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1.
Rev Med Liege ; 77(10): 557-564, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36226391

RESUMO

Sudden cardiac death affects close to half a million people a year in Europe and accounts for 50 % of cardiovascular deaths. Unfortunately, only a minority of these events occur in front of witnesses, which reduces the chances of survival. In order to limit this risk, an internal automatic defibrillator can be implanted in patients at risk of sudden cardiac death. However, there are circumstances when the patient is at risk of sudden cardiac death and this device cannot be implanted. In order to limit this risk, certain patients can be equipped with a wearable defibrillator.


: La mort subite frappe près d'un demi-million d'individus par an en Europe et représente 50 % des décès d'origine cardiovasculaire. Elle est malheureusement souvent le premier événement cardiovasculaire et les chances de survie des patients dépendent alors d'une réanimation précoce. Certains patients ont cependant pu être identifiés comme à haut risque de mort subite et peuvent être protégés par l'implantation d'un défibrillateur automatique implantable. Toutefois, il existe des circonstances transitoires au cours desquelles un défibrillateur automatique ne peut être implanté. Certains patients peuvent alors être équipés d'un gilet défibrillateur portable qui permet de les protéger, avec un taux de cardioversion d'arythmie ventriculaire maligne proche de 100 % et un faible taux de chocs inappropriés.


Assuntos
Desfibriladores Implantáveis , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Desfibriladores Implantáveis/efeitos adversos , Cardioversão Elétrica , Eletrocardiografia , Humanos
2.
Rev Med Liege ; 77(10): 593-602, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36226396

RESUMO

Heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a serious condition with a constantly increasing prevalence which is in correlation with the increase of this disease's risk factors incidence (obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes, etc.) and the aging of the population. The first challenge is the diagnosis of HFpEF. Two score-based algorithms have been proposed by the European (ESC HFA-PEFF score) and the American (ACC/AHA H2FpEF score) Cardiology Societies to help the clinician in the differential diagnosis of exertional dyspnea; these scores include the association of various signs of elevated ventricular filling pressures at rest and/or during exercise. According to the ESC recommendations, the management of HFpEF is currently based on symptomatic treatment with diuretics, treatment of co-morbidities and treatment of the underlying etiology if it is identified at the end of the diagnostic approach. The prognosis of this disease is pejorative because no treatment had demonstrated its effectiveness for all HFpEF phenotypes in controlled studies until now. The management algorithm could change soon due to the publication of the EMPEROR-Preserved study, which demonstrated the efficacy of empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, concerning a significant reduction of the mortality rate and cardiac hospitalization, regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction. That said, there are many ongoing studies in the field, and treatment prospects will likely be more targeted on the HFpEF phenotype in a near future, due to the heterogeneous nature of this clinical entity.


L'insuffisance cardiaque à fraction d'éjection du ventricule gauche préservée (HFpEF) est une affection grave dont l'incidence est en constante majoration en relation avec l'augmentation de la prévalence des facteurs de risque de la maladie (obésité, hypertension artérielle, diabète, ...) et du vieillissement de la population. La première difficulté est de poser le diagnostic d'HFpEF. Deux algorithmes basés sur des scores ont été proposés par les Sociétés Européenne (ESC HFA­PEFF score) et Américaine (ACC/AHA H2FpEF score) de Cardiologie afin d'aider le clinicien dans le diagnostic différentiel d'une dyspnée d'effort. Ces algorithmes recherchent l'association de différents signes d'élévation des pressions de remplissage ventriculaire gauche au repos et/ou à l'effort. La prise en charge de l'HFpEF selon les recommandations de la Société Européenne de Cardiologie (ESC) reste actuellement basée sur le traitement symptomatique par les diurétiques, le traitement des comorbidités, et sur le traitement de l'étiologie sous-jacente si elle est identifiée au terme de la mise au point diagnostique. Le pronostic de cette maladie est péjoratif puisque, jusqu'à présent, aucun traitement n'avait prouvé son efficacité pour tous les phénotypes d'HFpEF dans des études contrôlées. L'algorithme de prise en charge pourrait évoluer prochainement en raison de la publication de l'étude EMPEROR-Preserved qui a démontré l'efficacité de l'empagliflozine, un inhibiteur SGLT2, par une réduction significative du taux de mortalité et d'hospitalisation pour cause cardiaque, indépendamment de la fraction d'éjection du ventricule gauche. Cela dit, de nombreuses études sont en cours dans le domaine, et les perspectives de traitement seront probablement plus ciblées en fonction du phénotype d'HFpEF, car cette entité clinique présente un caractère hétérogène.


Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose , Diuréticos/uso terapêutico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/uso terapêutico , Volume Sistólico , Função Ventricular Esquerda
3.
Rev Med Liege ; 70(1): 17-21, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25902601

RESUMO

This article summarizes the role of imaging techniques for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, according to the European Society of Cardiology 2014 guidelines. In case of hemodynamic instability, bedside echocardiography is the most useful initial test. In case of hemodynamic stability, plasma D-dimers measurement represents the first step and computed tomographic angiography is the second line test, except if pulmonary embolism is likely; then, computed tomographic angiography is the first choice test. Otherwise, lung scintigraphy remains a valid option for patients with elevated D-dimers and a contraindication to computed tomography.


Assuntos
Angiografia/métodos , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Doença Aguda , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Europa (Continente) , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio/análise , Humanos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto
4.
Rev Med Liege ; 69(11): 594-9, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25796771

RESUMO

In recent years, several studies and new molecules have emerged in the field of pulmonary embolism. Initial patient management requires rapid assessment of clinical condition. In case of shock, a primary reperfusion approach is requi- red (i.e., pharmacological, surgical or percutaneous). In the other cases, the assessment of the risk of early mortality is needed and treatment with anticoagulant should be started. Very low risk patients can be discharged early. High-intermediate risk patients can sometimes benefit from a reperfusion approach. Individual risk stratification can be refined by the assessment of right ventricular function and biomarkers (troponin, B-type natriuretic peptide). The new anticoagulants can be used in this indication. For most patients, the duration of treatment is 3 months. In this article, we summarize the 2014 recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology for the management of pulmonary embolism.


Assuntos
Embolia Pulmonar/terapia , Embolectomia/métodos , Embolectomia/normas , Europa (Continente) , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Embolia Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Terapia Respiratória/métodos , Terapia Respiratória/normas , Terapia Trombolítica/métodos , Terapia Trombolítica/normas
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