Physical Therapy Service delivered in the Polyclinic During the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the Physical Therapy Services delivered at the Polyclinic during the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games. DESIGN: Retrospective Cohort Study. SETTING: Physical Therapy Services (PTS) of the Polyclinic. PARTICIPANTS: Athletes attended for Physical Therapy treatment at the Polyclinic during Rio 2016 Paralympic Games. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The number of athletes treated, their nationalities, their sports modality, the most frequently treated regions and the interventions applied. RESULTS: A total of 4504 interventions were delivered and 399 athletes were treated in the PTS. Athletes representing athletics and sitting volleyball were the most frequently attended for treatment. The main diagnoses were muscle tension and tendinopathy. Analgesia was the main purpose of treatment and myofascial release and electrotherapy was the most frequent interventions. Recovery service had a total of 1579 encounters and male athletes used cryo-immersion 3 times more when compared to female. CONCLUSION: Athletes representing athletics and sitting volleyball were the most frequently attended for treatment and the thoracic/lumbar spine and pelvis/hip were the most commonly affected regions. Muscle strain and tendinopathy were the most frequent diagnoses and myofascial release and electrotherapy were the most frequent therapies used to achieve analgesia.

Monocytes from pregnant women with pre-eclampsia are polarized to a M1 phenotype.

PROBLEM: This study evaluated whether the monocyte inflammatory state in pre-eclampsia (PE) might be associated with polarization to either M1 classically or M2 alternatively activated monocyte subsets. METHOD OF STUDY: Eighty-five women with (PE) and 52 normotensive (NT) pregnant women matched for gestational age were included. Expression of surface receptors characteristic of M1, such as Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and CD64, or M2, such as CD163 and CD206 monocyte subsets were evaluated in peripheral blood monocytes by flow cytometry. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-(IL)-12p40, IL-12p70, and IL-10 were evaluated in the supernatant of monocyte cultures by ELISA. RESULTS: Expression of TLR4 and CD64 by monocytes from pre-eclamptic women was significantly higher, while the expression of CD163 and CD206 expression was significantly lower compared with NT pregnant women. Endogenous production of TNF-α, IL-12p40, and IL-12p70 by monocytes was increased, while synthesis of IL-10 was lower in women with PE than in NT pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: Monocytes from women with PE are classically activated, producing higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and express surface receptors characteristic of the M1 subset. These results provide evidence that the systemic inflammatory environment in PE may differentiate and polarize these cells to the M1 phenotype.