Dialysis treatment, in vitro, and anticoagulation activity of polysulfone-polyacrylamide based-blend membranes: an experimental study.

The majority of treatments are performed with polysulfone (PSf) membranes. The main issue of the PSf membrane is its lack of endothelial function, leading to various processes like platelet adhesion, protein adsorption, and thrombus formation when comes in contact with blood. The crucial aspect in the development of hemodialysis (HD) membrane materials is a biocompatibility factor. This study aims to improve the performance and biocompatibility of PSf membranes by utilizing polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a pore-forming agent and polyacrylamide (PAA) as a multifunctional modifying additive owing to its non-toxic, and biocompatible nature. The formulated HD membranes were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Water Contact Angle (WCA) measurements. The biocompatibility results showed that PSf-PAA membranes reduced the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein, hemolysis process, thrombus formation, and platelets adhesion with improved in vitro cytotoxicity results as well as anticoagulation performance. The protein separation results showed that PSf-PAA membranes were able to reject 90.1% and 92.8% of BSA protein. The membranes also showed better uremic waste clearance for urea (76.56% and 78.24%) and creatinine (73.71% and 79.13%) solutes, respectively. It is conceivable that these modern-age membranes may surpass conventional HD membranes regarding both efficiency and effectiveness.

Environmental remediation through various composite membranes moieties: Performances and thermomechanical properties.

Pollution harms ecosystems and poses a serious threat to human health around the world through direct or indirect effects on air, water, and land. The importance of remediating effluents is paramount to reducing environmental concerns. CO2 emissions are removed efficiently and efficaciously with mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), which are viable replacements for less efficient and costly membranes. In the field of membrane technology, MMMs are advancing rapidly due to their good separation properties. The selection of filler to be incorporated in mixed matrix membranes is very considered very important. There has been considerable interest in MOFs, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), ionic liquids (ILs), carbon molecular sieves (CMSs), sulfonated fillers (SFs), and layered silicates (LSs) as inorganic fillers for improving the properties of mixed matrix membranes. These fillers promise superb results and long durability for mixed matrix membranes based on them. The purpose of this review is to review different fillers used in MMMs for improving separation properties, limitations, and thermomechanical properties for environmental control and remediation.

Recent advancement challenges with synthesis of biocompatible hemodialysis membranes.

The focus of this study is to enhance the protein fouling resistance, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, hemocompatibility and ability of the membranes and to reduce health complications like chronic pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease after dialysis, which are the great challenges in HD applications. In the current study, the PSF-based dialysis membranes are studied broadly. Significant consideration has also been provided to membrane characteristics (e.g., flowrate coefficient, solute clearance characteristic) and also on commercially available polysulfone HD membranes. PSF has gained a significant share in the development of HD membranes, and continuous improvements are being made in the process to make high flux PSF-based dialysis membranes with enhanced biocompatibility and improved protein resistance ability as the major issue in the development of membranes for HD application is biocompatibility. There has been a great increase in the demand for novel biocompatible membranes that offer the best performances during HD therapy, for example, low oxidative stress and low change ability of blood pressure.