Road safety assessment and risks prioritization using an integrated SWARA and MARCOS approach under spherical fuzzy environment.

There are a lot of elements that make road safety assessment situations unpredictable and hard to understand. This could put people's lives in danger, hurt the mental health of a society, and cause permanent financial and human losses. Due to the ambiguity and uncertainty of the risk assessment process, a multi-criteria decision-making technique for dealing with complex systems that involves choosing one of many options is an important strategy of assessing road safety. In this study, an integrated stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) with measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS) approach under a spherical fuzzy (SF) set was considered. Then, the proposed methodology was applied to develop the approach of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) for rural roads in Cosenza, southern Italy. Also, the results of modified FMEA by SF-SWARA-MARCOS were compared with the results of conventional FMEA. The risk score results demonstrated that the source of risk (human) plays a significant role in crashes compared to other sources of risk. The two risks, including landslides and floods, had the lowest values among the factors affecting rural road safety in Calabria, respectively. The correlation between scenario outcomes and main ranking orders in weight values was also investigated. This study was done in line with the goals of sustainable development and the goal of sustainable mobility, which was to find risks and lower the number of accidents on the road. As a result, it is thus essential to reconsider laws and measures necessary to reduce human risks on the regional road network of Calabria to improve road safety.

Barriers to circular economy implementation in designing of sustainable medical waste management systems using a new extended decision-making and FMEA models.

The idea of the circular economy (CE) has gained prominence in the policies of the European Union (EU), commerce, and academic studies. Basically, CE is capable of achieving the best value and resolving many of the systemic challenges in the society and commerce of a country, thus leading to sustainable development and preventing irreparable damage to the environment. Medical waste management has proved a daunting challenge with the increase in the global population and the demand for medical services. Fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making approaches try to cover the different and uncertain views of decision-makers (DMs). The present study suggests a novel strategy based on multi-objective optimization using the ratio analysis (MOORA) in the area of spherical fuzzy sets (SFSs) to counterbalance the disadvantages of the failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) method, such as the lack of weight assignment for risk factors and consideration of uncertainty. In the proposed method, first, the barriers are identified using the FMEA method, and the risk factors are given values. Then, the barriers identified using MOORA are prioritized in the spherical fuzzy (SF) area. The computational procedure of the proposed methodology is established through a case study of the barriers to circular economy implementation in designing sustainable medical waste management systems problems under an SF environment. The proposed approach was compared with IF-MOORA and was found that the results are more reliable using the proposed method, also the ranking in the MOORA method was compared with the TOPSIS method in terms of degree of correlation.