Development and Evaluation of Nutritional and Quality Standard of Beef Burger Supplemented with Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) Seed Flour.

The composition of pumpkin seeds includes bioactive compounds, proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietary fibers. Thus, the objective of this research was to develop and evaluate the nutritional and quality standard of beef burgers supplemented with pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita moschata) added in different proportions. To process the pumpkin seed flour (PSF), the seeds were sanitized, dried in an oven, crushed, and sieved. Through such means, three formulations of beef burgers were prepared, named S (without the addition of PSF), F5 (with the addition of 5% (w/w) of PSF), and F10 (with the addition of 10% (w/w) of PSF). The respective results for burgers P, F5, and F10 were as follows (w/w): proteins 17.61%, 18.04%, 19.86%; lipids 12.19%, 12.42%, 14.55%; ash 1.77%, 1.86%, 1.94%; fibers 0%, 0.88%, 1.76%; phenolic compounds 39.55, 82.93, 90.30 (mg/g); and total antioxidant capacity 11.09%, 18.48%, 24.45%. Regarding the sensory analysis attributes, tasters gave sample F10 scores lower than 7. However, the standard and F5 samples showed results higher than 7 for all parameters. For the determination of shelf life, an expiration date of 30 days was established. It was observed that adding PSF to industrialized products adds nutritional value with the inclusion of polyunsaturated fats, phenolic compounds, and dietary fibers.

Essential Oils in Nellore Beef Cattle: In Vivo Impact on Rumen Emissions.

Essential oils (EOs), as rumen additives, decreased CH4 emissions in in vitro trials but results from in vivo studies are still limited. We investigated the effects of Origanum vulgare (OEO) and Thymus vulgaris (TEO) EOs on in vivo methane emissions from Nellore beef cattle. Six adult rumen-cannulated Nellore cattle were used in a double 3 × 3 Latin square design. Treatments consisted of three diets containing either 3 mL OEO per kg of concentrate, 3 mL TEO/kg of concentrate, or no EO addition. The experimental period consisted of three 21 d feeding periods and methane production was measured using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) technique from Day 16 to Day 21 of each feeding period. Intake, total apparent digestibility (dry matter as well as neutral and acid detergent fiber), and rumen parameters (pH, ammoniacal nitrogen concentration, and short-chain fatty acids) were also evaluated. The EOs did not decrease CH4 emissions and had no effect on rumen parameters.

Whole-exome identifies germline variants in families with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) (OMIM #107650) is characterized by complete or partial obstruction of the upper airways, resulting in periods of sleep associated apnea. OSAS increases morbidity and mortality risk from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. While heritability of OSAS is estimated at ∼40%, the precise underlying genes remain elusive. Brazilian families with OSAS that follows as seemingly autosomal dominant inheritance pattern were recruited. Methods: The study included nine individuals from two Brazilian families displaying a seemingly autosomal dominant inheritance pattern of OSAS. Whole exome sequencing of germline DNA were analyzed using Mendel, MD software. Variants selected were analyzed using Varstation® with subsequent analyses that included validation by Sanger sequencing, pathogenic score assessment by ACMG criteria, co-segregation analyses (when possible) allele frequency, tissue expression patterns, pathway analyses, effect on protein folding modeling using Swiss-Model and RaptorX. Results: Two families (six affected patients and three unaffected controls) were analyzed. A comprehensive multistep analysis yielded variants in COX20 (rs946982087) (family A), PTPDC1 (rs61743388) and TMOD4 (rs141507115) (family B) that seemed to be strong candidate genes for being OSAS associated genes in these families. Conclusion: Sequence variants in COX20, PTPDC1 and TMOD4 seemingly are associated with OSAS phenotype in these families. Further studies in more, ethnically diverse families and non-familial OSAS cases are needed to better define the role of these variants as contributors to OSAS phenotype.

The Influence of Community Feeders and Commercial Food Outlets on the Spatial Distribution of Free-Roaming Dogs-A Photographic Capture and Recapture Study.

Understanding the distribution of dogs in the environment is relevant for establishing human and animal health actions. In the present study, we analyzed the influence of community feeders and commercial food outlets on the spatial distribution of free-roaming dogs in an urban area of a municipality in Southeast Brazil. The dogs were identified via photographic capture and recapture performed over five sampling efforts. The spatial densities of dogs were determined using the Kernel method. Spatial correlations between the distribution of free-roaming dogs and the locations of community feeders and commercial food outlets were analyzed using the K function. During the study, 1207 captures/recaptures were performed encompassing 554 dogs, the majority (62.6%) of which were males. Agglomerations of male and female dogs were observed in the areas where food was present. Positive spatial autocorrelations were detected between the distribution of dogs and food sources. The median distances between dogs and community feeders or commercial food outlets were 1.2 and 1.4 km, respectively, and the difference between these two was statistically significant. The presence of community feeders and food outlets demonstrates the influence of human activity, on the spatial distribution of free-roaming dogs. These results will be useful for developing strategies aimed at the improvement of animal welfare and the prevention of zoonoses.

Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de hanseníase em um estado do nordeste brasileiro de 2018 a 2022 / Epidemiological profile of the cases of leprosy in a state in the northeast of brazil from 2018 to 2022 / Perfil epidemiológico de los casos de hanseniasis en un estado del noreste de brasil de 2018 a 2022

A hanseníase é uma doença crônica, infectocontagiosa, de notificação compulsória e investigação obrigatória no Brasil, de evolução lenta, causada pelo bacilo Mycobacterium leprae que acomete predominantemente pele e nervos periféricos causando incapacidades funcionais permanentes de diversos graus, além de ser uma patologia ainda cercada por estigma e discriminação social. O objetivo do artigo consiste em avaliar o perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte entre 2018 a 2022, estado que ocupa, atualmente, o 3° lugar a nível nacional de registro geral de casos de hanseníase. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, retrospectivo e de abordagem quantitativa, com base em dados obtidos no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) e analisados com auxílio do software livre Jamovi 2.3.21 solid. O perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase no período de 2018 a 2022, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, apresentou predomínio pelo sexo feminino, acometendo adultos entre 50 a 69 anos de idade, com registro ignorado ou em branco no grau de escolaridade, predominando a forma multibacilar do tipo Virchowiana, causando grau 0 de incapacidade e a grande parte dos casos evoluindo para a cura. Portanto, faz-se relevante conhecer melhor o perfil epidemiológico e a realidade de cada município, visto que é uma patologia fortemente relacionada a condições econômicas, sociais e ambientais desfavoráveis passíveis de intervenção.

Leprosy is a chronic, contagious infectious disease, compulsorily notifiable and compulsory research in Brazil, of slow evolution, caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae that predominantly affects skin and peripheral nerves causing permanent functional impairments of various degrees, besides being a pathology still surrounded by stigma and social discrimination. The objective of the article is to evaluate the epidemiological profile of leprosy in the State of Rio Grande do Norte between 2018 and 2022, which currently occupies the 3rd place at the national level of general registration of cases of leprosy. This is an epidemiological, descriptive, retrospective and quantitative approach study, based on data obtained in the Department of Information Technology of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) and analyzed with the help of free software Jamovi 2.3.21 solid. The epidemiological profile of leprosy in the period from 2018 to 2022, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, showed predominance by the female sex, affecting adults between 50 and 69 years of age, with ignored or blank registration in the level of schooling, predominating the multibacillary form of the Virchowiana type, causing grade 0 disability and the great majority of cases evolving to cure. Therefore, it is important to know better the epidemiological profile and reality of each municipality, since it is a pathology strongly related to unfavorable economic, social and environmental conditions that can intervene.

La Hanseniasis es una enfermedad crónica, una enfermedad contagiosa, una notificación obligatoria e investigación obligatoria en Brasil, de evolución lenta, causada por el bacilo Mycobacterium leprae, que ataca predominantemente la piel y los nervios periféricos, causando discapacidades funcionales permanentes de diversos grados, además de ser una enfermedad aún rodeada de estigma y discriminación social. El propósito del artículo es evaluar el perfil epidemiológico de la lepra en el estado de Río Grande del Norte entre 2018 y 2022, un estado que actualmente ocupa el tercer lugar en el registro general nacional de casos de lepra. Se trata de un estudio de enfoque epidemiológico, descriptivo, retrospectivo y cuantitativo basado en datos obtenidos del Departamento de Datos del Sistema de Salud Pública (DATASUS) y analizado con la ayuda del software sólido Jamovi 2.3.21 libre. El perfil epidemiológico de la lepra en el período 2018-2022, en el estado de Rio Grande do Norte, mostró predominio del sexo femenino, atacando a adultos de 50 a 69 años, con un registro desconocido o en blanco en el grado de escolaridad, predominando en la forma multibacible del tipo Virchowiana, causando un grado de discapacidad y el gran número de casos. evolucionando hacia la curación. Por lo tanto, es importante conocer mejor el perfil epidemiológico y la realidad de cada municipio, ya que se trata de una enfermedad que está fuertemente relacionada con condiciones económicas, sociales y ambientales desfavorables que pueden ser intervenidas.

Perfil epidemiológico dos casos suspeitos de sarampo e rubéola notificados no SINAN, Brasil, 2007 a 2016 / Epidemiological profile of suspected cases of measles and rubella notified on SINAN, Brazil, 2007 to 2016

Descrever os casos suspeitos de sarampo e rubéola notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), Brasil, 2007 a 2016. Métodos: Os dados foram extraídos do Sinan, referentes aos anos de 2007 a 2016. As variáveis utilizadas foram os números de notificações de casos de sarampo e rubéola por regiões e ano, idade, sexo, hospitalização, estado gestacional, histórico vacinal, realização de bloqueio vacinal, coletas sorológicas (S1 e S2), sinais e sintomas, investigação adequada, critério de confirmação ou descarte e classificação final do caso. Resultados: Entre 2007 e 2016 houve 127.802 casos suspeitos de sarampo e rubéola notificados. Aproximadamente 92% dos casos foram investigados, a maioria em menores de cinco anos. Os sintomas mais frequentes foram tosse (40%) e coriza (38%). Como instrumento de vigilância foi coletado sangue para confirmação laboratorial em 87% das notificações. A maioria dos casos de sarampo ocorreu entre os anos de 2011 e 2015, relacionados a casos importados, totalizando 1.443 casos; para rubéola, 10.125 casos foram confirmados. Foram descartados 1,3% (1.698/127.802) e 5,1% (6.555/127.802) das notificações de sarampo e rubéola, respectivamente. Foram ignorados 9% (11.523/127.802) para sarampo e 49% (62.978/127.802) para rubéola. Conclusão: A vigilância dos casos de doenças exantemáticas permitiu demonstrar a situação dos casos de doenças exantemáticas circulantes no país como importante ferramenta de saúde pública. O grande número de casos descartados classificados como ignorados merece atenção, no sentido de melhorar o encerramento dos casos suspeitos notificados

To describe the suspected cases of measles and rubella notified in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan), Brazil, from 2007 to 2016. Methods: Data were extracted from Sinan referring to the years 2007 to 2016. The variables used were the number of notifications of measles and rubella cases by region and year, age, gender, hospitalization, gestational status, vaccination history, vaccination blockade, serological collections (S1 and S2), signs and symptoms, adequate investigation, confirmation criteria or disposal and final case classification. Results: Between 2007 and 2016, there were 127,802 suspected cases of measles and rubella reported. Approximately 92% of cases were investigated, mostly in children under five years of age. The most frequent symptoms were cough (40%) and runny nose (38%). As a surveillance tool, blood was collected for laboratory confirmation in 87% of notifications. Most Measles cases occurred between 2011 and 2015, related to imported cases, totaling 1,443 cases; for Rubella 10,125 cases were confirmed. 1.3% (1,698/127,802) and 5.1% (6,555/127,802) of measles and rubella notifications, respectively, were discarded. 9% (11,523/127,802) for measles and 49% (62,978/127,802) for rubella were ignored. Conclusion: Surveillance of cases of exanthematous diseases allowed demonstrating the situation of cases of exanthematous diseases circulating in the country as an important public health tool. The large number of discarded cases classified as ignored deserves attention, in order to improve the closing of notified suspected cases

Essential Oils as In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Manipulators to Mitigate Methane Emission by Beef Cattle Grazing Tropical Grasses.

There is increasing pressure to identify natural feed additives to mitigate methane emissions from livestock systems. Our objective was to investigate the effects of essential oils (EO) extracts star anise (Illicium verum), citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus), clove bud (Eugenia caryophyllus), staigeriana eucalyptus (Eucalyptus staigeriana), globulus eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), ginger (Zingiber officinale), ho wood (Cinnamomum camphora), melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia), oregano (Origanum vulgare) and white thyme (Thymus vulgaris) on in vitro methane emissions from four rumen-cannulated Nellore cattle grazing a tropical grass pasture as inoculum donors. The semi-automated gas production technique was used to assess total gas production, dry matter degradability, partitioning factor, ammoniacal nitrogen, short-chain fatty acids and methane production. All essential oils were tested in four doses (0, 50, 250 and 500 mg/L) in a randomized block design, arranged with four blocks, 10 treatments, four doses and two replicates. Within our study, oregano and white Thyme EO reduced net methane production at 250 mg/L, without affecting substrate degradation. Essential oils from oregano and white thyme have the potential to modify ruminal fermentation and suppress rumen methanogenesis without negative effects on feed digestibility, indicating promise as alternatives to ionophores for methane reduction in beef cattle.

'Rio Negro, We care'. Indigenous women, cosmopolitics and public health in the COVID-19 pandemic.

The purpose of this article is to understand the 'Rio Negro, We Care' campaign in its cosmopolitical implications for discussions of global health and human rights. This article is part of a collaborative process centred on the city of São Gabriel da Cachoeira and the Alto Rio Negro region of Brazil. This campaign was developed by the Department of Women of the Federation of Indigenous Organizations of Rio Negro (DMIRN/FOIRN) at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. It had significant effects on the pandemic experience in the region during 2020. The Brazilian responses to the COVID-19 pandemic highlight complex, intersectional and neocolonial processes, associated with what has been understood as the necropolitics led by the Brazilian federal government. At the same time, such responses shed light on the limitations of the biopolitical orientation of public and global health for the management of the pandemic. We seek to narrate a cosmopolitical intervention located 'in culture' as a counterpoint to this process. Our analysis highlights questions in the field of global and planetary health milestones, such as the conditions of legitimacy for cosmological knowledge and care technologies, or the ontological implications of the persistent biopolitical bias of mainstream public health interventions.

Bioprospection: in vitro antimicrobial potential of the leaf extract of mycorrhizal guava infected by Meloidogyne enterolobii on Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Guava (Psidium guajava L.), is adapted to tropical and subtropical climates, and, in addition to its nutritional value, has great medicinal potential. One of the medicinal effects is antibacterial, and this can be identified from the phytochemicals present in its various parts, especially the leaf, which contains flavonoids, phenols, and tannins, as well as phytocomposites with antibacterial action. Therefore, the interaction of this plant with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Meloidogyne enterolobii is a biotechnological resource that can increase the production of secondary metabolites so that the guava ethanolic extract is effective against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the inhibitory action of mycorrhizal guava leaf extract and Meloidogyne enterolobii on strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase. Guava seedlings from cuttings were inoculated with Acaulospora longula, and later with Meloidogyne enterolobii; the leaves were harvested at two maturation times of the plant and placed in an oven. Next, a leaf extract was prepared using ethanol as a solvent. The extract was tested in multidrug-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae carbapenemase from operative wounds using disc diffusion methodology. The plant-AMF-phytonematode interaction positively potentialize the inhibitory action of guava leaf ethanolic extract on multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.

Implementação do processo de enfermagem entre estudantes de Enfermagem em uma Unidade de Internação Cirúrgica / Implementation Of The Nursing Process Among Nursing Students In A Surgery Unit

Objetivo: Descrever o registro da aplicação do Processo de Enfermagem por estudantes em uma Unidade de Internação Cirúrgica, visando identificar as principais fragilidades na sua implementação. Métodos: Estudo explicativo, documental, descritivo de abordagem mista, no qual foram avaliados 60 prontuários registrados por estudantes de Enfermagem no Sistema TrakCare® e aplicado um questionário semiestruturado para verificar as fragilidades na implementação desse processo. Resultados: Apenas três das cinco etapas do Processo de Enfermagem foram registradas: Histórico, Diagnóstico e Prescrição de Enfermagem. As fragilidades identificadas para aplicação do Processo de Enfermagem pelos estudantes se relacionam a complexidade deste e a fatores organizacionais do processo de ensino e aprendizagem durante a graduação. Conclusão: É necessária a criação de estratégias que facilitem a vivência da aplicação do Processo de Enfermagem em sua totalidade, sobretudo por meio da elaboração conjunta de instrumentos e da aproximação precoce dos discentes com todas as etapas desta metodologia assistencial na formação profissional. (AU)

Objective: To describe the registration and application of the Nursing Process by students in a Surgical Inpatient Unit, aiming to identify the main weaknesses in its implementation. Methods: Explanatory, documentary, descriptive mixed approach study, in which evaluated 60 medical records registered by nursing students in the TrakCare® System were evaluated and a semi-structured questionnaire was applied to verify the weaknesses in the implementation of this process. Results: Only three of the five stages of Nursing Process were registered: Nursing History, Diagnosis and Prescription. The weaknesses identified for students' application of Nursing Process relate to its complexity and to the organizational factors of the teaching and learning process during graduation. Conclusion: It is necessary to create strategies that facilitate the experience of applying the Nursing Process in its entirety, mainly through the joint development of instruments and the early approach of students with all stages of this methodology of assistance in professional training. (AU)

Objetivo: Describir el registro de la aplicación del Proceso de Enfermería por parte de los estudiantes en una Unidad de Hospitalización Quirúrgica, con el objetivo de identificar las principales debilidades en su implementación. Métodos: Estudio explicativo, documental y descriptivo de enfoque mixto, em el que se evaluaron 60 registros médicos registrados por estudiantes de enfermería en el Sistema TrakCare® y se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado para verificar las debilidades in la implementación de este processo. Resultados: Solo se registraron tres de las cinco etapas del proceso de enfermería: historia, diagnóstico y prescripción de enfermería. Como debilidades identificadas para la aplicación en el Proceso de Enfermería, los estudiantes están relacionados con su complejidad y con los factores organizativos del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje durante la graduación. Conclusión: Es necesario crear estrategias que faciliten la experiencia de aplicar el Proceso de Enfermería en su totalidad, especialmente a través de la elaboración conjunta de instrumentos y el enfoque temprano de los estudiantes con todas las etapas de esta metodología de asistencia en la formación profesional. (AU)

Tannin as a natural rumen modifier to control methanogenesis in beef cattle in tropical systems: Friend or foe to biogas energy production?

The grazing of Zebu cattle in poor-quality tropical pastures during the dry season has an increased environmental impact and cost of production. The use of condensed tannins (CT) as a natural feed additive to modulate ruminal archaea can mitigate the methane emissions from cattle in tropical systems. We investigated the effects of CT on in vivo methane emissions and rumen microbiota ecology in beef cattle. Batch experiments were also conducted to evaluate the impact of dietary CT on the biogas production from beef cattle manure. Six adult rumen-cannulated Nellore cattle were used in a double 3 × 3 Latin square design. Treatments consisted of three diets containing either a 0%, 1.25% or 2.5% CT additive from Acacia mimosa extract. The experimental period consisted of 63 days, and methane production was measured using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) technique from Day 16 to 21 of each feeding period. Adding Acacia extract to the diets reduced daily methane emissions per animal. Methane suppression occurred more by reduction of intake than by the direct effect on methanogenic archaea. We verified that CT directly suppresses archaea rumen communities and increases total rumen bacteria. Our study indicates that CT benefit rumen Fibrobactersuccinogenes and Ruminoccous flavefaciens populations and have no negative effect on biogas production from cattle manure. Acacia extract as a feed additive has promising potential as part of an overall nutritional strategy to reduce the methanogenesis from Zebu beef cattle in tropical systems.

Prebiotic activity of monofloral honeys produced by stingless bees in the semi-arid region of Brazilian Northeastern toward Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-05 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12.

This study assessed the in vitro prebiotic effects of honeys from Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. (juazeiro; J) and Mimosa arenosa Willd Poir (jurema branca; JB) produced by native stingless bees, namely Melipona subnitida Ducke (jandaíra; J) and M. scutellaris Latrelle (uruçu; U), in the Brazilian Northeastern semi-arid region toward the probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-05 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12. Cells of the probiotic strains were enumerated over 48 h of cultivation in broths containing each honey (JJ, JU, JBJ or JBU) as a sole carbon source. The metabolic activities of probiotic strains in these media were assessed by measuring changes in pH values and sugars, organic acids and phenolics contents. All honeys (20 or 30 g/L) exerted growth promoting effects and displayed positive prebiotic activity scores (0.94-1.22) on tested probiotics. JJ showed the highest (p < 0.05) stimulatory effects on probiotics growth and prebiotic scores. At the end of the cultivation period, counts of L. acidophilus LA-05 and B. lactis BB-12 increased (p < 0.05) more than 2 log in broths regardless the monofloral honey added. The pH values and sugars contents decreased (p < 0.05), while the organic acids contents increased (p < 0.05) during cultivation of probiotics in broths containing JJ, JU, JBJ or JBU as carbon source. After 48 h of cultivation, contents of gallic, caftaric and caffeic acid, catechin and procyanidins (B1 and B2) decreased (p < 0.05) in media containing JJ, JU, JBJ or JBU despite of the inoculated probiotic. JJ honey presented overall the better stimulatory effects on the growth and metabolism of L. acidophilus LA-05 and B. lactis BB-12. These results showed for the first time the potential prebiotic properties of four monofloral honeys produced by stingless bees in the Brazilian Northeastern semi-arid region.

Decreased Cytokine Plasma Levels and Changes in T-Cell Activation Are Associated With Hemodynamic Improvement and Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Mitral Commissurotomy in Patients With Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis.

Mitral stenosis (MS) is a consequence of rheumatic heart disease that leads to heart failure requiring mechanical intervention. Percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PMC) is the treatment of choice for the intervention, and currently there are no soluble markers associated with hemodynamic improvement after PMC. This study aims to determine the changes in cytokine/chemokine plasma levels, as well as T cell activation after PMC, and to investigate their association with immediate hemodynamic improvement and clinical outcomes. Plasma samples from eighteen patients with well-defined MS who underwent PMC and 12 healthy controls were analyzed using BioPlex immunoassay. We observed that 16 out of the 27 (60%) molecules assessed were altered in patients' plasma pre-PMC as compared to control group. Of those, IL-1ß, IL-12, IL-6, IL-4, PDGF, and CCL11 showed significant decrease after PMC. Stratifying the patients according to adverse outcome after a 28-month median follow up, we detected a significant reduction of IL-1ß, IL-12, IL-6, IL-4, IFN-γ, CXCL-10, VEGF, FGF and PDGF post-PMC in patients without events, but not in those who presented adverse events during the follow-up. Patients with adverse outcomes had lower IL-10 pre-PMC, as compared to the ones without adverse events. In addition, the frequency of CD8+ activated memory cells was increased after PMC, while the frequency of CD4+ activated memory cells did not change. Our results show an association between the decrease of specific cytokines and changes in T cell activation with hemodynamic improvement post-PMC, as well as with long-term outcomes, suggesting their possible use as soluble markers for hemodynamic recovery after MS intervention.

Physical Training and Upper-Limb Strength of People With Paraplegia: A Systematic Review.

CONTEXT: Physical training improves the strength of upper limbs, contributing directly to the performance of activities of daily life, confirming one more time that the strengthened muscle is imperative for a rapid rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the scientific implications of the impact of physical training on the strength of the upper limbs of people with paraplegias. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The search strategy with truncations and Boolean operator was defined as: (spinal cord inju* OR traumatic myelopat* OR paraplegi*) AND (physical exercise OR strength training OR resisted training) AND (upper limb* OR arm OR armrest), for all of the databases. There were included experimental and quasi-experimental studies, published in the English language and with the complete text available, with at least 1 physical exercise that worked with the strength of the upper limbs. Two independent evaluators extracted from each article data on study characteristics (publishing year, country of origin, and study design), of the subjects (gender and age), and of the disability (level of lesion and cause). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Seven articles were included in the systematic revision. The procedure used the most for measuring the maximum strength was the 1-repetition maximum test, followed by the isokinetic dynamometer and Quantitative Muscle Testing System. Furthermore, the most commonly associated variables in the included studies were pain in the shoulder, cardiorespiratory capacity, and functionality, respectively. The results showed that all of the variables improved because of the training. CONCLUSIONS: The training improved the strength, the functionality, and reduced the pain in the shoulder of the people with paraplegia.

Molecular and immunohistochemical analyses of uveal melanoma patient cohort.

Uveal melanoma is a rare form of melanoma and the most frequent primary eye malignancy in adults. The major molecular alterations underlying uveal melanoma pathogenesis affect mainly the GNAQ, GNA11, SF3B1, and BAP1 genes. In this study, we somatically genotyped 31 Brazilian uveal melanomas for BRAF, GNA11, GNAQ, SF3B1, and BAP1 gene mutations and assessed BRCA2 and p53 protein expression. GNAQ and GNA11 mutations were detected in 60%, and SF3B1 mutation rate was 30%. p53 Immunostaining was markedly positive in 5/31, and 3/31 samples showed negative BRCA2 expression. This study supports the importance of these key genes in uveal melanoma tumorigenesis; p53 and BRCA pathways seem to play a role in a subset of patients, possibly heralding unfavorable prognosis.

Correlation of body composition parameters using different methods among Brazilian obese adults / Correlação de parâmetros de composição corporal utilizando diferentes métodos entre adultos obesos brasileiros

Abstract Data comparing anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absortiometry (DXA) parameters are somehow limited and conflicting. The objective of this study was to correlate anthropometric, BIA and DXA parameters among obese Brazilian adults with focus on the comparison with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) obtained from DXA and in the value of antropometric measurements. Fifty voluntary participants were enrolled. The Spearman correlation test was used to assess the correlation of VAT with anthropometric measurements, BIA and other DXA parameters. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate concordance between lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), %body fat (%BF) and %upper body fat (%UBF) obtained from BIA and DXA. Most were female (80%) and had an average body index mass (BMI) of 39.0 (± 6.4) kg/m2. The only anthropometric measurements showing a strong correlation with VAT were abdominal circumference (AC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), but just in females. There was a very good correlation for LM [ICC = 0.951 (CI = 0.913 - 0.972)], FM [ICC = 0.987 (CI = 0.977 - 0.993)], %BF [ICC = 0.961 (CI = 0.931-0.978)], and %UBF [ICC = 0.873 (CI = 0.776 - 0.928)], between data collected through BIA and DXA. Among the anthropometric measurements assessed, only AC and WHtR seems to estimate patients with abdominal fat distribution and higher VAT in females. DXA and BIA proved similar for the evaluation of LM, FM, %BF and %UBF, although DXA has the advantage of estimating VAT.

Resumo Dados comparando medidas antropométricas, análise de impedância bioelétrica (BIA) e parâmetros de absorciometria de raios-X de dupla energia (DXA) são de alguma forma limitados e conflitantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar parâmetros antropométricos de BIA e de DXA entre adultos obesos brasileiros, com foco na comparação com tecido adiposo visceral (TAV) obtido na DXA e no valor das medidas antropométricas. Cinquenta participantes voluntários foram inscritos. O teste de correlação de Spearman foi utilizado para avaliar a correlação do TAV com medidas antropométricas, da BIA e de outros parâmetros da DXA. O coeficiente de correlação intra-classe (ICC) foi usado para avaliar a concordância entre massa magra (MM), massa gorda (MG), % de gordura corporal (%GC) e % de gordura corporal na parte superior do corpo (%GSC) obtidos por BIA e DXA. A maioria era do sexo feminino (80%) e apresentava índice de massa corporal médio (IMC) de 39,0 (± 6,4) kg / m2. As únicas medidas antropométricas que mostraram uma forte correlação com o TAV foram a circunferência abdominal (CA) e a relação cintura / estatura (RCE), mas apenas no sexo feminino. Houve uma correlação muito boa para MM [ICC = 0,951 (IC = 0,913 - 0,972)], MG [ICC = 0,987 (IC = 0,977 - 0,993)], % GC [ICC = 0,961 (IC = 0,931-0,978)], e % GSC [ICC = 0,873 (IC = 0,776 - 0,928)], entre os dados coletados através de BIA e DXA. Dentre as medidas antropométricas avaliadas, apenas a CA e a RCE parecem estimar pacientes com distribuição de gordura abdominal e maior TAV no sexo feminino. A DXA e a BIA mostraram-se semelhantes para a avaliação de MM, MG,% GC e % GSC, embora a DXA tenha a vantagem de estimar o VAT.

Lifestyle and sleep patterns among people living with and without HIV/AIDS.

INTRODUCTION: Negative lifestyles affect the health and quality of sleep of those living with and without HIV/AIDS. METHODS: Individuals were divided into two groups based on whether or not they were living with HIV/AIDS. RESULTS: Among the 20 participants, 95% displayed a poor lifestyle, and both groups demonstrated low-quality sleep with significant differences between groups in the early sleep variables, total sleep time, and sleep patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Both groups demonstrated similar behavior with unsatisfactory lifestyles, poor sleep quality, and irregular sleep patterns.

Lifestyle and sleep patterns among people living with and without HIV/AIDS

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Negative lifestyles affect the health and quality of sleep of those living with and without HIV/AIDS. METHODS: Individuals were divided into two groups based on whether or not they were living with HIV/AIDS. RESULTS: Among the 20 participants, 95% displayed a poor lifestyle, and both groups demonstrated low-quality sleep with significant differences between groups in the early sleep variables, total sleep time, and sleep patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Both groups demonstrated similar behavior with unsatisfactory lifestyles, poor sleep quality, and irregular sleep patterns.

Co-occurrence of MEN1 p.Gly111fs and AIP p.Arg16His Variants in Familial MEN1 Phenotype.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare disorder mostly associated with germline MEN1 mutations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Genotyping of the MEN1, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) genes using Sanger sequencing was carried out in a family with MEN1 and the resulting germline variants genotyped in an additional 95 ethnically matched controls. RESULTS: A missense variant in AIP (p.Arg16His) gene and a truncating mutation (p.Gly111fs*8) in MEN1 gene were both detected in the proband and his father, showing limited co-segregation with phenotype. p.Arg16His AIP missense variant was detected in one control. CONCLUSION: There are conflicting data regarding the functional effects of AIP p.Arg16His and its role in disease development. We demonstrated the co-occurrence of p.Arg16His AIP missense variant in a patient with a bona fide MEN1 mutation. Our finding of p.Arg16His AIP in one of the 95 controls and its co-occurrence with MEN1 in a patient suggests that it is more likely that this variant is a rare polymorphism, unrelated to MEN1 pathogenesis.