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1.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 147(2): 293-301, 2013 May 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23524186

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl belongs to the Asteraceae family, popularly known as Japana. It is a perennial shrub native to Amazon rainforests of South America. Its leaves are used through infusions, decoctions, baths, and tea. It is largely used in Brazilian folk medicine as sedative, febrifuge, stimulant, tonic and anti-inflammatory. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study evaluated the putative effects of Eupatorium triplinerve on the central nervous system (CNS), including locomotor and anxiety activity, depression-like behavior, and antinociception and oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two-month-old male Wistar rats (n=7-10 rats/group) and Swiss male and female mice of the species Mus musculus (n=7-10 per group) were administered with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extracts of Eupatorium triplinerve (HEET). The behavioral assays included open-field (OF), elevated Plus-maze (EPM), and forced swimming tests (FS). The antinociceptive activity was verified using chemical (acetic acid and formalin) and thermal (hot plate) models of nociception. The oxidative stress levels were measured in rat blood samples after behavioral assays and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), nitric oxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in vivo. RESULTS: Oral pretreatment with HEET reduced the locomotion in OF test (200-800 mg/kg), increased central locomotion and open arms entries in the OF and EPM tests, respectively (600-800 mg/kg), and decreased the immobility time in the FS (200-800 mg/kg). It also reduced the writhing number evoked by acetic acid injection (200-800 mg/kg) and licking time in the first phase of the formalin test (400-800 mg/kg). In the oxidative stress assays, the extract decreased TEAC, Nitric Oxide and MDA levels in response to swimming stress induced in rats. CONCLUSIONS: These results were indicative for the first time that Eupatorium triplinerve exerted mild sedative, anxiolytic and antidepressive effects on the CNS. Antinociceptive effects not related to opioid system and antioxidant activity were also observed. These results support the ethnopharmacological use of Eupatorium triplinerve in popular medicine.


Assuntos
Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Eupatorium , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Animais , Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Formaldeído , Temperatura Alta , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/sangue , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/etiologia , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta , Caules de Planta , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda
2.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 143(2): 604-10, 2012 Sep 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22890225

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Petiveria alliacea (Phytolaccaceae) is a perennial shrub indigenous to the Amazon Rainforest and tropical areas of Central and South America, the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa. In folk medicine, Petiveria alliacea has a broad range of therapeutic properties; however, it is also associated with toxic effects. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study evaluated the putative effects of Petiveria alliacea on the central nervous system, including locomotor activity, anxiety, depression-like behavior, and memory, and oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two-month-old male and female Wistar rats (n=7-10 rats/group) were administered with 900 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extracts of Petiveria alliacea L. The behavioral assays included open-field, forced swimming, and elevated T-maze tests. The oxidative stress levels were measured in rat blood samples after behavioral assays and methemoglobin levels were measured in vitro. RESULTS: Consistent with previous reports, Petiveria alliacea increased locomotor activity. It also exerted previously unreported anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in behavioral tests. In the oxidative stress assays, the Petiveria alliacea extract decreased Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity levels and increased methemoglobin levels, which was related to the toxic effects. CONCLUSIONS: The Petiveria alliacea extract exerted motor stimulatory and anxiolytic effects in the OF test, antidepressant effects in the FS test, and elicited memory improvement in ETM. Furthermore, the Petiveria alliacea extract also exerted pro-oxidant effects in vitro and in vivo, inhibiting the antioxidant status and increasing MetHb levels in human plasma, respectively.


Assuntos
Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Phytolaccaceae , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Animais , Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Ansiolíticos/toxicidade , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Antidepressivos/toxicidade , Ansiedade/metabolismo , Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Depressão/metabolismo , Depressão/fisiopatologia , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Metemoglobina/análise , Camundongos , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Nitratos/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo
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