Valorization of Chicken Viscera as Natural Raw Material Source: Application to Hydrolysis of Fatty Esters for Sewage Treatment.

"Chicken viscera" constitutes very abundant domestic wastes interestingly investigated in the present paper. The efficiency of this crude slaughter co-product of high protein component, as biocatalyst, for the hydrolysis of fatty acid esters was reported and that, without any pre-treatment. The crude chicken intestine powder (CIP) has shown a high reactivity for the hydrolysis of fatty esters. Two biocatalyst preparations were independently explored for the bioresolution of sec-phenyl alkyl carbinol esters: the CIP preparation and the crude chicken intestine acetone powder CIAP preparation. The last one has shown good catalytic activity during the bio-hydrolysis in biphasic medium. Furthermore, the direct hydrolysis of milk fat using CIAP (500 mg) reveals the elimination of fats present in 50 ml of treated milk. These results open up very interesting prospects for the use of this biowaste for the treatment of milk fat.

Easy preparation of enantiomerically enriched heteroaromatic alcohols through lipase-catalyzed acylation with succinic anhydride under unconventional activation.

This study reports the lipase-catalyzed resolution of heteroaromatic secondary alcohols by succinic anhydride under different activation conditions by convenient procedure with succinic anhydride. The effects of succinic anhydride and the nature of the heteroatom are discussed in standard conditions in the kinetic resolution with lipases. The results recorded under microwave activation and ultrasonication is compared. (R)-4-chromanol was obtained in optically pure form (ee > 99%) with a high selectivity E > 200 by Pseudomonas cepacia lipase (PCL) in diethyl ether, using microwave radiation and under ultrasonication. The reaction time is reduced compared to the conventional heating with a better control of the selectivity of the lipase PCL. A significant effect of the nature of the heteroatoms on the reactivity and selectivity of the lipase with succinic anhydride has been disclosed, regardless the conditions of activation. This method proved to be clean, fast, interesting alternative, and facilitates the use of a cyclic anhydride, by microwave or ultrasound especially with secondary alcohols. The process is a valuable prerequisite for the preparative scale production of enantiomerically heteroaromatic alcohols in sustainable chemistry.