Social inequalities associated with COVID-19 case fatality rate in Fortaleza, Ceará state, Brazil, 2020. / Desigualdades sociais associadas com a letalidade por COVID-19 na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, 2020.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association among social and health inequalities, socioeconomic status, spatial segregation and Case Fatality Rate (CFR) due to COVID-19 in Fortaleza, the state capital of Ceará, Brazil. METHODS: This was an ecological study of confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19. The 119 neighborhoods of Fortaleza were used as units of analysis. Incidence, mortality and apparent CFR indicators due to COVID-19 were calculated between January 1 and June 8, 2020. Socioeconomic indicators were obtained from the 2010 Brazilian Demographic Census. Spatial analysis was performed and local and global Moran's indexes were calculated. RESULTS: There were 22,830 confirmed cases, 2,333 deaths and the apparent CFR was 12.7% (95% CI 11.6;13.9). Significant spatial autocorrelations between apparent CFR (I=0.35) and extreme poverty (I=0.51), overlapping in several neighborhoods of the city, were found. CONCLUSION: The apparent CFR due to COVID-19 is associated with the worst socioeconomic and health status, which shows the relationship between social inequalities and health outcomes in times of pandemic.

Desigualdades sociais associadas com a letalidade por COVID-19 na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, 2020 / Desigualdades sociales asociadas con la letalidad por COVID-19 en la ciudad de Fortaleza, estado de Ceará, Brasil, 2020 / Social inequalities associated with COVID-19 case fatality rate in Fortaleza, Ceará state, Brazil, 2020

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a associação entre as desigualdades sociais e sanitárias, condições socioeconômicas, segregação espacial e letalidade por COVID-19 em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Métodos Estudo ecológico de casos confirmados e óbitos por COVID-19, tendo como unidades de análise os 119 bairros de Fortaleza. Calcularam-se os indicadores de incidência, mortalidade e letalidade aparente por COVID-19, entre 1º de janeiro e 8 de junho de 2020. Indicadores socioeconômicos foram extraídos do Censo Demográfico do Brasil de 2010. Foi realizada análise espacial e calculados índice global e local de Moran. Resultados Foram encontrados 22.830 casos confirmados, 2.333 óbitos e uma letalidade aparente de 12,7% (IC95% 11,6;13,9). Observaram--se autocorrelações espaciais significativas para letalidade aparente (I=0,35) e extrema pobreza (I=0,51), sobrepostas em diversos bairros da cidade. Conclusão A letalidade aparente por COVID-19 está associada a piores condições socioeconômicas e de saúde, demonstrando a relação entre desigualdades sociais e desfechos de saúde em tempos de pandemia.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre las desigualdades sociales y sanitarias, condiciones socioeconómicas, segregación espacial y letalidad por COVID-19 en Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Métodos Estudio ecológico de casos y defunciones confirmadas por COVID-19, se utilizaron, como unidades de análisis, 119 barrios de Fortaleza. Se calcularon los indicadores de incidencia, mortalidad y letalidad aparente por COVID-19, entre el 1 de enero y el 8 de junio de 2020. Los indicadores socioeconómicos se extrajeron del Censo Demográfico de Brasil 2010. Se realizó un análisis espacial y calculados los índices Global y Local de Moran. Resultados Se encontraron 22.830 casos confirmados, 2.333 muertes y una letalidad aparente de 12,7 (IC95% 11,6;13,9). Se observaron autocorrelaciones espaciales significativas para letalidad aparente (I=0,35) y extrema pobreza (I=0,51) que se sobreponen en diversos barrios de la ciudad. Conclusión La letalidad por COVID-19 está asociada con peores condiciones socioeconómicas y sanitárias, demostrando la relación entre desigualdades sociales y los resultados de salud en tiempos de pandemia.

Abstract Objective To analyze the association among social and health inequalities, socioeconomic status, spatial segregation and Case Fatality Rate (CFR) due to COVID-19 in Fortaleza, the state capital of Ceará, Brazil. Methods This was an ecological study of confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19. The 119 neighborhoods of Fortaleza were used as units of analysis. Incidence, mortality and apparent CFR indicators due to COVID-19 were calculated between January 1 and June 8, 2020. Socioeconomic indicators were obtained from the 2010 Brazilian Demographic Census. Spatial analysis was performed and local and global Moran's indexes were calculated. Results There were 22,830 confirmed cases, 2,333 deaths and the apparent CFR was 12.7% (95% CI 11.6;13.9). Significant spatial autocorrelations between apparent CFR (I=0.35) and extreme poverty (I=0.51), overlapping in several neighborhoods of the city, were found. Conclusion The apparent CFR due to COVID-19 is associated with the worst socioeconomic and health status, which shows the relationship between social inequalities and health outcomes in times of pandemic.