epulis fissuratum ou cretes flottantes ou non tumorales telles que la stomatite sous prothetique. Cet article; expose a travers un cas clinique; les demarches therapeutiques des lesions de la fibro-muqueuse; secondaires au port de protheses mal adaptees et ce; en vue d'une rehabilitation prothetique conventionnelle