Dataset on the assessment of water quality of ground water in Kalingarayan Canal, Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India.

This data article aimed to investigate the quality of ground water in Kalingarayan Canal for the analysis of pollution level, Tamil Nadu. In order to understand the pollution status of the canal, nine ground water samples (GW1- GW9) were collected from the downstream side of the canal during the period between January 2014 - December 2016. Nine stations were selected along the Kalingarayan Canal, and ground water samples were collected on a monthly basis from these stations. The parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), chlorides, total hardness (TH) nitrates, sulphates, sodium, calcium and magnesium were analyzed to observe the current status of the groundwater quality. Also, the groundwater quality is expressed in terms of Water Quality index (WQI). The APHA method was applied to determine the physico chemical parameters of the water samples. From the investigation, WQI reflects a low quality of groundwater in sampling stations Kolathupalayam (GW3) and Perumparai (GW6) which is mainly contaminated with nitrate and the water is found to be very hard in nature. Also, it was observed that calcium and magnesium content in groundwater is very high at certain stations. Most of the groundwater from this place cannot be used for any kind of industrial processes and human consumption without proper treatment.

Dataset on the assessment of water quality of surface water in Kalingarayan Canal for heavy metal pollution, Tamil Nadu.

This data article aimed to investigate the quality of surface water in Kalingarayan Canal for heavy metal pollution, Tamil Nadu. Eight heavy metals like Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni were analyzed in the water, for a period of three years, spanning the time frame between January 2014 to December 2016. Eight stations were selected along the Kalingarayan Canal, and water samples were collected on a monthly basis from these stations. The pH of the samples was in the alkaline state (6.88-8.90), whereas conductance was in the range of 394-4276 µs/cm. The average concentration of heavy metals in the surface water ranges from 0.040 to 10.75, 0.030 to 0.890, 0.02 to 0.91, 0.00 to 1.96, 0.00 to 0.01, 0.00 to 0.053, 0.01 to 0.12 and 0.110 to 3.40 mg/L for the metals Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb and Cr respectively. The dominance of various heavy metals in the surface water follows the sequence: Fe > Cr > Cu > Zn > Mn > Pb > Ni > Cd respectively. The canal is affected by anthropogenic activities and industrialization in terms of heavy metals.

A novel method for the removal of epoxy coating from waste printed circuit board.

The printed circuit board, which is the heart of all electronic devices, is a rich source of metal, which could act as a future resource. Bioleaching, a biological treatment, would be an appropriate method for the environmentally sound management of e-waste. Various strippers are used to remove the epoxy coating and it is harmful to remove the epoxy coating with those solvents and salts in the open because of the presence of brominated flame retardants on the surface of the printed circuit board, which leads to serious health issues. An alternate process is required to remove the epoxy coating thereby enhancing the bioleaching process. Sonication is the process of applying sound energy to agitate particles in a solvent bath. The combined process of sonication and solvent stripping in a closed environment could decrease the time for stripping the epoxy coating. An attempt has been made to optimise the stripping agent for the removal of epoxy coating and from the experiment it was found that bath sonication could easily remove the epoxy coating from the waste printed circuit board with no emission of toxic gases. An optimum time of 5 min was enough for the stripping process prior to the soak time of 8 h at 5 N NaOH solution, while a longer time and high concentration of chemicals would be required to remove the epoxy coating with usual methods.

Experimental Studies on Co-composting of Municipal Solid Waste with Paper Mill Sludge.

In this study, a series of experimental studies were conducted with regard to bioconversion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste along with paper mill sludge at different C/N ratios. About 10 kg of shredded waste containing paper mill sludge, saw dust and municipal solid waste was placed in reactors in different proportions and 100 mL of effective microorganisms was added to it. The variation in physical and chemical parameters was monitored throughout the process. The results indicate that co-composting of paper mill sludge with municipal solid waste produces compost that is more stable and homogenous and can be effectively used as soil conditioner.

Bioremediation of municipal solid waste by windrow composting.

Due to rapid urbanization and economic development the urban cities are facing the problem of solid waste management. It is one among the major challenges faced by governing bodies. Bioremediation of municipal solid waste can be effectively done by windrow composting. In this study, a consortium of effective microorganisms was used for the windrow composting process. About 500 kg of shredded waste was placed in two windrows and 1 litre effective microorganisms were sprayed on one of the windrows. The variation in physical and chemical parameters was monitored throughout the process. The results indicate that usage of effective microorganisms not only shortens the stabilization time but also improves product quality. The final product was more stable and homogenous and can be effectively used as soil conditioner.

Treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater in hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor packed with pleated poly vinyl chloride rings.

In this study, the performance of 5.4 L hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (HUASB) reactor for treating poultry slaughterhouse wastewater under mesophilic conditions (29-35 °C), was investigated. After starting-up, the reactor was loaded up to an OLR of 19 kg COD/m3 d and achieved varied TCOD and SCOD removal efficiencies of 70-86% and 80-92%, respectively. The biogas was varied between 1.1 and 5.2 m3/m3 d with the maximum methane content of 72%. The maximum methane yield was 0.32 m3/kg CODremoved at an OLR of 9.27 kg COD/m3 d. Black matured granules of size between 2.5 and 5 mm were observed at the end of 225 d operation. RTD study showed the flow behavior was in mixed regime at the end of performance study. Step wise polynomial regression analysis was fitted well. Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta bacteria were dominant at the end of start-up whereas Methanosarcina, Cocci and rods were predominant at the end of performance studies.

Determination of reaction rates and activation energy in aerobic composting processes for yard waste.

The reaction rates and activation energy in aerobic composting processes for yard waste were determined using specifically designed reactors. Different mixture ratios were fixed before the commencement of the process. The C/N ratio was found to be optimum for a mixture ratio of 1:6 containing one part of coir pith to six parts of other waste which included yard waste, yeast sludge, poultry yard waste and decomposing culture (Pleurotosis). The path of stabilization of the wastes was continuously monitored by observing various parameters such as temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity, C.O.D, VS at regular time intervals. Kinetic analysis was done to determine the reaction rates and activation energy for the optimum mixture ratio under forced aeration condition. The results of the analysis clearly indicated that the temperature dependence of the reaction rates followed the Arrhenius equation. The temperature coefficients were also determined. The degradation of the organic fraction of the yard waste could be predicted using first order reaction model.

Colour removal from textile waste water using bioculture in continous mode.

One of the environmental problems being faced by textile industry is the removal of colour from the dye wastewater prior to discharge to local sewage treatment facilities or adjoining water courses. During the past two decades, several physico-chemical methods like adsorption, chemical treatment and ion pair extractions were adopted and have been proved to be costly and less effective. Biological treatment methods are comparatively cheap and considered to be the best alternative with proper analysis and environmental control. With this in mind, an attempt was made to evaluate efficiency with mixed microbial cultures for the decolourisation of the dye wastewater in continuous mode operation. Laboratory scale models of anaerobic reactor, activated sludge process and sand filter were fabricated and operated in series. The activated bioclean was inoculated in the anaerobic reactor. The characteristics and treatability of the textile dye wastewater were analysed. The sample taken for the study was combined effluent collected from the equalization tank in Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP), Tirupur. The experiments were conducted for different organic loading rates. Parameters such as colour, pH, COD, BOD, suspended solids, total dissolved solids, chlorides and sulphates for both the influent and effluent were evaluated. The removal efficiency of the anaerobic process, activated sludge process and sand filter for the above said parameters were studied.

Air quality modelling of vehicular emissions under GIS environment, for Coimbatore Corporation (west zone).

Environment pollution is simply a consequence of the anthropogenic activities of mankind. Emissions from the motor vehicles have been shown to be the major contribution to air pollution in the urban environment. The major pollutants are SO2, No(x) and CO. Of these pollutants carbon monoxide is of utmost importance as the pollutant has serious toxicological effects and proves fatal on mankind. In this study, the concentration of Carbon-Monoxide (CO) along and near the major roads at Coimbatore west zone due to vehicular emission is predicted using the Air Quality Modelling Software Called CALINE4 model. Using MAPINFO GIS environment, thematic maps of the CO pollution at different receptor heights were prepared. Also, the concentration of CO for the year 2004 at 1.8 m height and 5 m height were predicted. In addition, to create awareness about the air quality, suggestions had been given to take suitable measures from engineering and environmental point of view.

In-vessel composting of different organic waste.

Experimental data on bio degradation of wastes with different C/N ratios have been presented for vessel composting conditions. Detailed analysis on the routes of stabilization of organic wastes was done. Greater efficiency during aeration have been pointed out and discussed. Necessity of detailed evaluation of temperature, pH, total solids, E.C, volatile solids, C.O.D, nutrient levels of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, is suggested to achieve quicker bioconversion of organic wastes into humus. Four separate amendment conditions were applied to stimulate varying degrees of bioconversion rate. Optimum environmental conditions were maintained inside vessel through proper aeration, moisture adjustment and sufficient mixing.