Factors Associated With Late Prematurity in the University Hospital of Valle Cali, Colombia During 2013-2014.

Introduction: The birth rate of late premature babies has been increasing in recent years, composing now 75% of all premature births. This growing trend can be explained by different demographic transformations such as an increase in the demand for infertility treatments, older maternal age and the higher incidence of multiple pregnancies, cesarean sections, and labor induction. These premature babies contribute 30% to the global neonatal mortality rate. Objective: To identify the factors associated with late prematurity at the Hospital Universitario del Valle during the years 2013-2014. Methodology: Case and control design, 424 patients, 212 cases and 212 controls participated. Cases were defined as newborns with gestational age between 34 and 36 weeks and 6 days old. For the analysis, logistic regression models were developed and association forces (OR) were determined. Results: A univariate analysis shows that the proportion of teenage pregnant women corresponds to 22.64%. Bivariate analysis shows the maternal morbidity due to hypertensive disorders was 1.6 times higher (95% CI 1.06-2.63), the obstetric alterations in 2.9 times (CI of 95% 1.56-5.44), late preterm infants require more oxygen support 3.26 times (95% CI 1.76-6.03). After adjusting the model, it was found that late premature infants have a 3-fold probability of requiring some resuscitation maneuver (ORa 3.23 95% CI 2.09-4.99), birth is higher by cesarean section by 4.17 times (ORa 4.17 IC 95% 2.50-6.98), maternal morbidity was higher in 1.37 times (ORa 1.37 95% CI 1.14-1.65). The morbidity of the newborn was greater, close to the statistical significance for late premature infants in 1.26 times (ORa 1.26 95% CI 0.97-1.64). Conclusions: Late premature births in this study show a higher probability of developing morbidity, have a greater opportunity to be born by cesarean section, are products of mothers with morbidity (specifically hypertensive disorders), and require further resuscitation with a need of early obstetric intervention.

The cultural transmission of food habits, identity, and social cohesion: A case study in the rural zone of Cali-Colombia.

While the cooking-culture relationship is a biocultural phenomenon that gives meaning to gastronomic practices through signs and symbols shared within a community, in the 20th century, its transmission has been influenced by important processes of change, such as urban expansion and environmental pollution, which put the continuity of immaterial cultural patrimony at risk. These changes have altered the supply, conservation, and preparation of food and utensils, which are elements that demarcate the society-nature relationship and gender roles, among other things. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the role of the cultural transmission of food habits in identity formation and social cohesion, based upon an ethnographic case study in the Ancestral Community La Playa Renaciente, in Cali (Colombia). This study presents the cultural transmission of food habits, culinary practices, and their relationship with the inhabited environment. Likewise, this article presents a temporal-spatial contextualization of the locality and some oral testimonies that reveal how dietary practices constitute an important element in socialization, social cohesion, and the transmission of knowledge from generation to generation.

Orígenes fetales de la patología del adulto: la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino como factor de riesgo / Fetal origins of adult disease: intrauterine growth restriction as a risk factor

Antecedentes: Barker formuló la hipótesis que la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) representaba un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades durante la vida adulta. Objetivo: Conocer la existencia de alguna relación entre las enfermedades cardiovasculares y enfermedades endocrinas del adulto con el antecedente de RCIU mediante la revisión de estudios publicados de enero de 1990 a diciembre de 2013. Método: Se efectuó una revisión de la literatura existente en las bases de datos PubMed, MEDLINE, ProQuest y Ebsco. Se incluyeron investigaciones en español, inglés o portugués. Resultados: Se incluyeron siete investigaciones uno de casos y controles y seis de cohortes. Para diabetes dos de tres estudios mostraron una asociación significativa (RR=2,10; IC95 por ciento 1,29-3,41; RR=1,43 IC 95 por ciento 0,53-3,87; HR=1,64; IC 95 por ciento 1,26-2,14). Para hipertensión, dos no observaron relación estadísticamente significativa (RR=0,95; IC 95 por ciento 0,81-1,11 y RR=1,03; IC 95 por ciento 0,71-1,49). Para enfermedad coronaria uno mostró asociación significativa (HR=1,9; IC 95 por ciento 1,0-3,8). Para obesidad, un estudio no observó relación (Hombres, RR=1,07; IC 95 por ciento 0,63-2,29 y mujeres RR=1,07; IC 95 por ciento 0,53-2,14). Para síndrome metabólico un estudio observó asociación significativa (RR=1,29; IC 95 por ciento 1,00-1,68). Conclusiones: RCIU muestra una relación inconsistente con enfermedades adultas en estudios observaciones que implican seguimiento. Se necesitan estudios longitudinales que corroboren la asociación entre RCIU y enfermedades en la vida adulta observada en algunos análisis previos.

Background: Barker hypothesized that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) represents a risk factor for developing diseases during adulthood. Objective: To determine the relationship between IUGR and cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in adults reviewing studies published between January 1990 and December 2013. Method: A review of the literature in PubMed, MEDLINE, ProQuest and Ebsco database. Papers in Spanish, English or Portuguese were included. Results: Seven studies were included, one case-control and six cohort design. For diabetes two of three studies showed a significant association (RR=2.10, 95 percent CI 1.29-3.41; RR=1.43, 95 percent CI 0.53-3.87; HR=1.64, 95 percent CI 1.26-2.14) For hypertension, two found no statistically significant (RR=0.95, 95 percent CI 0.81-1.11 and RR=1.03, 95 percent CI 0.71-1.49). For coronary disease one showed significant association (HR=1.9, 95 percent CI 1.0 to 3.8). For obesity, a study found no relationship (men, RR=1.07, 95 percent CI 0.63-2.29; and women RR=1.07, 95 percent CI 0.53-2.14). For metabolic syndrome one study found significant association (RR=1.29, 95 percent CI 1.00-1.68). Conclusions: IUGR shows an inconsistent relationship with adult diseases in follow up observational researches. Longitudinal studies that corroborate the association between IUGR and adult diseases observed in some previous analyzes are needed.

Establecimiento de un protocolo de reproducción para la obtención de especímenes murinos embrionarios/fetales / Establishment of a Breeding Protocol for Obtaining Embryonic/Fetal Murine Specimens / Estabelecimento de um protocolo de reprodução para a obtenção de espécimes murinas embrionárias/fetais

La investigación científica utiliza modelos animales en situaciones experimentales en las que es controversial investigar con especímenes humanos; tal es el caso de la investigación con muestras embrionarias/fetales, donde se requieren estrictos protocolos reproductivos que posibiliten un cálculo preciso de la edad gestacional y con ello la obtención de muestras adecuadas. El ratón es el modelo de experimentación más utilizado, pues es de fácil manipulación y eficiencia reproductiva. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un protocolo de reproducción que permite determinar con certeza el día de preñez en biomodelo Mus musculus, para la obtención de especímenes embrionarios/fetales.

Scientific research uses animal models in experimental situations where it is controversial to research with human specimens; such is the case of research with embryonic/fetal samples, where strict reproductive protocols are required that enable the accurate calculation of gestational age and thus obtaining appropriate sampling. Mice are the most widely used experimental models, as they are easy to handle and are of reproductive efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to present a reproduction protocol that makes it possible to determine the day of pregnancy in Mus musculus biomodel with certainty, in order to obtain embryonic/fetal specimens.

A pesquisa científica utiliza modelos animais em situações experimentais onde é controverso pesquisar com espécimes humanos, tal é o caso da pesquisa com amostras embrionárias/ fetais, donde se requer de estritos protocolos reprodutivos que possibilitem um cálculo preciso da idade gestational e com isso a obtenção de amostras adequadas. O rato é o modelo de experimentação mais utilizado, pois é de fácil manipulação e eficiência reprodutiva. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um protocolo de reprodução que permite determinar com certeza o dia de prenhez em biomodelo Mus musculus, para a obtenção de espécimes embrionários/fetais.