Trends in mortality and life lost due to drowning in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021 / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the mortality and years of life lost due to drowning in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, so as to provide insights into drowning prevention and control.@*Methods@#The mortality surveillance data on drowning in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021 were collected from the Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information Management System. The crude mortality and standardized mortality of drowning by the 2010 population census data in 2010, years of potential life lost (YPLL) and working years of potential life lost (WYPLL) due to drowning were calculated. In addition, the annual percent change (APC) was used to analyze the trends in drowning mortality and the rate of YPLL and WYPLL in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021.@*Results@# A total of 1 681 deaths occurred due to drowning in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, accounting for 9.11% of total injury deaths. The overall mortality and standardized mortality of drowning were 6.35/105 and 4.70/105, respectively, and mortality and standardized mortality of drowning were 6.95/105 and 5.44/105 in men and 5.76/105 and 3.98/105 in women, respectively. The highest mortality of drowning was found in residents at ages of 65 years and older (16.04/105 to 27.02/105), followed by in residents at ages of less than 5 years (2.54/105 to 16.37/105). The overall mortality of drowning was 5.29/105 to 7.21/105 among residents in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, and no significant change tendency was seen (APC=-2.18%, t=-2.085, P=0.071). The standardized mortality of drowning reduced from 6.10/105 to 3.69/105 (APC=-4.88%, t=-4.215, P=0.003). In addition, the YPLL and rate of YPLL, and WYPLL and the rate of WYPLL due to drowning mortality were 22 620.50 person-years, 0.10%, 17 956.50 person-years and 0.08% in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, respectively, and the rates of YPLL (APC=-6.95%, t=-3.203, P=0.016) and WYPLL (APC=-7.60%, t=-3.126, P=0.014) both appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2012 to 2021. @*Conclusions@#The standardized mortality of drowning and rate of YPLL appeared a tendency towards a decline among residents living in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, and residents at ages of 65 years and older and less than 5 years are high-risk populations for management of drowning mortality.

Trends in mortality of injury among the elderly in Huzhou City from 2010 to 2020 / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the trends in mortality of injury among elderly populations at ages of 60 years and greater in Huzhou City from 2010 to 2020, so as to provide the evidence for proposing preventive and control interventions of injury among the elderly.@*Methods @#The death of injury among registered residents at ages of 60 years and older in Huzhou City from 2010 to 2020 were collected from Zhejiang Provincial Information Management System for Chronic Disease Surveillance. The mortality and main causes of injury were descriptively analyzed among the elderly, and the trends in mortality were analyzed using annual percent change ( APC ).@*Results@#Totally 13 360 deaths occurred due to injury among elderly populations in Huzhou City from 2010 to 2020, and the mortality of injury appeared a tendency towards a rise with years ( APC=3.87%, P<0.05 ). The annual mean mortality and standardized mortality of injury were 199.89/105 and 192.68/105 among elderly populations in Huzhou City from 2010 to 2020. The overall mortality of injury was higher in men than in women during the period from 2010 to 2017, and higher mortality was seen in women than in men in 2020 ( P<0.05 ). The injury mortality in men and in women, and the overall mortality of injury all appeared a tendency towards a rise with ages ( P<0.05 ). The five most common causes of injury included fall ( 82.89/105 ), motor vehicle traffic accidents ( 26.45/105 ), suicide ( 18.52/105 ), drowning ( 16.88/105 ) and shipping accidents except motor vehicle ( 13.77/105 ), which accounted for 79.30% of all deaths due to injury. The mortality of fall in women ( APC=8.87%, P<0.05 ) and the overall mortality of fall ( APC=10.63%, P<0.05 ) both appeared a tendency towards a rise with years.@*Conclusion@#The mortality of injury appeared a tendency towards a rise and increased with ages among the elderly in Huzhou City from 2010 to 2020. Fall is the leading cause of death due to injury among the elderly.

Establishment of evaluation index system for health education of hand, foot and mouth disease in nursery children by Delphi method / 预防医学

Objective@#To establish an evaluation index system for health education of hand,foot and mouth disease（HFMD）in nursery children by Delphi method. @*Methods@#After referring to the relevant literature,an initial health education index system for HFMD of nursery children was established,including four first-level indicators,twelve second-level indicators and forty-six third-level indicators. Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted according to Delphi method. The enthusiasm of experts was evaluated by response rate,and the authority of experts was evaluated by authority and variation coefficient. The consultation questionnaire in the second round was based on the results of the first round and was scored again in the same way. Then the evaluation index system of HFMD health education for nursery children was finally determined.@*Results@#Thirteen experts participated in two rounds of consultation,including four aged 40-49 years and nine aged 50-59 years;two of deputy senior title and eleven of senior title;one worked in the health administration department,six in the CDC,five in health education institutions and one in kindergarten. The two rounds of expert consultation were carried out effectively within the time set and the response rate reached 100%. In the first round,the judgment coefficient,familiarity coefficient and authority coefficient were 0.92±0.06,0.85±0.12 and 0.88±0.06,respectively. One first-level indicator,two second-level indicators and twelve third-level indicators were added,seven third-level indicators were deleted,and the contents of one second-level indicator and ten third-level indicators were improved in the first round. In the second round,the judgment coefficient,familiarity coefficient and authority coefficient were 0.95±0.07,0.88±0.10 and 0.91±0.06,respectively. The coordination coefficients of the first-,second- and third-level indicators in the second round were 0.170,0.166 and 0.283,respectively,and the coefficients of variation were all less than 0.25. After two rounds of discussion,five first-level indicators,fourteen second-level indicators and fifty-two third-level indicators were finally established as the evaluation index system of HFMD health education for nursery children. @*Conclusion@#The evaluation index system of HFMD health education for nursery children established by Delphi method has high authority and practicability,and it can be used to comprehensively evaluate the effects of HFMD health education on nursery children.

Effect of calcitriol combined with Kuntai capsule on serum monocyte chemotactic factor -1 and leptin and pregnancy rate of prognosis in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the application effect of calcitriol combined with Kuntai capsule in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods Ninety-seven cases with polycystic ovary syndrome were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into two groups, 48 cases in the control group were given clomifene citrate capsules, and 49 cases in the observation group were treated with calcitriol combined with Kuntai capsule on the basis of the control group. The treatment effect,endometrial thickness,number of mature follicles,cervical mucus score and sex hormones (luteinizing hormone (LH),androgen,testosterone (T),follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),estradiol (E2)) before and after the treatment,the serum monocyte chemotactic factor -1 (MCP-1) and Leptin level of the two groups were observed and compared. And the rate of pregnancy and the incidence of adverse reactions were recorded. Results The total efficiency of the observation group was 95.92%(47/49),higher than that of the control group (79.17%(38/48))(χ2 ＝6.277,P＝0.012).The endometrial thickness,the number of mature follicles and the cervical mucus score of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(t＝4. 978,7. 175,7. 387,P＜0. 05). After 3 months,the serum levels of T,FSH,LH,MCP-1 and Leptin in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the serum E2 level was higher than in the control group(P＜0. 05). The pregnancy rate of the observation group the was 69. 39%( 34/49 ), higher than that of the control group ( 47. 92%( 23/48 )), the difference was statistically significant (χ2＝4. 613,P＝0. 032). The incidence of adverse reactions was 12. 24%(6/49) in the observation group and 8. 33%(4/48) in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0. 05). Conclusion Calcitriol combined with Kuntai capsule can improve the serum MCP-1,Leptin levels and sex hormone levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome,and improve the prognosis of pregnancy rate. Besides,the effect is remarkable with high medication safety.

Effect of Tibet-medicine Ratanasampil on serum β-amyloid protein and inflamatory cytokine levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To study the effect of ratanasampil (RNSP) which is Traditional Tibetan Medicine on the levels of serum β-amyloid protein, interleukin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods One hundred AD patients were divided into two groups in randomized controlled study, including treatment group (RNSP 1 g/d) and control group (piracetam 2.4 g/d). The treatment lasted 12 weeks. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Alzheimer' s disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADLs) were taken to evaluate the efficacy. Serum levels of amyloid peptides (Aβ40 and Aβ42 ) were measured by ELISA assay. The radioimmunologic assay was used to determine the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. Results The scores of MMSE, ADAS-cog and ADL significantly improved at 12 weeks after RNSP treatment (P＜0.01, 0.01, 0.05, respectively), while had no significant changes in piracetam group (P＜0.05).The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and Aβ42 were significantly lower in RNSP group than in Piracetam group (P＜0.01). There was a decrease trend of the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio at 12 weeks after RNSP treatment (P＜0. 05, P＜0.01 ). The serum Aβ42 level had strong correlations with TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-6. There were no significant differences in Aβ40 and IL-8 between RNSP group and piracetam group. No obvious drug side effect happened on the groups. Conclusions The reductions of serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels after RNSP treatment may lead to decrease of Aβ42 production in AD patients. RNSP may decrease the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and slow down the progress of AD. It may improve the learning and memory ability in treating patients with mild to moderate AD and is well tolerated and safe.

Anti-HBV constituents from Euphorbia fischeriana / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anti-HBV constituents in the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were isolated by various chromatographic methods and identified by spectroscopic analysis. Some compounds were tested for the anti-HBV activity.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as tirucalla-5,24-dien-3-ol (1), 24-methyltirucalla-5, 24-dien-3-ol (2), euphol (3), butyrospermol (4), 24-methylenecycloartenol (5), cycloartenol (6), jolkinolid E (7) helioscopinolide A (8), isoscopoletion (9), dephnoretin (10), and 3, 3'-di-O-methylellagic acid 4'-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (11).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1, 2 and 10 were isolated from the genus Euphorbia for the first time. Compounds 3, 4 and 11 were isolated from this species for the first time. Compounds 1, 8, 9 and 11 showed weak anti-HBsAg and anti-HBeAg activity, while compound 10 showed weak anti-HBsAg activity.</p>

Cardiovascular diseases in end-stage renal disease patients with peritoneal dialysis / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To elucidate the prevalence and risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), and to investigate the associated problems in treatment. Methods A total of 254 PD patients in our division were enrolled in this study. CVD history, laboratory measurements, examinations of carotid atherosclerosis and left ventricular hypertrophy by ultrasonography were collected and associated factors were analyzed. The median follow-up time was 49 months. Results The overall prevalence of CVD was 37% (93/254). Diabetes, longer dialysis duration, hypertfiglyceridemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoprealbuminemia were commonly found in the patients with new CVD event. The patients without pre-existing CVD had the higher Ccr, Kt/V, D/Pr, nPCR, serum albumin level. In those with pre-existing CVD, the hypertriglyceridemia and the duration of dialysis were independent predictors of progression of CVD. Differences of LAD, LVST, LVMI and IMT were significant between with and without pre-existing CVD groups. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the presence of CVD was the independent risk factor of survival. Alb<330 g/L, LAD>39.6 mm and peritonitis were risk factors of CVD. Conclusion The prevalence of CVD in PD patients is quite high. CVD history should be realized, dialysis adequacy should be maintained, and peritonitis should be prevented.

Package and Sterilization of Field Operation Materials / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To ensure the quality of field operation materials, and enhance rescue ability of medical corps in field condition. Methods Materials for package and sterilization were tested and selected for new way of package and sterilization instead of the traditional cotton. Results Sheet package was preserved in normal condition. Every month the microorgarism in sheet package was sampled. There were no bacteria in the operation items in the half-year sampling. So the period of validity was prolonged from one week to half year. Conclusion With the new package sterilization method, the work load of nurses is alleviated and the expenses on repeated sterilization due to short term of validity are also reduced. At the same time, operation infection rate and death rate are decreased so that the battle injury rescue level was raised.

Effect of Rheum emodi Wall on express level of TNF-?、IL-1? and IL-6 on acute ischemic stroke at high altitude / 中成药

AIM:To observe the effect of Rheum emodi Wall on expess level of TNF-?、IL-1? and IL-6 on acute ischemic stroke(ACI)at high altitude. METHODS: 65 patients aith ACI at high altitude(2 260 m)were randomly divided into treatment group(34) and control groups(31).both groups received danshen-safflower injection.Meanwhile treatment group took Rheum emodi decoction orally for 4 weeks,while control group doesn't.Serum levels of TNF-?、IL-1? and IL-6 were measured by radioimmumoassay. RESULTS: The treatment group showed much higher rates of improvement than control group(88.24%;70.97%)after weeks.Serum levels of TNF-?、IL-1? and IL-6 decreased significantly in patients with ACI at treatment group as compared with those of control group. CONCLUSION: Rheum emodi Wall can improve the nervous function of ACI by reducing TNF-?、IL-1? and IL-6 content in serun.