RESUMO
The contribution of the major technologically important microbial groups (ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing, phosphate-accumulating, foam-inducing, and anammox bacteria, as well as planctomycetes and methanogenic archaea) was characterized for the aeration tanks of the Moscow wastewater treatment facilities. FISH investigation revealed that aerobic sludges were eubacterial communities; the metabolically active archaea contributed insignificantly. Stage II nitrifying microorganisms and planctomycetes were significant constituents of the bacterial component of activated sludge, with Nitrobacter spp. being the dominant nitrifier. No metabolically active anammox bacteria were revealed in the sludge from aeration tanks. The sludge from the aeration tanks using different wastewater treatment technologies were found to differ in characteristics. Abundance of the nitrifying and phosphate-accumulating bacteria in the sludges generally correlated with microbial activity, in microcosms and with efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater. The highest microbial numbers and activity were found in the sludges of the tanks operating according to the technologies developed in the universities of Hanover and Cape Town. The activated sludge from the Novokur yanovo facilities, where abundant growth of filamentous bacteria resulted in foam formation, exhibited the lowest activity The group of foaming bacteria included Gordonia spp. and Acinetobacter spp., utilizing petroleum and motor oils, Sphaerotilus spp. utilizing unsaturated fatty acids, and Candidatus 'Microthrix parvicella'. Thus, the data on abundance and composition of metabolically active microorganisms obtained by FISH may be used for the technological control of wastewater treatment.
Assuntos
Bactérias , Esgotos/microbiologia , Águas Residuárias/microbiologia , Microbiologia da Água , Purificação da Água , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/metabolismo , MoscouAssuntos
Actinobacteria/classificação , Actinobacteria/metabolismo , Quitina/metabolismo , Proteobactérias/classificação , Proteobactérias/metabolismo , Microbiologia do Solo , Actinobacteria/genética , Actinobacteria/isolamento & purificação , Biodegradação Ambiental , Ecologia , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Proteobactérias/genética , Proteobactérias/isolamento & purificação , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , TemperaturaAssuntos
Fontes Termais/microbiologia , Metano/metabolismo , Methylococcaceae/genética , Consórcios Microbianos/fisiologia , Oxigenases/genética , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Temperatura Alta , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Methylococcaceae/classificação , Methylococcaceae/isolamento & purificação , Methylococcaceae/metabolismo , Oxigenases/análise , Oxigenases/metabolismo , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Federação Russa , Erupções VulcânicasAssuntos
Alphaproteobacteria/isolamento & purificação , Metano/metabolismo , Microbiologia do Solo , Árvores/microbiologia , Alphaproteobacteria/enzimologia , Alphaproteobacteria/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Sequência de Bases , Beijerinckiaceae/enzimologia , Beijerinckiaceae/genética , Beijerinckiaceae/isolamento & purificação , Bélgica , Membrana Celular/enzimologia , Genes Bacterianos , Methylocystaceae/enzimologia , Methylocystaceae/genética , Methylocystaceae/isolamento & purificação , Methylosinus/enzimologia , Methylosinus/genética , Methylosinus/isolamento & purificação , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Oxirredução , Oxigenases/genética , Oxigenases/metabolismo , Filogenia , RNA Bacteriano/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Federação RussaRESUMO
The possibility of feeding on green and newly fallen leaves of the small-leaved lime Tilia cordata was studied for the collembolans Protaphorura armata and Vertagopus pseudocinereus. Young leaves grown under sterile conditions and almost free of yeast fungi were established to be toxic to the collembolan V. pseudocinereus: feeding on them led to the death of the animals. Leaves grown under natural conditions were nontoxic: when used by the collembolans as feed, they provided for collembolan growth and fecundity. Feeding preferences of the collembolans in relation to the yeasts attributed to different ecomorphs-epiphytes, litter saprophytes, pedobionts, and saccharobionts-were studied. Of the 24 yeast strains isolated from plant green parts, litter, and soil and assigned to eight species, no strain was revealed that was not used by the collembolans. However, certain yeast strains were preferable for the collembolans. The population of the V. pseudocinereus collembolans feeding on the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis (nss 31-4) exceeded that grown on Cryptococcus terricola (2044) 1.5-fold. Thus, the collembolans have feeding preferences in relation to yeast fungi, as was shown earlier for mycelial micromycetes. The possible mechanisms of the feeding preferences of the collembolans in relation to yeasts are discussed.
