Temporal variation in tree diversity effects on birds and its implications for top-down control of insect herbivores in a tropical system.

Tree diversity promotes predator abundance and diversity, but evidence linking these effects to increased predation pressure on herbivores remains limited. In addition, tree diversity effects on predators can vary temporally as a function of environmental variation, or due to contrasting responses by different predator types. In a multi-year study, we assessed temporal variation in tree diversity effects on bird community abundance, diversity, and predation rates as a whole and by functional group based on feeding guild (omnivores vs. insectivores) and migratory status (migrant vs. resident). To this end, we conducted bird point counts in tree monocultures and polycultures and assessed attacks on clay caterpillars four times over a 2-year period in a tree diversity experiment in Yucatan, Mexico. Tree diversity effects on the bird community varied across surveys, with positive effects on bird abundance and diversity in most but not all surveys. Tree diversity had stronger and more consistent effects on omnivorous and resident birds than on insectivorous and migratory species. Tree diversity effects on attack rates also varied temporally but patterns did not align with variation in bird abundance or diversity. Thus, while we found support for predicted increases in bird abundance, diversity, and predation pressure with tree diversity, these responses exhibited substantial variation over time and the former two were uncoupled from patterns of predation pressure, as well as contingent on bird functional traits. These results underscore the need for long-term studies measuring responses by different predator functional groups to better understand tree diversity effects on top-down control.

Aphid and caterpillar feeding drive similar patterns of induced defences and resistance to subsequent herbivory in wild cotton.

MAIN CONCLUSION: Our results indicate caterpillars and aphids cause similar levels of induced defences and resistance against caterpillars in wild cotton plants. These symmetrical effects are not consistent with patterns predicted by plant defensive signaling crosstalk and call for further work addressing the biochemical mechanisms underpinning these results. Plant-induced responses to attack often mediate interactions between different species of insect herbivores. These effects are predicted to be contingent on the herbivore's feeding guild, whereby prior feeding by insects should negatively impact subsequent feeding by insects of the same guild (induced resistance) but may positively influence insects of a different guild (induced susceptibility) due to interfering crosstalk between plant biochemical pathways specific to each feeding guild. We compared the effects of prior feeding by leaf-chewing caterpillars (Spodoptera frugiperda) vs. sap-sucking aphids (Aphis gossypii) on induced defences in wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and the consequences of these attacks on subsequently feeding caterpillars (S. frugiperda). To this end, we conducted a greenhouse experiment where cotton plants were either left undamaged or first exposed to caterpillar or aphid feeding, and we subsequently placed caterpillars on the plants to assess their performance. We also collected leaves to assess the induction of chemical defences in response to herbivory. We found that prior feeding by both aphids and caterpillars resulted in reductions in consumed leaf area, caterpillar mass gain, and caterpillar survival compared with control plants. Concomitantly, prior aphid and caterpillar herbivory caused similar increases in phenolic compounds (flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids) and defensive terpenoids (hemigossypolone) compared with control plants. Overall, these findings indicate that these insects confer a similar mode and level of induced resistance in wild cotton plants, calling for further work addressing the biochemical mechanisms underpinning these effects.

Soil salinization disrupts plant-plant signaling effects on extra-floral nectar induction in wild cotton.

Plant-plant interactions via volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have received much attention, but how abiotic stresses affect these interactions is poorly understood. We tested the effect of VOCs exposure from damaged conspecifics on the production of extra-floral nectar (EFN) in wild cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum), a coastal species in northern Yucatan (Mexico), and whether soil salinization affected these responses. We placed plants in mesh cages, and within each cage assigned plants as emitters or receivers. We exposed emitters to either ambient or augmented soil salinity to simulate a salinity shock, and within each group subjected half of the emitters to no damage or artificial leaf damage with caterpillar regurgitant. Damage increased the emission of sesquiterpenes and aromatic compounds under ambient but not under augmented salinity. Correspondingly, exposure to VOCs from damaged emitters had effect on receiver EFN induction, but this effect was contingent on salinization. Receivers produced more EFN in response to damage after being exposed to VOCs from damaged emitters when the latter were grown under ambient salinity, but not when they were subjected to salinization. These results suggest complex effects of abiotic factors on VOC-mediated plant interactions.

Terpene chemotypes in Gossypium hirsutum (wild cotton) from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.

Cultivated plants of Gossypium hirsutum Cav. (cotton) consistently emit low levels of volatile organic compounds, primarily mono- and sesquiterpenoids, which are produced and stored in pigment glands. In this study, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the terpene profiles of wild G. hirsutum plants sourced from sites located throughout natural distribution of this species, thus providing the first in-depth assessment of the scope of its intraspecific chemotypic diversity. Chemotypic variation can potentially influence resistance to herbivory and diseases, or interact with abiotic stress such as extreme temperatures. Under controlled environmental conditions, plants were grown from seeds of sixteen G. hirsutum populations collected along the coastline of the Yucatan Peninsula, which is its likely centre of origin. We found high levels of intraspecific diversity in the terpene profiles of the plants. Two distinct chemotypes were identified: one chemotype contained higher levels of the monoterpenes γ-terpinene, limonene, α-thujene, α-terpinene, terpinolene, and p-cymene, while the other chemotype was distinguished by higher levels of α- and ß-pinene. The distribution of chemotypes followed a geographic gradient from west to east, with an increasing frequency of the former chemotype. Concurrent analysis of maternal plants revealed that chemotypes in wild G. hirsutum are highly heritable.

Scaling advantage over path-integral Monte Carlo in quantum simulation of geometrically frustrated magnets.

The promise of quantum computing lies in harnessing programmable quantum devices for practical applications such as efficient simulation of quantum materials and condensed matter systems. One important task is the simulation of geometrically frustrated magnets in which topological phenomena can emerge from competition between quantum and thermal fluctuations. Here we report on experimental observations of equilibration in such simulations, measured on up to 1440 qubits with microsecond resolution. By initializing the system in a state with topological obstruction, we observe quantum annealing (QA) equilibration timescales in excess of one microsecond. Measurements indicate a dynamical advantage in the quantum simulation compared with spatially local update dynamics of path-integral Monte Carlo (PIMC). The advantage increases with both system size and inverse temperature, exceeding a million-fold speedup over an efficient CPU implementation. PIMC is a leading classical method for such simulations, and a scaling advantage of this type was recently shown to be impossible in certain restricted settings. This is therefore an important piece of experimental evidence that PIMC does not simulate QA dynamics even for sign-problem-free Hamiltonians, and that near-term quantum devices can be used to accelerate computational tasks of practical relevance.

Bottom-up control of geographic variation in insect herbivory on wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) by plant defenses and climate.

PREMISE: The occurrence and amount of herbivory are shaped by bottom-up forces, primarily plant traits (e.g., defenses), and by abiotic factors. Addressing these concurrent effects in a spatial context has been useful in efforts to understand the mechanisms governing variation in plant-herbivore interactions. Still, few studies have evaluated the simultaneous influence of multiple sources of bottom-up variation on spatial variation in herbivory. METHODS: We tested to what extent chemical (phenolics, production of terpenoid glands) and physical (pubescence) defensive plant traits and climatic factors are associated with variation in herbivory by leaf-chewing insects across populations of wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). RESULTS: We found substantial population variation in cotton leaf defenses and insect leaf herbivory. Leaf pubescence, but not gossypol gland density or phenolic content, was significantly negatively associated with herbivory by leaf-chewing insects. In addition, there were direct effects of climate on defenses and herbivory, with leaf pubescence increasing toward drier conditions and leaf damage increasing toward wetter and cooler conditions. There was no evidence, however, of indirect effects (via plant defenses) of climate on herbivory. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that spatial variation in insect herbivory on wild G. hirsutum is predominantly driven by concurrent and independent influences of population variation in leaf pubescence and climatic factors.

Píloro doble. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Double pylorus. Case report and literature review

RESUMEN El doble píloro es una comunicación anormal entre el antro gástrico y el bulbo duodenal y representa un raro hallazgo endoscópico. Se presentó un paciente de 80 años de edad, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, fumador inveterado, tomador de aspirina, que presentó melena aproximadamente 15 días antes del ingreso. La videoendoscopia reveló la existencia de dos orificios similares en el antro, que se comunicaban con el bulbo duodenal de manera independiente que fueron catalogados como píloros. La comunicación se constató con el paso del endoscopio a su través. Se impuso tratamiento médico con inhibidores de la bomba de protones y la evolución fue favorable. Es el cuarto caso reportado en la literatura en nuestro país y el primero en la provincia de Matanzas (AU).

ABSTRACT Double pylorus is an abnormal communication between the gastric antrum and the duodenal bulb and represents a rare endoscopic finding. It is presented the case of a patient aged 80 years, with a background of arterial hypertension, inveterate smoker, taking aspirin, who presented melena about 15 days before the admission. The video-endoscopy revealed the existence of two similar orifices in the antrum that were independently communicating with the duodenal bulb and they went catalogued like pylori. The communication was proved by passing the endoscope through it. He was treated with IBP (the Spanish acronym for proton bomb inhibitors) and the evolution was favorable. It is the fourth case reported in the literature in Cuba and the first one in Matanzas (AU).

Píloro doble. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Double pylorus. Case report and literature review

RESUMEN El doble píloro es una comunicación anormal entre el antro gástrico y el bulbo duodenal y representa un raro hallazgo endoscópico. Se presentó un paciente de 80 años de edad, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, fumador inveterado, tomador de aspirina, que presentó melena aproximadamente 15 días antes del ingreso. La videoendoscopia reveló la existencia de dos orificios similares en el antro, que se comunicaban con el bulbo duodenal de manera independiente que fueron catalogados como píloros. La comunicación se constató con el paso del endoscopio a su través. Se impuso tratamiento médico con inhibidores de la bomba de protones y la evolución fue favorable. Es el cuarto caso reportado en la literatura en nuestro país y el primero en la provincia de Matanzas.

ABSTRACT Double pylorus is an abnormal communication between the gastric antrum and the duodenal bulb and represents a rare endoscopic finding. It is presented the case of a patient aged 80 years, with a background of arterial hypertension, inveterate smoker, taking aspirin, who presented melena about 15 days before the admission. The video-endoscopy revealed the existence of two similar orifices in the antrum that were independently communicating with the duodenal bulb and they went catalogued like pylori. The communication was proved by passing the endoscope through it. He was treated with IBP (the Spanish acronym for proton bomb inhibitors) and the evolution was favorable. It is the fourth case reported in the literature in Cuba and the first one in Matanzas.

Aneurisma de la arteria subclavia izquierda / Aneurysm of the left subclavian artery

Introducción: el aneurisma de la arteria subclavia es una dolencia infrecuente; representa un mínimo porcentaje de los casos de aneurismas arteriales. Sus manifestaciones clínicas son escasas, generalmente se diagnostica de forma incidental tras hallar en una radiografía de tórax una lesión redondeada proyectada sobre o en relación con los ápices pulmonares o en el mediastino superior. Objetivo: presentar un caso de aneurisma de la arteria subclavia izquierda, que por ser poco frecuente requiere de una correcta aplicación del método clínico, lo que resulta de interés para los especialistas de la atención primaria de salud. Presentación del caso: paciente masculino, blanco, de 51 años de edad, fumador, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial para la que lleva tratamiento regular y se mantiene compensado. Acudió a consulta por dolor intenso en el pecho, de varios días de evolución. En el examen físico se constató aumento de volumen en la fosa supraclavicular izquierda, doloroso a la palpación, con soplido, latido, y pérdida del pulso radial izquierdo al elevar el miembro. Se le realizaron exámenes complementarios e imagenológicos. Se diagnosticó aneurisma por compresión de la arteria subclavia izquierda.Conclusiones: la correcta aplicación del método clínico en el nivel primario de atención y la adecuada interrelación con los niveles secundario y terciario, posibilitó el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno del paciente e incidió en su posterior evolución(AU)

Introduction: the aneurysm of the subclavian artery is an infrequent ailment; it represents a minimum percentage of the arterial aneurysms cases. Its clinical manifestations are scarce, it is usually diagnosed incidentally after finding on a chest radiograph a rounded lesion projected on or in relation to the pulmonary apices or in the superior Mediastinum.Objective: to present a case of aneurysm of the left subclavian artery, which, because it is infrequent, requires a correct application of the clinical method. What is of interest to specialists in primary health care.Case presentation: male patient, white, 51 years old, smoker, with a history of hypertension for which he takes regular treatment and remains compensated. He attended the consultation due to severe pain in the chest, several days of evolution. The physical examination revealed an increase in volume in the left supraclavicular fossa, painful on palpation, with blow, beat, and loss of the left radial pulse when the limb was elevated. Complementary and imaging tests were carried out. Aneurysm was diagnosed by compression of the left subclavian artery.Conclusions: the correct application of the clinical method in the primary care level and the adequate interrelation with the secondary and tertiary levels, made possible the diagnosis and timely treatment of the patient and influenced his favorable evolution(AU)

Melanosis coli: diagnóstico endoscópico. Reporte de caso / Melanosis coli: endoscopic diagnosis. Case report

La melanosis coli consiste en una pigmentación negruzca de la mucosa del intestino grueso, producida por absorción de productos aromáticos, por uso excesivo de laxantes derivados del antraceno. Se presentó el primer caso de melanosis coli diagnosticado en los últimos 30 años de trabajo, en el departamento de Gastroenterología del Hospital Faustino Pérez, de Matanzas. Se trata de un paciente con antecedentes de estreñimiento crónico, al cual se le diagnóstica esta entidad por estudio videoendoscópico del colon, corroborándose por estudio histológico, concluyéndose que esta entidad constituye una condición inocua que no traduce manifestaciones clínicas. Casi siempre, aparece de forma accidental en pacientes a los que se les realiza estudios endoscópicos del tracto digestivo inferior y con historia de abuso de laxantes. Para evitarla se recomienda régimen higiénico dietético adecuado, consumo de alimentos ricos en fibras, ejercicios físicos sistemáticos y proscribiendo el uso de laxantes derivados de las antroquinonas. Por tanto, es de gran importancia para Gastroenterólogos estar conscientes de su existencia. A pesar, de que no esté dilucidada todavía la importancia clínica de esta entidad.

The Melanosis coli consist in a blackish pigmentation of the large intestine mucosa, produced for the absorption of aromatic products due to the excessive usage of anthracene-derived laxatives. We present the first case of Melanosis coli diagnosed in the Gastroenterology Department of the Hospital “Faustino Perez”, of Matanzas in the last 30 years. It is the case of a patient with antecedents of chronic constipation, to whom the disease is diagnosed as a result of a colon videoendoscopic study, corroborated by histological study, concluding that this disease is an innocuous condition without clinical manifestations. It almost always appears in an accidental way, in patients to whom endoscopic studies of the low digestive tract are carried out, and having a history of laxatives abuse. To avoid it, an adequate hygiene-epidemiologic regime, rich-in-fibers food consumption, systemic physical training and the proscription of anthraquinone-derived laxatives are need. It is very importance for the gastroenterologists to be conscious of the existence of this entity, although its clinical importance is not elucidated yet.

Melanosis coli, diagnóstico endoscópico: reporte de caso / Melanosis coli, endoscopic diagnosis: case report

La melanosis coli consiste en una pigmentación negruzca de la mucosa del intestino grueso, producida por absorción de productos aromáticos, por uso excesivo de laxantes derivados del antraceno. Se presentó el primer caso de melanosis coli diagnosticado en los últimos 30 años de trabajo, en el departamento de Gastroenterología del Hospital Faustino Pérez, de Matanzas. Se trata de un paciente con antecedentes de estreñimiento crónico, al cual se le diagnóstica esta entidad por estudio videoendoscópico del colon, corroborándose por estudio histológico, concluyéndose que esta entidad constituye una condición inocua que no traduce manifestaciones clínicas. Casi siempre, aparece de forma accidental en pacientes a los que se les realiza estudios endoscópicos del tracto digestivo inferior y con historia de abuso de laxantes. Para evitarla se recomienda régimen higiénico dietético adecuado, consumo de alimentos ricos en fibras, ejercicios físicos sistemáticos y proscribiendo el uso de laxantes derivados de las antroquinonas. Por tanto, es de gran importancia para Gastroenterólogos estar conscientes de su existencia. A pesar, de que no esté dilucidada todavía la importancia clínica de esta entidad(AU)

The Melanosis coli consist in a blackish pigmentation of the large intestine mucosa, produced for the absorption of aromatic products due to the excessive usage of anthracene-derived laxatives. We present the first case of Melanosis coli diagnosed in the Gastroenterology Department of the Hospital Faustino Perez, of Matanzas in the last 30 years. It is the case of a patient with antecedents of chronic constipation, to whom the disease is diagnosed as a result of a colon videoendoscopic study, corroborated by histological study, concluding that this disease is an innocuous condition without clinical manifestations. It almost always appears in an accidental way, in patients to whom endoscopic studies of the low digestive tract are carried out, and having a history of laxatives abuse. To avoid it, an adequate hygiene-epidemiologic regime, rich-in-fibers food consumption, systemic physical training and the proscription of anthraquinone-derived laxatives are need. It is very importance for the gastroenterologists to be conscious of the existence of this entity, although its clinical importance is not elucidated yet(AU)

Ferromagnetic ordering in superatomic solids.

In order to realize significant benefits from the assembly of solid-state materials from molecular cluster superatomic building blocks, several criteria must be met. Reproducible syntheses must reliably produce macroscopic amounts of pure material; the cluster-assembled solids must show properties that are more than simply averages of those of the constituent subunits; and rational changes to the chemical structures of the subunits must result in predictable changes in the collective properties of the solid. In this report we show that we can meet these requirements. Using a combination of magnetometry and muon spin relaxation measurements, we demonstrate that crystallographically defined superatomic solids assembled from molecular nickel telluride clusters and fullerenes undergo a ferromagnetic phase transition at low temperatures. Moreover, we show that when we modify the constituent superatoms, the cooperative magnetic properties change in predictable ways.

Evaluación de calidad en la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica en el Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández / Quality assessment of the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at the Teaching Clinical surgical Hospital Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández

Fundamento: es responsabilidad de los endoscopistas garantizar la realización de procederes de calidad, la cual se basa en parámetros definidos por las diferentes sociedades de endoscopia a nivel mundial. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad en la atención a pacientes que se realizaron la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica en el hospital Faustino Pérez Hernández. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de evaluación de la calidad de las colangiopancreatografías retrógradas endoscópicas, describiéndose los resultados de los procederes realizados en pacientes con indicación del mismo en el Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, de Matanzas, en el período del 23 de febrero de 2010 hasta el 23 febrero de 2012. Aplicados los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, la población de estudio quedó constituida por 159 pacientes. Se analizaron como variables indicadores de calidad: indicaciones del proceder, frecuencia de canulación en papila intacta, éxito técnico en la extracción de cálculos, éxito técnico en la colocación de prótesis distales y proximales y complicaciones. Resultados: la principal indicación del proceder se basó en criterios clínicos, enzimáticos e imagenológicos. Se logró una efectividad en la canulación del conducto deseado del 93,71 por ciento. La efectividad terapéutica en la extracción de litiasis coledocianas fue de 80,76 por ciento en el primer intento. El drenaje de la vía biliar mediante prótesis en estenosis distales se logró en 90,9 por ciento de los pacientes y en el 40 por ciento en el caso de las estenosis proximales. Se presentaron complicaciones en el 7,45 por ciento de los casos y la mortalidad fue de 1,8 por ciento. Conclusiones: durante el período estudiado los pacientes recibieron una atención con buenos parámetros de calidad.

Fundament:it is responsibility of the endoscopists to guarantee carrying out quality procedures, based on the parameters defined by the different endoscopic societies around the world. Objective: to evaluate the quality of health care of patients to whom an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was carried out in the Hospital Faustino Pérez Hernández. Methods: a research evaluating the quality of the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was carried out, describing the results of the procedures performed in patients whom it was indicated in the Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, of Matanzas, in the period from February 23th 2010 to February 23th 2012. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studied population was formed by 159 patients. As variables we analyzed quality indicators: procedure indications, frequency of cannulation in intact papilla, technical success in extracting prosthesis calculi, and technical success in putting distal and proximal prostheses. Results: the main procedure indication was based on clinical, enzymatic and imaging criteria. It was achieved an effectiveness of the desired duct cannulation of 93,71 percent. The therapeutic effectiveness in extraction choledocian lithiasis was 80,76 percent in the first attempt. The biliary duct through prosthesis in distal stenosis was achieved in 90,9 percent of the patient and in 40 percent of the proximal stenosis cases. There were complications in 7,45 percent of the cases and mortality was 1,8 percent. Conclusions: during the studied period the patients received health care with good quality parameters.

Evaluación de calidad en la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica en el Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández / Quality assessment of the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at the Teaching Clinical surgical Hospital Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández

Fundamento: es responsabilidad de los endoscopistas garantizar la realización de procederes de calidad, la cual se basa en parámetros definidos por las diferentes sociedades de endoscopia a nivel mundial. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad en la atención a pacientes que se realizaron la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica en el hospital Faustino Pérez Hernández. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de evaluación de la calidad de las colangiopancreatografías retrógradas endoscópicas, describiéndose los resultados de los procederes realizados en pacientes con indicación del mismo en el Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, de Matanzas, en el período del 23 de febrero de 2010 hasta el 23 febrero de 2012. Aplicados los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, la población de estudio quedó constituida por 159 pacientes. Se analizaron como variables indicadores de calidad: indicaciones del proceder, frecuencia de canulación en papila intacta, éxito técnico en la extracción de cálculos, éxito técnico en la colocación de prótesis distales y proximales y complicaciones. Resultados: la principal indicación del proceder se basó en criterios clínicos, enzimáticos e imagenológicos. Se logró una efectividad en la canulación del conducto deseado del 93,71 por ciento. La efectividad terapéutica en la extracción de litiasis coledocianas fue de 80,76 por ciento en el primer intento. El drenaje de la vía biliar mediante prótesis en estenosis distales se logró en 90,9 por ciento de los pacientes y en el 40 por ciento en el caso de las estenosis proximales. Se presentaron complicaciones en el 7,45 por ciento de los casos y la mortalidad fue de 1,8 por ciento. Conclusiones: durante el período estudiado los pacientes recibieron una atención con buenos parámetros de calidad(AU)

Fundament:it is responsibility of the endoscopists to guarantee carrying out quality procedures, based on the parameters defined by the different endoscopic societies around the world. Objective: to evaluate the quality of health care of patients to whom an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was carried out in the Hospital Faustino Pérez Hernández. Methods: a research evaluating the quality of the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was carried out, describing the results of the procedures performed in patients whom it was indicated in the Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, of Matanzas, in the period from February 23th 2010 to February 23th 2012. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studied population was formed by 159 patients. As variables we analyzed quality indicators: procedure indications, frequency of cannulation in intact papilla, technical success in extracting prosthesis calculi, and technical success in putting distal and proximal prostheses. Results: the main procedure indication was based on clinical, enzymatic and imaging criteria. It was achieved an effectiveness of the desired duct cannulation of 93,71 percent. The therapeutic effectiveness in extraction choledocian lithiasis was 80,76 percent in the first attempt. The biliary duct through prosthesis in distal stenosis was achieved in 90,9 percent of the patient and in 40 percent of the proximal stenosis cases. There were complications in 7,45 percent of the cases and mortality was 1,8 percent. Conclusions: during the studied period the patients received health care with good quality parameters(AU)

Inserción laboral de las matronas graduadas entre los años 2001 y 2005 / Integration into the workforce of midwives graduated between 2001 and 2005

Objetivo: Conocer las características de la inserción laboral de las matronas que se graduaron entre los años 2001 y 2005. Personas y método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se estudiaron todas las matronas que se graduaron en España entre los años 2001 y 2005, en 18 Unidades Docentes de Matronas pertenecientes a 15 Comunidades Autónomas. Se utilizó un cuestionario elaborado por el equipo investigador que se envió por correo postal o electrónico. Resultados: Se recibieron 328 cuestionarios cumplimentados, un 44,14% de los enviados. Todas las matronas que respondieron habían trabajado como matrona, y el 89,3% (293) consiguió trabajo en menos de un mes. Tenía un contrato fijo el 12,2% (38), lo tenía interino el 43,9% (136), y el resto tenía un contrato eventual. El 84,8 (263) desarrollaba su actividad asistencial en el hospital. Un 24,2% (74) estaba en situación de pluriempleo. El 5,4% (18) no trabajaban como matronas. El número de matronas que estaba trabajando en la misma CC.AA. que se había formado era inferior al 50% de las matronas formadas en Canarias, Castilla-La Mancha, Cataluña, Galicia y País Vasco. Conclusiones: La inserción laboral se realiza rápidamente y la situación de pluriempleo es alta, lo que indica escasez de profesionales. La mayoría de las matronas desarrolla su actividad asistencial en hospitales. Hay unidades que forman a más matronas procedentes de otra comunidad que de la propia, como consecuencia de esto son menos las matronas que trabajan en estas comunidades que las que se formaron en ellas (AU)

Objective: To characterize the integration into the workforce of midwives graduated between 2001 and 2005. Participants and method: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was performed. It included all the midwives who graduated from 18 Midwifery Teaching Units in 15 Spanish autonomous communities from 2001 to 2005. A questionnaire prepared by the research team and distributed by postal or electronic mail was employed. Results: We received 328 completed questionnaires, 44.14% of those sent out. All the responders had worked as a midwife and 89.3% (293) had found work within less than a month. Thirty-eight (12.2%) had found permanent jobs, while 136 (43.9%) had substitute positions and the remainder had temporary jobs. In all, 84.8% (n=263) were working in a hospital. Seventy-four (24.2%) held more than one job. Eighteen (5.4%) were not working as midwives. The number of midwives who were working in the same autonomous community in which they had received their training was less. Than 50% among those who had studied in the communities of Canary Islands, Castilla La Mancha, Catalonia, Galicia and the Basque Country. Conclusions: Midwives are integrated rapidly into the workforce and many work in more than one place, an indication of the shortage of these professionals. Most of the midwives work in hospitals. There are units that train more midwives from outside their community. Consequently, the number of midwives working in these communities is lower than the number who studied midwifery there (AU)

Síndrome ciático por hemangio pericitomaintra glúteo / Sciatic syndrome due to intragluteal hemangiopericytoma

El hemangiopericitoma es un infrecuente tumor vascular que afecta predominantemente a las extremidades inferiores, la pelvis y el retroperitoneo; son excepcionales la localización glútea y la neuralgia ciática asociada. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 41 años que consultó por una neuralgia ciática izquierda e induración glútea. La resonancia magnética descartó una enfermedad ósea o discal de la columna lumbosacra pero puso de manifiesto una tumoración intraglútea que captaba contraste intravenoso. La tumoración fue extirpada completamente y su estudio histopatológico fue informado como hemangiopericitoma. El control clínico y mediante resonancia magnética no ha mostrado alteraciones a los 2 años de la intervención. Queremos destacar la rareza de esta localización intraglútea con el síndrome ciático acompañante (AU)

Morfina por via epidural en la analgesía post-césarea: aspectos perinatológicos / Post-cesarean analgesia with epidural morphine: perinatological effects

La repercusión fetal de la administración de 5 mg de clorhidrato de morfina por vía epidural para la analgesia postcesárea fue estudiada en 30 pacientes de operación cesária programada; 15 de ellas recibieron anestesia epidural convencional y las restantes con el agregado del alcaloide. Un grupo de pediátras no informados del tipo de anestesia usado efectuó valoración neonatal por índice de Apgar. Los valores fueron similares para ambos grupos. No hubo ningún caso de depresión respiratoria fetal. Por medio de R.I.A. de alta especificidad se midieron los niveles circulantes de morfina en el plasma materno, a los 10 min. de la inyección (X: 27,05 ng/ml): en sangre del cordón umbilical, a los 20 min. de la inyección (X: 14,9 ng/ml) en el recién nacido a los 10 min. de vida, (X: 8,7 ng/ml), todos ellos valores de muy baja magnitud. Con la dosis utilizada, la transferencia transplacentaria de morfina no produjo efectos deletéreos sobre el recién nacido (AU)

Valoración de los efectos secundarios de la morfina por via epidural en la analgesía post-césarea / Evaluation of side effects of epidural morphine in post-cesarean analgesia

La incidencia e importancia de los efectos secundarios de la administración de 5 mg de morfina por via epidural fueron valoradas en 150 pacientes de operación cesárea. No se registraron casos de depresión respiratoria ni de retención urinária. Náuseas y vómitos se presentaron en el 12,6% de los casos. El prurito fue el efecto secundario más frecuente (57,3% de los pacientes) y sólo excepcionalmente fue molesto. Se presentó también tras el uso de morfina sin conservadores, surgiriendo que se trata de un efecto inherente a la molécula del alcaloide (AU)