Quantification of tramadol and serotonin by cobalt nickel tungstate in real biological samples to evaluate the effect of analgesic drugs on neurotransmitters.

In this work, CoNiWO4 nanocomposite was used as an electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of tramadol and serotonin. The nanocomposite was synthesized using a hydrothermal method and characterized via XRD, SEM, TGA, Zeta, UV, and FTIR. The sensor was developed by depositing CoNiWO4-NPs onto the glassy carbon electrode surface. Tramadol and serotonin were detected by employing cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronoamperometry. Analytes were detected at different pH, concentrations, and scan rates. The prepared sensor showed a 0-60 µM linear range, with a LOD of 0.71 µM and 4.29 µM and LOQ of 14.3 µM and 2.3 µM for serotonin and tramadol, respectively. Finally, the modified electrode (CoNiWO4-GCE) was applied to determine tramadol and serotonin in biological samples.

Evaluation and Association of Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Untreated COVID-19 Patients on the Basis of Differences in Ethnicity and Curcumin as a Possible Treatment.

BACKGROUND: CBC (complete blood count) tests, along with RPM (Renal parameters) and LFT (Liver function tests), are clinically important for coronavirus patients; curcumin can serve as a possible treatment for SARS- CoV. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the relationship of CBC parameters with renal parameters and liver function tests and to develop the hypothesis that curcumin may be the best and non-invasive drug for coronavirus. Materials &Methods: The differences between the results of 91 confirmed cases of covid-19 (symptomatic and asymptomatic) and 100 controls were assessed by an independent t-test and Mann-Witney U Wilcoxon test. Microscopy, hematological tools, and techniques were used to assess the improvements/abnormalities in blood components and parameters. RESULTS: This is a case control study along with the feasibility of curcumin as covid treatment. The association between parameters was assessed by Pearson & Spearman correlation analysis. The level of significance was p<0.05. Changes were observed in urea (p=0.000), creatinine (p=0.02), total bilirubin (P=0.000), SGPT (ALT) (p=0.000), RBC (p=0.001), HGB (p=0.001), MCV (p=0.002), MCH (p=0.03), MPV, PDW, NE%, LY%, and MO% EO% (p=0.00), in comparison to normal controls. Differences in the correlation of electrolytes, RPM, and LFT tests along with CBC parameters in Pakistani and Chinese individuals provided a new idea for using various diagnostic and therapeutic tools in different ethnic groups. The covid-19 infected blood components and parameters showed rapid improvement/recovery, especially the total count of platelets and WBCs (lymphocytes and basophils), HGB, HCT, MCV, and MCH. CONCLUSION: Curcumin drugs can be used as an immediate remedy/treatment to cure COVID-19 patients.

Tin derived antimony/nitrogen-doped porous carbon (Sb/NPC) composite for electrochemical sensing of albumin from hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

An electrochemical sensor based on an antimony/nitrogen-doped porous carbon (Sb/NPC) composite has been developed for the quantitative detection of albumin from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Sb/NPC is hydrothermally synthesized from Sn/NPC precursors. The synthesized precursor (Sn/NPC) and the product (Sb/NPC) are characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA, UV/Vis, SEM, and AFM. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance studies are used to investigate the electrochemical performance of Sb/NPC-GCE. Sb/NPC-GCE detects albumin at physiological pH of 7.4 in the potential range 0.92 V and 0.09 V for oxidation and reduction, respectively. LOD and recovery of Sb/NPC-GCE for the determination of albumin are 0.13 ng.mL-1 and 66.6 ± 0.97-100 ± 2.73%, respectively. Chronoamperometry of the modified working electrode demonstrates its stability for 14 h, indicating its reusability and reproducibility. Sb/NPC-GCE is a selective sensor for albumin detection in the presence of interfering species. The electrode has been applied for albumin detection in human serum samples of HCC patients. A negative correlation of albumin with alpha-fetoprotein levels in HCC patients is observed by statistical analysis.

Tellurium doped zinc imidazole framework (Te@ZIF-8) for quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide from serum of pancreatic cancer patients.

The tellurium doped zinc imidazole framework (Te@ZIF-8) is prepared by a two-step hydrothermal strategy for the electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide. Material is characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The electrochemical characterization of the MOF modified electrode is done by a three-electrode system. Electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide is made by cyclic voltammetry, amperometry, and impedance measurements. Results demonstrate that Te@ZIF-8 shows a detection limit of 60 µM with linearity up to 0.98855. Material is stable to 1000 cycles with no significant change in electrochemical response. Amperometry depicts the recovery of hydrogen peroxide from human serum up to 101%. Impedance curve reveals the surface of Te@ZIF-8-GCE (glassy carbon electrode) as porous and rough and an interface is developed between analyte ions and the sensing material. Finally, the modified electrode is used for the quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide from serum samples of pancreatic cancer patients, diagnosed with CA 19-9.

Quality, quantity and hematological disorders in blood under Ethanol analyte an in vitro study.

The purpose of this manuscript is to analyze the quantity, quality and disorders of blood components and blood parameters before and after addition of five different concentrations i.e. (0µl, 10µl, 20µl, 30µl and 40µl) of ethyl alcohol (ethanol) in the blood of Brest cancer patient. We diagnose the disorders in cells count, shape of cells, size of cells and many blood parameters like Hemoglobin, Red blood cells distribution width, Mean corpuscular volume, Platelet crit, Mean platelet volume, Platelet distribution width, Hematocrit, Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, Cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, high-density lipoprotein, Urea and Total Billirubin by using hematological techniques. We have noted that the number of WBCs and RBCs decrease sharply while platelet cells increases gradually. We also have revealed the shape changes like WBCs show disintegration around RBCs and clumping of Platelet cells. This work will be extended towards the three dimensional imaging using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for monitoring the level of Ethanol in blood via vasculature maps both for the normal and breast cancer.

Monitoring and Evaluation of Thyroid Function Tests, Serum Electrolytes and Creatinine Levels Before and After 131I Therapy.

BACKGROUND: Serum electrolytes, Creatinine, and thyroid profile play an important role in 131I treated patients of thyroid disorders. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of radioactive iodine (131I) on renal parameters, serum electrolytes and the correlation among TFT'S, creatinine, and chloride levels before and after I131 treatment in thyroid disorders. METHODS: The study was performed on 55 patients of thyrotoxicosis with age ranging from 16-65 years (mean age= 41±14years and BMI=24.8±4.46). The significance of the differences between the results of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd-time serum analysis was assessed by paired Student's t-test. Association between parameters was assessed by Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: 40 patients were taking Carbimazole, and 15 were directly recommended for I131 therapy. Strongly significant variations were observed for TFT'S (T3=0.012, T4 =0.017, and TSH=0. 001) during the follow-up treatment. Before taking I131 (Serum analyzed at 1st time), there observed negative correlation of T3(r=-.46, p=0. 002) and TSH (r=-0.31, p=0.02) with creatinine, and positive correlation of TSH(r=0.29,p=0.02) with chloride. BMI was negatively correlated with potassium(r=-0.30, p=0.02). At the 2nd time (after stopping the Carbimazole), no correlation results were observed. Two months after oral administration of 131I, creatinine, and chloride level was significantly increased (p=0.000), (P=0. 03) respectively, but had no correlation with TFT'S. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that patients with goiter (diffused or toxic) have association of TFT'S and BMI with serum electrolytes and creatinine, 131I therapy is also associated with the increase in creatinine and chloride levels of patients leading to kidney problems.

Evans Syndrome and pregnancy: A case report with literature review.

Evans syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease in which an individual's antibodies attacks the body's own red blood cells and platelets.1 There is a coexistence of Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) with Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) and both of these events may occur simultaneously or one follows the other. 2 Association of Evans syndrome with pregnancy is very rare, and only a few cases have been published in medical literature. No definite treatment protocols are defined. Treatment options during pregnancy are further limited due to concerns of teratogenic effect of pharmacological agents. 3 Evans syndrome can be diagnosed with a full blood count film and a Coombs test. We describe here a rare case that was diagnosed as Evans syndrome during pregnancy that resulted in birth of stillborn twins after the case became complicated with the onset of Eclampsia. We have also briefly discussed the pathophysiology, the possible treatment options during pregnancy and prenatal outcome of Evans syndrome. This case was presented in June 2015 at the outpatient department of Obstetrics & Gynecology in Nishtar Medical College and Hospital, Multan.

Evaluation of di-potassium and tri-potassium EDTA evacuated tubes for routine haematological testing.

BACKGROUND: The influence of blood collection devices on laboratory tests is often overlooked. We have discussed here how blood collection materials and devices can alter haematological test results, with an emphasis on blood collection tube (BCT) additives. We have compared K2 & K3-EDTA vacuum tubes of same manufacturer IMPROVACUTER ® for CBC analysis. METHODS: Blood was collected in both tubes simultaneously. Samples were analysed immediately after collection (<15 minutes) and after 4 hours by MEK-6318J/K Haematology Analyzer. Paired student's t-test was applied for statistical analysis. Significant differences among results and biases were compared with current quality specifications. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in Neutrophyls (GR) and mean platelets volume (MPV) when compared. K2-EDTA vs K3-EDTA(1st time) after< 15 minutes of sample collection, for Monocytes counts (MO), MCV, MPV, and RDW when comparing K2-EDTA (first time) vs K2-EDTA(second time, after 4 hours); and for Monocytes counts (MO), MCV, MPV, PCT, and RDW when comparing K3-EDTA(1st time) vs K3-EDTA(2nd time) in order to check the stability and reproducibility of vacutainers. CONCLUSIONS: This study assesses the use of K2& K3-EDTA vacuum tubes whether or not they represent a bias in haematological testing (CBC). The use of K2-EDTA and K3-EDTA vacuum tubes represent a clinically relevant source of variation for MCV, MPV, RDW, and PCT.