Gestão do tempo: percepções de gerenciamento com estudantes de Pós-Graduação / Time management: management perceptions with graduate students / Gestión del tiempo: percepciones de gestión con estudiantes de posgrado

O objetivo desse estudo foi compreender como alunos de Mestrado e Doutorado em Psicologia percebem sua gestão do tempo. Realizou-se uma oficina com seis doutorandos e outra com 12 mestrandos, com idades entre 24 e 55 anos (M = 38,83 DP = 9,59). Os voluntários foram informados dos objetivos e as falas analisadas por meio do software IRAMUTEQ. Os resultados apontaram que os estudantes procuram gerenciar o tempo para serem eficientes no cumprimento das atividades e empenham-se para distinguir o que é inadiável e o que pode ser postergado. O estudo contribuiu para o conhecimento sobre a reflexão crítica do gerenciamento do tempo. Estudos prospectivos podem contar com estudantes de programas de Pós-Graduação de diferentes localidades, além de diferenciar percepções segundo o gênero.

The objective of this study was to understand how Master and PhD students in Psychology perceive their time management. Were held two workshops with six doctoral students and another with 12 master's students, aged between 24 and 55 years (M = 38.83 and SD = 9.59). The volunteers were informed of the objectives and the statements were analyzed using the IRAMUTEQ software. The results showed that students try to manage time to be efficient in carrying out activities and strive to distinguish what is urgent and what can be postponed. The study contributed to the critical reflection of time management. Prospective studies could rely on students from graduate programs in different locations, in addition to differentiating perceptions according to gender.

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender cómo los estudiantes de Maestría y Doctorado en Psicología perciben su gestión del tiempo. Se realizaron dos talleres con seis estudiantes de doctorado y otro con 12 estudiantes de maestría, con edades entre 24 y 55 años (M = 38,83 y DT = 9,59). Se informó a los voluntarios de los objetivos y se analizaron las declaraciones utilizando el software IRAMUTEQ. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes intentan gestionar el tiempo para ser eficientes en la realización de las actividades y se esfuerzan por distinguir qué es urgente y qué se puede postergar. El estudio contribuyó a la reflexión crítica sobre la gestión del tiempo. Los estudios prospectivos podrían apoyarse en estudiantes de programas de posgrado en diferentes ubicaciones, además de diferenciar las percepciones según el género.

A Competência Social de Professores segundo Mães e Pais por Ciclo do Ensino Fundamental / The Social Competence of Teachers according to Mothers and Fathers by Cycle of Elementary School / La Competencia Social de los Docentes según Madres y Padres por Ciclo de Primaria

A realização deste estudo teve como objetivo identificar as concepções que as mães e os pais do primeiro e do segundo ciclos do Ensino Fundamental têm sobre a Competência Social de professores de escolas públicas e privadas da região do Rio de Janeiro, Niterói e São Gonçalo. A partir de entrevistas com 16 mães, pais e responsáveis de filhos matriculados no primeiro e segundo ciclo do Ensino Fundamental, procurou-se descrever as características esperadas desses importantes agentes no processo de formação. Com uma metodologia qualitativa de análise dos discursos, a partir de um corpus criado com as entrevistas, as discussões em grupo foram aprofundadas para conceitualizar e caracterizar, segundo a visão das mães e pais, um professor competente socialmente. Pelos dados coletados, os pais valorizam especialmente a dimensão relacional, que deve ser complementar com o domínio técnico. Destaca-se nos dados coletados das mães e pais do primeiro ciclo que seus filhos não possuem maturidade suficiente para auto avaliação e determinação de temas para serem discutidos em sala, diferentemente dos pais do segundo ciclo, que imaginam um cenário ideal com o desenvolvimento dessas atividades.

This study aimed to identify the conceptions that mothers and fathers from the first and second cycles of elementary school have about the Social Competence of public and private schools teachers in the region of Rio de Janeiro, Niterói and São Gonçalo. Based on interviews with 16 mothers, fathers and guardians of children enrolled in the first and second segments of elementary school, we sought to describe the characteristics expected of these important agents in the training process. With a qualitative methodology of discourse analysis, based on a corpus created with the interviews, the group discussions were deepened to conceptualize and characterize, according to the view of mothers and fathers, a socially competent teacher. Based on the data collected, parents value the relational dimension, which must complement itself with the technical domain. It is highlighted in the data collected from mothers and fathers in the first cycle that their children are not mature enough for self-assessment and determining themes to be discussed in the classroom. Unlike the parents in the second cycle who imagine an ideal scenario with the development of these activities.

El propósito de este estudio fue identificar las concepciones que tienen las madres y los padres del primer y segundo ciclo de la escuela primaria sobre la Competencia Social de los docentes de escuelas públicas y privadas de la región de Río de Janeiro, Niterói y São Gonçalo. A partir de entrevistas con 16 padres y tutores de niños matriculados en el primer y segundo ciclo de la escuela primaria, se buscó describir las características que se esperan de estos importantes agentes en el proceso de formación. Con una metodología cualitativa de análisis del discurso, a partir de un corpus elaborado con entrevistas, se profundizaron las discusiones grupales para conceptualizar y caracterizar, según la visión de madres y padres, un docente socialmente competente. A partir de los datos recopilados, los padres valoran especialmente la dimensión relacional, que debe complementarse con el dominio técnico. Se destaca en los datos recolectados de madres y padres en el primer ciclo que sus hijos no son lo suficientemente maduros para la autoevaluarse y determinar temas a discutir en el aula, a diferencia de los padres en el segundo ciclo, quienes imaginan un escenario ideal con el desarrollo de estas actividades.

Adolescent social skills, perception of social support and motivation to learn: the impact on school performance / Habilidades sociais, percepção de apoio social e motivação para aprender: o impacto no rendimento escolar / Habilidades sociales de los adolescentes, percepción del apoyo social y motivación para aprender: el impacto en el rendimiento escolar

The aim of this study was to verify whether the School Performance variable can be explained by the Adolescent Social Skills (ASS), Motivation to Learn and Perception of Social Support constructs in groups of students that were with and without an age/grade discrepancy in Elementary School and in Acceleration classes. This study also aimed to compare the constructs in the groups. Participants were 500 students from public schools, aged 15 to 18 years, divided into two groups according to the school progression. The Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents, the Learning Motivation in Elementary Education Scale, the Social Support Appraisals Scale and the Class Council Maps of the participating institutions were used. For the data analysis, Multiple Linear Regression was performed and Student's t-test. The results showed that Adolescent Social Skills, Motivation to Learn and the Perception of Social Support better explained the school performance of the regular progression students. When comparing the groups, the regular progression students presented higher mean scores in Empathy, Self-Control, Civility, Assertiveness, Social Development and in the overall total of the ASS scale. The same occurred when comparing the means of Perception of Social Support and Motivation to Learn of students with and without age/grade discrepancy. The data obtained can contribute to preventive intervention actions for academic competences and social skills, aiming at improving school performance and maintaining regular progression. (AU)

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar se a variável Rendimento Escolar pode ser explicada pelos construtos Habilidades Sociais de Adolescentes (HSA), Motivação para Aprender e Percepção de Apoio Social nos grupos de alunos que estão no fluxo regular e em defasagem de idade/ano no Ensino Fundamental e em classes de Aceleração. Foi também objetivo desse estudo comparar os construtos nos grupos. Participaram 500 alunos de escolas públicas, com idades variando de 15 a 18 anos e divididos em dois grupos conforme o fluxo escolar. Utilizou-se o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais de Adolescentes, Escala de Motivação para Aprender no Ensino Fundamental, Escala de Percepção de Apoio Social e os Mapas de Conselhos de Classe das instituições participantes. Para a análise dos dados, foi realizada a Regressão Linear Múltipla e o teste t de Student. Os resultados apontaram que as Habilidades Sociais de Adolescentes (HSA), a Motivação para Aprender (MA) e a Percepção de Apoio Social (PAS) explicam mais do rendimento escolar dos estudantes em fluxo regular. Na comparação entre os grupos, os alunos em fluxo regular apresentaram médias mais altas em Empatia, Autocontrole, Civilidade, Assertividade, Desenvoltura social e no total geral da escala de HSA. O mesmo ocorreu quando comparadas as médias de Percepção de Apoio Social e Motivação para Aprender de alunos com e sem distorção de idade/ano. Os dados obtidos podem contribuir com ações preventivas de intervenção para competências acadêmicas e habilidades sociais, objetivando a melhoria do rendimento escolar e a manutenção do fluxo regular. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar si la variable Rendimiento Escolar puede explicarse por los constructos Habilidades Sociales de los Adolescentes (HSA), Motivación para Aprender (MA) y Percepción de Apoyo Social (PAS) en grupos de estudiantes que se encuentran con y sin retraso de edad/año en la escuela primaria y en las clases de aceleración. La finalidad de este estudio también fue comparar los constructos en los grupos. Participaron 500 estudiantes de escuelas públicas, de 15 a 18 años que fueron divididos en dos grupos de acuerdo con el flujo escolar. Se utilizaron el Inventario de HSA, la MA en la Escuela Primaria, la PAS, los Mapas del Consejo de Clase de las instituciones participantes y los datos de Regresión Lineal Múltiple. Para el análisis de datos, se realizaron regresión lineal múltiple y prueba t de Student. Los resultados mostraron que HSA, MA y PAS explican más sobre el rendimiento escolar de los estudiantes en el flujo regular. Al comparar los grupos, los estudiantes en flujo regular tuvieron promedios más altos en Empatía, Autocontrol, Civilidad, Asertividad, Desarrollo Social y en el total general de la escala HSA. Lo mismo ocurrió al comparar los medios de PAS y la MA de los estudiantes con y sin distorsión de edad/año. Los datos obtenidos pueden contribuir a las acciones de intervención preventiva para las competencias académicas y habilidades sociales, con el objetivo de mejorar el rendimiento escolar y mantener el flujo regular. (AU)

Competência social de professores segundo mães e pais de alunos / Social competence of teachers according to student's mothers and fathers / Competencia social de profesores según las madres y los padres de los estudiantes

A participação da família na rotina educacional dos filhos pode trazer benefícios para todos os sujeitos envolvidos nesse processo e para a gestão escolar. O estudo buscou compreender as concepções de mães e pais de alunos do Ensino Fundamental acerca da competência social dos professores dos filhos. Participaram oito mães e oito pais, cada metade de escolas públicas e privadas. Uma entrevista semiestruturada foi realizada individualmente com cada participante. Os dados coletados foram analisados através do software IRAMUTEQ. Os resultados indicaram similaridades entre as concepções dos dois grupos ao demonstrar a expectativa de que os comportamentos dos docentes sejam favoráveis a interação dos alunos, promovam sua aprendizagem, ofereçam apoio em suas dificuldades e permitam uma correção disciplinar adequada. As diferenças foram que os pais aparentaram ter uma visão mais distanciada do universo educacional, levando-os a apresentar concepções mais preocupadas acerca dos comportamentos dos professores em relação aos resultados das mães (AU).

The family's participation in the children's educational routine can bring benefits to all subjects involved in this process and to school management. The study sought to understand the conceptions of mothers and fathers of elementary school students about the social competence of their children's teachers. Eight mothers and eight fathers participated, each half from public and private schools. A semistructured interview was conducted individually with each participant. The collected data were analyzed using the IRAMUTEQ software. The results indicated similarities between the expectations of the two groups when demonstrating the expectation that the teachers 'behaviors are favorable to the students' interaction, promote their learning, offer support in their difficulties, and allow an adequate disciplinary correction. The differences were that the parents appeared to have a more distant view of the educational universe, leading them to present more concerned conceptions about the teachers' behavior in relation to the mothers' results (AU).

La participación de la familia en la rutina educativa de los niños puede aportar beneficios a todas las materias involucradas en este proceso y a la gestión escolar. El estudio buscó comprender las concepciones de madres y padres de estudiantes de primaria sobre la competencia social de los maestros de sus hijos. Participaron ocho madres y ocho padres, cada uno de ellos de escuelas públicas y privadas. Se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada individualmente con cada participante. Los datos recopilados se analizaron utilizando el software IRAMUTEQ. Los resultados indicaron similitudes entre las expectativas de los dos grupos al demostrar la expectativa de que los comportamientos de los maestros son favorables a la interacción de los estudiantes, promueven su aprendizaje, ofrecen apoyo en sus dificultades y permiten una corrección disciplinaria adecuada. Las diferencias fueron que los padres parecían tener una visión más distante del universo educativo, lo que los llevó a presentar concepciones más preocupantes sobre el comportamiento de los maestros en relación con los resultados de las madres (AU).

Habilidades Sociais e Expectativas Acadêmicas em Estudantes de Enfermagem / Social Skills and Academic Expectation in Nursing Students / Habilidades Sociales y Expectativas Académicas en Estudiantes de Enfermería

O estudo avaliou o repertório de habilidades sociais e de expectativas acadêmicas de estudantes de enfermagem e comparou com alunos de outros cursos da área da saúde do primeiro e do último ano. Participaram da pesquisa 200 alunos de instituições particulares, iniciantes e concluintes de enfermagem e de outras áreas da saúde, sendo 78,5% (N=135) do sexo feminino e 32,5% (N=65), pertencentes à classe social B2. Foram utilizados como instrumentos o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais e o Questionário de Envolvimento Acadêmico nas Versões A e B. Os concluintes de enfermagem apresentaram melhores escores em habilidades sociais do que as outras amostras de estudantes, melhor comportamento efetivo no Envolvimento Institucional e melhor utilização da infraestrutura disponível na universidade para a realização de atividades acadêmicas. O estudo contribui com evidências sobre a relevância do desenvolvimento das habilidades sociais para a atuação profissional do enfermeiro na assistência à saúde. (AU)

The research evaluated and compared the social skills and academic expectations of nursing students and students from other courses in the area of health from first and last year. The study included 200 students, coming from a private institution, with beginners and graduating nursing and other health areas, with 78.5% (135) students were female and the majority 32.5% (65) belonged to the social class B2. The instruments used were the Social Skills Inventory, the Empathy Inventory and the Academic Engagement Questionnaire) - QEA in versions A and B. The nursing graduates presented better scores in social skills than the other student samples, better effective behavior in the Institutional Involvement and better use of the infrastructure available in the university for the accomplishment of academic activities. The study contributes with evidence on the relevance of the development of social skills for the professional performance of nurses in health care. (AU)

El estudio evaluó el repertorio de habilidades sociales y de expectativas académicas de estudiantes de enfermería y lo comparó con alumnos de otros cursos del área de la salud del primer y del último año. En la investigación, 200 alumnos de instituciones privadas, iniciantes y concluyentes de enfermería y de otras áreas de la salud con 78,5% (N = 135) del sexo femenino y 32,5% (N = 65) pertenecientes a la clase social B2. Se utilizaron como Académica en las Versiones A y B. Los concluyentes de enfermería presentaron mejores escores en habilidades sociales que las otras muestras de estudiantes, mejor comportamiento efectivo en el involucramiento institucional y mejor utilización de la infraestructura disponible en la universidad para la realización de actividades académicas. El estudio contribuye con evidencias sobre la relevancia del desarrollo de las habilidades sociales para La actuación profesional del enfermero en La asistencia a la salud. (AU)

Effect of biological maturation on gross motor coordination in boys: a mediation analysis / Efeito da maturação biológica sobre a coordenação motora grossa em meninos: uma análise de mediação

Abstract Introduction: The literature emphasizes the importance of acquiring good motor coordination in the early years of life and its relationship with physical fitness and physical activity during adolescence and adulthood. Objective: To analyze the effect of biological maturation on the motor coordination in boys. Method: The sample was composed by 203 boys between 11 and 14 years old. Height, body mass, sitting height, waist circumference (WC) and skinfolds were measured. Somatic maturation (SM) was assessed by maturity offset (estimated age at peak height velocity). The gross motor coordination was evaluated by Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) battery. Results: The SM exerted an effect on the walking backward on balance beams (WB) mediated by the WC. Conclusion: The results showed that the performance of boys in the WB was negatively influenced by the greater volume of fat in the trunk related to a more advanced state of SM.

Resumo Introdução: A literatura enfatiza a importância da aquisição de uma boa coordenação motora nos anos iniciais da vida e sua relação com a aptidão física e a atividade física durante a adolescência e na fase adulta. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito da maturação biológica sobre o desempenho coordenativo de meninos. Método: A amostra contou com 203 meninos entre 11 e 14 anos. Foram medidos estatura, massa corporal, altura sentado, perímetro de cintura (PC) e dobras cutâneas. A maturação somática (MS) foi avaliada pelo maturity offset (estimativa da idade no pico de velocidade de crescimento). O Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) foi o teste de coordenação motora utilizado (composto por 4 tarefas). Resultados: A MS exerceu efeito sobre o equilíbrio à retaguarda (ER), mediado pelo PC. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o desempenho dos meninos no ER sofre efeito negativo do maior acúmulo de gordura no tronco relacionado a um estado mais avançado de MS.

Can people self-select an exercise intensity sufficient to enhance muscular strength during weight training?: A systematic review protocol of intervention studies.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported that self-selection of the training intensity can be an interesting strategy to improve adherence in aerobic exercise programs. However, its effectiveness with weight training has not been systematically reviewed and remains unclear. In this study, we will describe a systematic review protocol that aims to investigate if people are able to self-select an intensity during weight training sufficient to enhance muscular strength. METHODS: This protocol is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. In this study, we will search the following electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus. Intervention studies with at least one weight training session performed at self-selected intensity, with people from both genders and all age ranges will be included. The Downs & Black checklist will be used for methodological quality assessment. Two experienced reviewers will independently perform the selection of studies, data extraction, and evaluation of the methodological quality. CONCLUSION: This will be the first systematic review describing the results of weight training intervention studies with self-selected intensity. This study will provide high-quality and reliable evidence for health professionals and may direct methodological recommendations for further studies. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42019120323.

Situações Interpessoais Difíceis: Relações entre Habilidades Sociais e Coping na Adaptação Acadêmica / Difficult Interpersonal Situations: Relations between Social Skills and Coping in Academic Adaptation / Situaciones Interpersonales Difíciles: Relaciones entre Habilidades Sociales y Coping en la Adaptación Académica

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar as relações preditivas entre as variáveis habilidades sociais e estratégias de coping na adaptação à universidade em situações consideradas de difícil manejo no contexto universitário. As cinco situações elencadas foram: "Pedir a um colega que desligue seu celular na aula", "Apresentar trabalho em aula", "Pedir aos colegas que evitem de lanchar na sala", "Mobilizar colegas para reivindicar direitos", "Receber críticas do professor". Participaram da pesquisa 400 universitários, sendo 61,5% mulheres (N = 246) com idades entre 18 e 60 anos (M = 25,78 e DP = 7,99). Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Inventário de Habilidades Sociais, Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas reduzido (QVA-r) e a Escala Modos de Enfrentamento de Problemas (EMEP). Os resultados demonstraram que o estudante que recorre às estratégias de enfrentamento Focalizado no Problema e na Busca de Suporte Social lida melhor com questões de difícil manejo na universidade. A estratégia de enfrentamento Focalizado no Problema e a Habilidade Social de Autoafirmação na Expressão de Sentimento Positivo apresentaram maior impacto nos escores de adaptação acadêmica. Os resultados contribuem para ampliar o entendimento sobre o uso dos processos cognitivos e comportamentais associados à adaptação ao Ensino Superior, o que possibilita a criação de recursos, por parte das universidades, para dar suporte aos estudantes nesse processo....(AU)

This study aimed to verify the predictive relationships between the variables social skills and coping strategies in adaptation to the university in situations considered difficult to manage in the university context. The five situations listed were: "Ask classmates to turn off their cell phone in class", "Present class work", "Ask classmates to avoid lunch in the classroom", "Mobilize classmates to claim rights", "Receive teacher criticism". 400 university students participated in this study, 61.5% women (N = 246), aged between 18 and 60 years (M = 25.78 and SD = 7.99). The following instruments were used: Social Skills Inventory, Reduced Academic Experience Questionnaire and Modes of Confronting Problems Scale. The results showed that the student who uses strategies of coping focused on the problem and on the search for social support better deals with issues of difficult management at university. The coping strategy focused on the problem and the social skill of self-affirmation in the expression of positive feeling presented greater impact in the academic adjustment scores. The results contribute to a better understanding of the use of cognitive and behavioral processes associated with adaptation to Higher Education, which allows the creation of resources by the universities to support students in this process....(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar las relaciones predictivas entre las variables habilidades sociales y estrategias de coping en la adaptación a la universidad en situaciones consideradas de difícil manejo en el contexto universitario. Las cinco situaciones relacionadas fueron: "Pedir a un colega que apague su teléfono en la clase", "Presentar trabajo en clase", "Pedir a los colegas que eviten de comer en la sala", "Movilizar a los colegas para reclamar derechos", "Recibir críticas del profesor". En la investigación participaron 400 universitarios, siendo 61,5% mujeres (N = 246) con edades entre 18 y 60 años (M = 25,78 y DP = 7,99). Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: Inventario de Habilidades Sociales, Cuestionario de Vivencias Académicas reducido (QVA-r) y la Escala Modos de Enfrentamiento de Problemas (EMEP). Los resultados demostraron que el estudiante que recurre a las estrategias de enfrentamiento Focalizado en el Problema y en la Búsqueda de Soporte Social hace frente mejor con cuestiones de difícil manejo en la universidad. La estrategia de enfrentamiento enfocada en el problema y la Habilidad Social de Autoafirmación en la Expresión de Sentimiento Positivo, presentaron un mayor impacto en los escores de adaptación académica. Los resultados contribuyen a ampliar el entendimiento sobre el uso de los procesos cognitivos y comportamentales asociados a la adaptación a la Enseñanza Superior, lo que posibilita la creación de recursos, por parte de las universidades, para dar soporte a los estudiantes en este proceso....(AU)

Dietary intervention and health in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review of the evidence.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the scientific evidence of dietary intervention, either through diet or supplementation, and its effects on the health of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods: Literature searches were conducted using Scopus, PubMed, BioMed Central and Science Direct databases. The terms used for the search were diet, nutritional support, nutrition therapy and systemic lupus erythematosus. Results: Eleven studies with interventions related to supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D and turmeric, as well as changes in diet composition, such as low glycaemic index diet were identified. Conclusions: The studies evidenced that omega-3 supplementation reduced inflammation, disease activity, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress; vitamin D supplementation increased serum levels, reduced inflammatory and hemostatic markers; turmeric supplementation reduced proteinuria, hematuria and systolic blood pressure; and low glycaemic index diet caused weight loss and reduced fatigue.

Physical Training and Upper-Limb Strength of People With Paraplegia: A Systematic Review.

CONTEXT: Physical training improves the strength of upper limbs, contributing directly to the performance of activities of daily life, confirming one more time that the strengthened muscle is imperative for a rapid rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the scientific implications of the impact of physical training on the strength of the upper limbs of people with paraplegias. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The search strategy with truncations and Boolean operator was defined as: (spinal cord inju* OR traumatic myelopat* OR paraplegi*) AND (physical exercise OR strength training OR resisted training) AND (upper limb* OR arm OR armrest), for all of the databases. There were included experimental and quasi-experimental studies, published in the English language and with the complete text available, with at least 1 physical exercise that worked with the strength of the upper limbs. Two independent evaluators extracted from each article data on study characteristics (publishing year, country of origin, and study design), of the subjects (gender and age), and of the disability (level of lesion and cause). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Seven articles were included in the systematic revision. The procedure used the most for measuring the maximum strength was the 1-repetition maximum test, followed by the isokinetic dynamometer and Quantitative Muscle Testing System. Furthermore, the most commonly associated variables in the included studies were pain in the shoulder, cardiorespiratory capacity, and functionality, respectively. The results showed that all of the variables improved because of the training. CONCLUSIONS: The training improved the strength, the functionality, and reduced the pain in the shoulder of the people with paraplegia.

Lifestyle and sleep patterns among people living with and without HIV/AIDS.

INTRODUCTION: Negative lifestyles affect the health and quality of sleep of those living with and without HIV/AIDS. METHODS: Individuals were divided into two groups based on whether or not they were living with HIV/AIDS. RESULTS: Among the 20 participants, 95% displayed a poor lifestyle, and both groups demonstrated low-quality sleep with significant differences between groups in the early sleep variables, total sleep time, and sleep patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Both groups demonstrated similar behavior with unsatisfactory lifestyles, poor sleep quality, and irregular sleep patterns.

Lifestyle and sleep patterns among people living with and without HIV/AIDS

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Negative lifestyles affect the health and quality of sleep of those living with and without HIV/AIDS. METHODS: Individuals were divided into two groups based on whether or not they were living with HIV/AIDS. RESULTS: Among the 20 participants, 95% displayed a poor lifestyle, and both groups demonstrated low-quality sleep with significant differences between groups in the early sleep variables, total sleep time, and sleep patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Both groups demonstrated similar behavior with unsatisfactory lifestyles, poor sleep quality, and irregular sleep patterns.

Construction and validity evidence of a scale for coping with difficult social academic interpersonal situations.

The aim of this study was to develop a scale to investigate the ways of coping with interpersonal situations considered difficult in the Brazilian university context. The items were based on the results of a study previously obtained in a focus group with university students. The first steps of the study were the analysis of judges and the investigation of the semantic validity. After these steps, a total of 1366 (female = 74.9%) students from public and private institutions participated in the study. The study followed the steps design of the items, development of the first version of the instrument, and initial tests of validity (content validity and internal consistency). The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated the maintenance of 26 items, distributed in four factors: focus on emotion (α = 0.73), focus on social support (α = 0.81), focus on religious coping (α = 0.83), and focus on the problem (α = 0.70). The final scale solution was considered satisfactory for the proposed instrument, with consistency for the application in other studies and investigations that evaluate the coping strategies of students in situations considered difficult in the university.

Vivências, Habilidades Sociais e Comportamentos Sociais de Universitários / Livings, Social Skills and Social Behaviors of College Students

Resumo Pode-se supor que a adaptação ao contexto universitário requeira tanto habilidades de relacionamento como comportamentos acadêmicos adequados. Este estudo destinou-se a identificar as relações entre Habilidades Sociais, Vivências Acadêmicas e Comportamentos Sociais Acadêmicos em estudantes. Participaram do estudo 289 estudantes universitários de instituições públicas e privadas, com idades variando entre 17 e 61 anos. Aplicou-se o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS), o Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas (QVA-r) e o Inventário de Comportamentos Sociais Acadêmicos (ICSA). Foi identificado que os alunos que apresentam comportamentos sociais acadêmicos desadaptativos também apresentam déficits em habilidades sociais dificultando sua adaptação acadêmica e que, habilidades socialmente aceitáveis estão associadas não só a varáveis pessoais, mas também às curriculares e institucionais.

Abstract It can be assumed that adapting to the university context requires both relationship skills and appropriate academic behaviors. This study was designed to identify the relationship between Social Skills, Academic Experiences and Academic Social Behaviors in students. Study participants were 289 university students from public and private institutions, ranging between 17 and 61 years. We used the Social Skills Inventory (IHS), the Academic Experiences Questionnaire (QVA-r), and the Inventory of Academic Social Behaviors (ICSA). It was identified that students who have academic maladaptive social behaviors also have deficits in social skills hindering their academic adaptation and that, socially acceptable skills are linked to not only personal variables, but also to the curricular and institutional ones.

Construction and validity evidence of a scale for coping with difficult social academic interpersonal situations

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop a scale to investigate the ways of coping with interpersonal situations considered difficult in the Brazilian university context. The items were based on the results of a study previously obtained in a focus group with university students. The first steps of the study were the analysis of judges and the investigation of the semantic validity. After these steps, a total of 1366 (female = 74.9%) students from public and private institutions participated in the study. The study followed the steps design of the items, development of the first version of the instrument, and initial tests of validity (content validity and internal consistency). The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated the maintenance of 26 items, distributed in four factors: focus on emotion (α = 0.73), focus on social support (α = 0.81), focus on religious coping (α = 0.83), and focus on the problem (α = 0.70). The final scale solution was considered satisfactory for the proposed instrument, with consistency for the application in other studies and investigations that evaluate the coping strategies of students in situations considered difficult in the university.

O impacto dos comportamentos sociais acadêmicos nas habilidades sociais de estudantes / The impact of academic social behavior in students' social skills

O estudo avaliou o impacto dos comportamentos sociais acadêmicos nas habilidades sociais de estudantes universitários. Participaram 289 estudantes de instituições públicas e privadas, de 42 cursos, idades entre 17 e 61 anos (M = 26,73 e DP= 8,57). Utilizou-se o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS) e o Inventário de Comportamentos Sociais Acadêmicos (ICSA). Alunos que desenvolveram comportamentos sociais acadêmicos adequados apresentaram bom repertório de habilidades sociais, e alunos de instituições públicas apresentaram maior autocontrole emocional. Todos os fatores do ICSA impactaram sobre fatores do IHS, embora com baixa variância explicada nos fatores Exposição a Desconhecidos e Situações Novas. Essa relação indica que os construtos oferecem importantes elementos na compreensão de como os estudantes vivenciam as exigências do contexto universitário e sua resposta diante dessas exigências

This study evaluates the impact of social behavior on academic students' social skills. Study participants were 289 universities students from public and private institutions, enrolled in 42 courses and ages between 17 and 61 years (M = 26.73, SD = 8.57). The Social Skills Inventory (SSI) and the Social Academic Behavior Inventory (SABI) were the instruments used. Students that developed appropriate social academic behaviors had good social skills; students from public institutions had greater emotional self-control. All SABI factors impacted on SSI factors, although with low explained variance in Self-exposure to unknown people and new situations factors. This ratio indicates that, although with low explained variance, these constructs provide important elements in understanding the requirements of the University in relation to the student and his response on these requirements

Health program in a Brazilian school.

OBJECTIVE:: To analyze the School Health Program (SHP) through the perceptions of managers and health professionals. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and qualitative study that conducted interviews with 21 individuals using the lexical analysis of Bardin's speech and processed the data through the Alceste software. RESULTS:: In the interviewees' perception, verification of blood pressure, visual acuity, weight, height, body mass index, oral health, preventive actions and educational lectures are recommended in the program's guidelines. The schools do not have available and adequate space for the staff to perform the work. The predominant exchange occurs between the health and education secretaries. The actions that provided opportunities to students were primarily promotion, prevention, and health education; funding is the responsibility of the Ministry of Health and Municipal Secretary of Health. CONCLUSIONS:: The structures, exchanges, and available resources were insufficient for the development of the program.

Pain level associated to socio-demographic and clinical variables in people living with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome / Nível de dor associado a variáveis sócio-demográficas e clínicas em pessoas que vivem com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana e a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pain is a common symptom in people living with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, being widely underreported and not treated. For this reason, there is the need for studies discussing the subject in the attempt to explain factors involved in this process and to look for adequate and effective therapies. So, this study aimed at relating pain level in people living with human immunodeficiency virus to socio-demographic and clinical variables. METHODS: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study with 261 individuals living with the human immunodeficiency virus. Visual analog scale for pain intensity and semi-structured interview for anamnesis were applied. RESULTS: A total of 47.5% of individuals was found reporting mild pain/no pain; 24.1% with moderate pain and 28.4% with severe pain. There has been significant relationship between pain and gender (p=0.02), health status (p=0.001), health perception with regard to feeling ill or not (p=0.001) and infection stage (p=0.005). Pain was characterized as shooting (69%), piercing (55%) and burning (41%), with significant relationship with regard to pain intensity (p<0.001) and time (p<0.001). When the logistic regression model was applied, the fact of being a female has represented a risk of 7.256 (p<0.001) for moderate pain and of 5.329 (p<0.004) for severe pain. With regard to age, age groups between 21 and 30 years (0.073; p<0.046), 41 and 50 years (0.068; p<0.023) and 51 and 60 years (0.063; p<0,030) were protection factors for the presence of moderate pain. With regard to health status, this variable was a risk factor for the presence of moderate pain (8.13; p<0.038) and severe pain (11.73; p<0.005). CONCLUSION: Pain was a prevalent symptom among people living with human immunodeficiency virus.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor é um sintoma comum em pessoas que vivem com a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, sendo bastante subnotificada e não tratada. Por esse motivo, existe a necessidade de estudos que discutam a temática na tentativa de esclarecer os fatores envolvidos nesse processo e buscar tratamentos adequados e eficazes. Dentro dessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar o nível de dor em pessoas que vivem com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana, com variáveis sócio-demográficas e clínicas. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa descritiva com caráter transversal, com 261 indivíduos vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Foi aplicada a escala analógica visual para a intensidade da dor e entrevista semiestruturada como anamnese. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrado um total de 47,5% indivíduos referindo dor leve/sem dor; 24,1% com dor moderada e 28,4% com dor intensa. Foi encontrada relação significativa entre a dor e o sexo (p=0,02), estado de saúde (p=0,001), percepção da saúde, quanto a se sentir doente ou não (p=0,001) e o estágio da infecção (p=0,005). A dor foi caracterizada em lancinante (69%), perfurante (55%) e em queimação (41%), sendo encontrada relação significativa entre essas variáveis (p<0,001). Foi possível encontrar também uma associação significativa com relação a intensidade da dor (p<0,001) e o tempo (p<0,001). Quando aplicado o modelo de regressão logística, o fato de ser mulher representou um risco de 7,256 (p<0,001) para a dor moderada e de 5,329 (p<0,004) para dor intensa. Com relação a idade, as faixas etárias de 21 a 30 anos (0,073; p<0,046), 41 a 50 anos (0,068; p<0,023) e 51 a 60 anos (0,063; p<0,030), apresentaram-se como fator de proteção para a presença de dor moderada. Com relação ao estado de saúde, esta variável apresentou-se como fator de risco para a presença de dor moderada (8,13; p<0,038) e intensa (11,73; p<0,005). CONCLUSÃO: A dor foi um sintoma prevalente entre as pessoas que vivem com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana.

Health program in a Brazilian school / Programa de salud en una escuela brasileña

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the School Health Program (SHP) through the perceptions of managers and health professionals. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and qualitative study that conducted interviews with 21 individuals using the lexical analysis of Bardin's speech and processed the data through the Alceste software. Results: In the interviewees' perception, verification of blood pressure, visual acuity, weight, height, body mass index, oral health, preventive actions and educational lectures are recommended in the program's guidelines. The schools do not have available and adequate space for the staff to perform the work. The predominant exchange occurs between the health and education secretaries. The actions that provided opportunities to students were primarily promotion, prevention, and health education; funding is the responsibility of the Ministry of Health and Municipal Secretary of Health. Conclusions: The structures, exchanges, and available resources were insufficient for the development of the program.

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar el programa Salud en la Escuela a través de las percepciones de gestores y profesionales de la salud. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, cualitativo, en el que se entrevistó a 21 sujetos utilizando el análisis léxico del discurso de Bardin, siendo el material procesado por el software Alceste. Resultados: En la percepción de los sujetos, las evaluaciones de presión arterial, agudeza visual, peso, altura, índice de masa corporal, salud bucal, acciones de prevención y palestras educativas, son preconizados en las directrices del programa. Las escuelas no tienen espacio físico adecuado ni personal disponible para trabajar. El intercambio predominante es entre la secretaría de salud y la secretaría de educación. Las acciones dadas a los escolares fueron básicamente las de promoción, prevención y educación en salud y el financiamiento es de responsabilidad del Ministerio de la Salud y de la Secretaría Municipal de Salud. Conclusiones: Las estructuras, los intercambios y los recursos disponibles fueron insuficientes para el desarrollo del programa.

Level of pain and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS pain and quality of life in HIV/AIDS.

The aim of this descriptive study was to correlate the level of pain with the quality of life in 261 people living with HIV/AIDS. Mild pain/no pain was reported by 47.5% of subjects, 24.1% reported moderate pain, and 28.4% reported severe pain; pain levels were correlated with gender (p = 0.02), health status (p < 0.001), perception (p < 0.001), and stage of infection (p = 0.005). Being female represented a risk factor for moderate (p < 0.001) and intense pain (p = 0.004). Poor health represented a risk for moderate (p < 0.038) and intense pain (p = 0.005). Being young was a factor of protection for moderate pain (21-30 years, p = 0.046; 41-50 years, p = 0.023; and 51-60 years, p < 0.030). The low quality of life averages was identified and correlated with pain in all evaluated domains (p < 0.001). The risk factors for moderate and severe pain were a low level of independence (p = 0.004) and compromised social relations (p = 0.029), respectively. Psychological control behaved as a protection factor for moderate pain (p = 0.011), and bad physical domain proved to be a protection factor for severe pain (p = 0.007). The level of pain is a negative impact on the quality of life of people with HIV/AIDS.