Percepción de la calidad de vida de personas receptoras de trasplante renal en etapas temprana y tardía / Quality of life in kidney transplant recipients in early and late stages: a qualitative study

Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica incluye diversos tratamientos, el trasplante renal es el procedimiento electivo debido a la mejora de la calidad de vida y la supervivencia frente a otros tratamientos. El paciente experimenta situaciones abrumadoras por la complejidad que implica la adaptación. Objetivo: comparar la percepción de calidad de vida postrasplante en la etapa temprana y tardía en cuatro dimensiones. Metodología: estudio con enfoque cualitativo, aplicación del diseño fenomenológico con alcance de saturación de categorías. La calidad de vida se enfocó en cuatro dimensiones: bienestar físico, bienestar emocional, relaciones interpersonales y bienestar material. Se utilizó la herramienta Atlas ti V.20 para capturar datos, evaluar y visualizar las relaciones entre entrevistas para crear redes semánticas. Resultados: se entrevistó a 10 personas sobre su percepción de calidad de vida posterior al trasplante renal en la etapa temprana y tardía, independientemente de su situación funcional, social, psicológica y económica. Conclusiones: la calidad de vida percibida en las personas receptoras de trasplante renal son el constructor de sus actividades y su reintegración a ellas, preservando hechos como el mantenimiento de su estado de salud, vínculo de sus relaciones y producción laboral. Estudiar dicha percepción ampliada en las dimensiones estudiadas describen mejor el estado progresivo en la recuperación... (AU)

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease includes various treatments, Kidney Transplantation is the elective procedure, due to the improvement in quality of life and survival compared to other treatments. The patient experiences overwhelming situations due to the complexity that adaptation implies. Objective: To compare the perception of quality of life after transplantation in the early and late stages in four dimensions. Methodology: Study with a qualitative approach, application of the phenomenological design with a scope of saturation of categories, it is worth mentioning that the quality of life was focused on four dimensions: physical well-being, emotional well-being, interpersonal relationships and material well-being. The tool Atlas ti V.20 was used to capture data, evaluate and visualize the relationships between interviews to create semantic networks. Results: 10 patients were interviewed about the perception of quality-of-life post-transplant improvement in early and late stages, regardless of their functional, social, psychological and economic situation; Conclusions: The perceived quality of life in kidney transplant recipients is the construct of their activities and their reintegration into them, preserving facts such as the maintenance of their state of health, the bond of their relationships and labor production. Studying this expanded perception in the dimensions studied better describe the progressive state in recovery.

Supervivencia del injerto y pacientes postrasplante renal de un hospital de Yucatán, México / Graft and patient survival after kidney transplantation in a hospital in Yucatan, Mexico

Introducción: El trasplante de órganos es considerado como uno de los mayores avances de la medicina, no solo por recuperar la salud, sino por mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con enfermedades crónicas o terminales.Objetivo: Identificar la supervivencia del injerto y pacientes sometidos a trasplante renal, así como los factores asociados en un Hospital de Alta Especialidad de Mérida, Yucatán, México.Material y Método: Estudio epidemiológico, observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo donde se analizó el 100% de los expedientes disponibles de pacientes con trasplante renal, cuyo procedimiento se realizó a partir de enero de 2010 a diciembre de 2018.Resultados: La supervivencia global de los pacientes, fue de 96,7% a 1 año (IC:95%: 0,92-0,99) y 90,7% a 5 años (IC:95%: 0,75-0,97). La administración de terapia inmunosupresora previa al trasplante es un factor independiente de protección frente al desenlace de mortalidad o fallo del injerto (p=0,02). La supervivencia del injerto fue de 79,2% a 1 año (IC:95%: 0,71-0,85), y 41,37% a 5 años (IC:95%: 0,27-0,54). La dislipidemia (p=0,01), la diabetes tipo 2 (p=0,09), la isquemia fría (p=0,01), la isquemia caliente (p=0,02), la edad (p=0,03), y el Índice de Masa Corporal (p=0,01) fueron determinantes de la supervivencia del injerto.Conclusiones: La supervivencia del paciente y del injerto son distintas. La administración de inmunosupresor previo al trasplante afecta la supervivencia del paciente; mientras que factores de riesgo cardiovascular y los tiempos de isquemia estuvieron ligados a la supervivencia del injerto. (AU)

Introduction: Organ transplantation is considered one of the greatest advances in medicine, not only for restoring health, but also for improving the quality of life of people with chronic or terminal diseases.Objective: To identify graft and renal transplant patient survival and associated factors in a high specialty hospital in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.Material and Method: Epidemiological, observational, longitudinal and retrospective study analysing all available records of renal transplant patients whose procedure was performed from January 2010 to December 2018.Results: Overall patient survival was 96.7% at 1 year (95% CI:0.92-0.99) and 90.7% at 5 years (95% CI:0.75-0.97). The administration of immunosuppressive therapy prior to transplantation is an independent factor for protection against the outcome of mortality or graft failure (p=0.02). Graft survival was 79.2% at 1 year (95% CI:0.71-0.85), and 41.37% at 5 years (95% CI:0.27-0.54). Dyslipidaemia (p=0.01), type 2 diabetes (p=0.09), cold ischaemia (p=0.01), warm ischaemia (p=0.02), age (p=0.03), and body mass index (p=0.01) were determinants of graft survival.Conclusions: Patient and graft survival are distinct. Pre-transplant immunosuppressant administration affects patient survival, while cardiovascular risk factors and ischaemia times were linked to graft survival. (AU)

The immunogenetic diversity of the HLA system in Mexico correlates with underlying population genetic structure.

We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) allele groups and alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in a total of 15,318 mixed ancestry Mexicans from all the states of the country divided into 78 sample sets, providing information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies and their linkage disequilibrium, as well as admixture estimates and genetic substructure. We identified the presence of 4268 unique HLA extended haplotypes across Mexico and find that the ten most frequent (HF > 1%) HLA haplotypes with significant linkage disequilibrium (Δ'≥0.1) in Mexico (accounting for 20% of the haplotypic diversity of the country) are of primarily Native American ancestry (A*02~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*35~DRB1*08~DQB1*04, A*68~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*24~B*39~DRB1*14~DQB1*03:01, A*24~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*24~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*40:02~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*68~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*15:01~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02). Admixture estimates obtained by a maximum likelihood method using HLA-A/-B/-DRB1 as genetic estimators revealed that the main genetic components in Mexico as a whole are Native American (ranging from 37.8% in the northern part of the country to 81.5% in the southeastern region) and European (ranging from 11.5% in the southeast to 62.6% in northern Mexico). African admixture ranged from 0.0 to 12.7% not following any specific pattern. We were able to detect three major immunogenetic clusters correlating with genetic diversity and differential admixture within Mexico: North, Central and Southeast, which is in accordance with previous reports using genome-wide data. Our findings provide insights into the population immunogenetic substructure of the whole country and add to the knowledge of mixed ancestry Latin American population genetics, important for disease association studies, detection of demographic signatures on population variation and improved allocation of public health resources.

Genetic diversity of HLA system in two populations from Campeche, Mexico: Campeche city and rural Campeche.

We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 81 Mexicans from the state of Campeche living in the city of Campeche (N = 34) and rural communities (N = 47), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We find that the most frequent haplotypes in the state of Campeche include ten Native American, three European, one African and one Asian haplotype. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in the state of Campeche are Native American (65.56 ±â€¯0.96% by ML; 51.24% of Native American haplotypes), European (34.44 ±â€¯10.94% by ML; 30.25% of European haplotypes), and a virtually absent African genetic component (0.00 ±â€¯10.31% by ML; 9.26% of African haplotypes).

Genetic diversity of HLA system in two populations from Yucatán, Mexico: Mérida and rural Yucatán.

We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 324 Mexicans from the state of Yucatán living in the city of Mérida (N = 192) and rural communities (N = 132), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We found that the most frequent haplotypes in the state of Yucatán include 16 Native American and one European haplotype. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in Yucatán are Native American (81.54 ±â€¯4.99% by ML; 62.92% of Native American haplotypes) and European (11.50 ±â€¯15.43% by ML; 23.26% of European haplotypes), and a less prominent African genetic component (6.96 ±â€¯10.47% by ML; 5.93% of African haplotypes).

Genetic diversity of HLA system in two populations from Quintana Roo, Mexico: Cancún and rural Quintana Roo.

We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 98 Mexicans from the state of Quintana Roo living in the city of Cancún (N = 48) and rural communities (N = 50), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies and their linkage disequilibrium. We found that the most frequent haplotypes in Quintana Roo include ten Native American and two European haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in Quintana Roo are Native American (80.85 ±â€¯3.70% by ML; 60.20% of Native American haplotypes) and European (15.19 ±â€¯14.25% by ML; 26.02% of European haplotypes), and a less prominent African genetic component (3.96 ±â€¯10.75% by ML; 6.63% of African haplotypes).

[Decreased transfusions in preterm infants with anemia treated with erythropoietin]. / Disminución de transfusiones en prematuros con anemia tratados con eritropoyetina.

BACKGROUND: Treating anemia of prematurity is transfused red blood cells and the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. The aim of this article is to determine the correlation between the number of blood transfusions and the use of recombinant human erythropoietin in preterm infants with anemia. METHODS: A correlation study was performed in 80 cases of patients with anemia treated with transfusions and erythropoietin, were randomized into two groups: one was treated with transfusions (T) and one with transfusions and erythropoietin (E). Demographic variables, hemoglobin and hematocrit at the beginning and end of treatment and number of transfusions received were measured. The correlation was obtained through Spearman Rho, considering p < 0.05 as statistically significant. RESULTS: The total number of units transfused in each group was lower in group E, which received two units less than the T group (p < 0.05). The average CE transfused in group E was 4 ± 1.2 and 7 ± 1.2 for the group T. For the group E the correlation between gestational age and number of transfusions was moderately negative (-0348); birth weight and the number of packed red blood cells transfused were slightly negative (-0239). T group for the negative correlation between the same variables moderate slight negative (-0300) and (-0109), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Erythropoietin reduces the number of blood transfusions in preterm infants with anemia. Its use does not preclude the transfusion, the patient remains exposed to the risk of communicable diseases in this way.

Introducción: el tratamiento de la anemia del prematuro consiste en la transfusión de glóbulos rojos y el uso de agentes estimulantes de la eritropoyesis. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la correlación entre el número de transfusiones sanguíneas y el uso de eritropoyetina recombinante humana en prematuros con anemia. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de correlación en 80 expedientes de pacientes con anemia tratados con transfusiones y eritropoyetina, se aleatorizaron en dos grupos: uno fue tratado con transfusiones (T) y otro con transfusiones y eritropoyetina (E). Se midieron variables demográficas, hemoglobina y hematócrito al inicio y al final del tratamiento y número de transfusiones recibidas. La correlación se obtuvo por medio de la Rho de Spearman, considerándose una p < 0.05 como significativamente estadística. Resultados: el total de unidades transfundidas en cada grupo fue menor en el grupo E, que recibió dos unidades menos que el grupo T (p < 0.05). El promedio de CE transfundidos en el grupo E fue 4 ± 1.2 y de 7 ± 1.2 para el grupo T. Para el grupo E la correlación entre edad gestacional y número de transfusiones fue negativa moderada (-0.348); el peso al nacimiento y el número de concentrados de eritrocitos transfundidos fue negativa leve (-0.239). Para el grupo T la correlación entre las mismas variables negativa moderada (-0.300) y negativa leve (-0.109). Conclusiones: la eritropoyetina reduce el número de transfusiones sanguíneas en recién nacidos prematuros con anemia. Su uso no excluye la transfusión, el paciente continúa expuesto al riesgo de enfermedades transmisibles por esta vía.

Prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en personal de enfermería de dos instituciones de salud / Prevalence of burnout syndrome in nursing staff of two health institutions

Resumen:

Introducción: la seguridad del paciente se ha convertido en un objeto esencial de los sistemas de salud desde la perspectiva de calidad asistencial, puesto que se identifica con los procesos de mejora de los servicios sanitarios para elevar la calidad de la atención. La Comisión Internacional de Enfermería propone el trato digno como un indicador de calidad. La enfermera es el personaje que tiene más interacción con el paciente. Objetivo: conocer la percepción del familiar y del paciente sobre el trato digno otorgado por el personal de enfermería. Metodología: se realizó una encuesta a 114 sujetos en el Hospital de Especialidades Ignacio García Téllez de Mérida, Yucatán. Se utilizó el cuestionario sobre trato digno; los datos se sometieron a análisis descriptivo y los resultados se presentaron en cuadros y figuras. Resultados: el promedio de edad fue de 40.62 ± 7.77 años. El 55.3 % de los pacientes perteneció al género femenino. El 31.6 % era del servicio de Hematología y el 28.1 % de Oncología. El nivel de escolaridad predominante fue la secundaria. El 82.5 % de los pacientes respondió que siempre recibe trato digno. Conclusiones: el personal de enfermería cumplió con los criterios de trato digno al paciente hospitalizado; sin embargo, no alcanza el indicador del sistema INDICAS, por lo que es necesario plantear p royectos de mejora para elevar la calidad de la atención.

Abstract:

Introduction: Patient safety has become essential object of health systems from the perspective of quality of care and the improvement health services. The International Nursing Commission proposes Fair treatment as a quality indicator. The nurse is the character with more interaction with the patient. Objective: To know the perception of family and patient on fair treatment by the nursing staff. Methodology: We conducted a survey of 114 subjects in the UMAE of Merida, Yucatan. The dignified treatment questionnaire was used; data underwent descriptive analysis and the results are presented in tables and figures. Results: The mean age was 40.62±7.77 years. The 55.3% were female and 44.7% was male. The 31.6% of subjects was from hematology and 28.1% was from oncology. The predominant academic level was highschool. 82.5% of answers was that the subjects always received fair treatment. Conclusions: The nursing staff met the criteria of fair treatment to hospitalized patient; however, it not enough to achieve the INDICAS goal, it is necessary to propose improvement projects to reach the quality of care.