Teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation using virtual reality: A randomized study.

BACKGROUND: The main functions of healthcare professionals include training and health education. In this sense, we must be able to incorporate new technologies and serious game to the teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation. METHODS: a multicenter, comparative and cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the learning of resuscitation of a group that was trained with the use of serious gaming with virtual reality, as compared to a control group trained with conventional classroom teaching. RESULTS: the mean quality obtained in chest compressions for the virtual reality group was 86.1 % (SD 9.3), and 74.8 % (SD 9.5) for the control group [mean difference 11.3 % (95 % CI 6.6-16.0), p < 0.001]. Salivary Alpha-Amylase was 218.882 (SD 177.621) IU/L for the virtual reality group and 155.190 (SD 116.746) IU/L for the control group [mean difference 63.691 (95 % CI 122.998-4.385), p = 0.037]. CONCLUSION: using virtual reality and serious games can improve the quality parameters of chest compressions as compared to traditional training.

Dietary anhydrous milk fat naturally enriched with conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid modify cardiovascular risk biomarkers in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Saturated and trans fatty acids have been associated with the risk to develop cardiovascular diseases. However, health-promoting effects are associated with consumption of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) and ruminant trans fatty acids, such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vaccenic acid (VA) contained in the lipid fraction of milk and dairy products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of AMF naturally enriched with CLA and VA in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), using sterculic oil to inhibit the conversion of VA into CLA. The administration of AMF to SHR during 7 weeks exerted beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk biomarkers (reduction of insulin, blood lipids, increase of adiponectin). When sterculic oil was included, some parameters were further ameliorated (reduction of insulin, increase of adiponectin). Sterculic oil alone reduced body weight and adiposity, and improved blood pressure, adiponectin and triglyceride levels.

Anxiolytic-like effects of human amniotic fluid and its fatty acids in Wistar rats.

Odors from amniotic fluid produce signs of calmness in mammals suggesting some anxiolytic-like properties. Experimental models, such as the defensive burying, elevated plus maze, and open field tests offer well-controlled approaches to the study of putative anxiolytic substances using rats. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we first identified eight fatty acids (lauric, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, elaidic, and linoleic acids) as consistently present in human amniotic fluid. We then used the defensive burying and elevated plus maze tests to compare the action of diazepam (2 mg/kg), fresh amniotic fluid, and a mixture of its fatty acids with two vehicles (i.e. propylene glycol and centrifuged amniotic fluid with a low fatty acid content). No significant differences in estradiol or progesterone content were found between fresh amniotic fluid and centrifuged amniotic fluid using the microparticle enzyme immunoassay. Compared with the vehicle, diazepam, fresh amniotic fluid, and the fatty acid mixture increased burying latency, reduced cumulative burying, and increased the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze in both sexes without altering general locomotor activity. We conclude that the fatty acids contained in human amniotic fluid exert anxiolytic-like effects, with minimal or no participation of female gonadal steroids.

Urine from stressed rats increases immobility in receptor rats forced to swim: role of 2-heptanone.

The present study was aimed to determine whether the urine from donor rats, which were physically stressed (UD-PS) by unavoidable electric footshocks, produces despair in receptor partner rats (RP) in the long-term. For each trial, an RP rat was placed during 10 min once per day for 21 days in a small non-movement-restricting cage impregnated with the urine collected from a UD-PS rat. Control rats, free of stimulation, maintained their locomotion and immobility scores at basal values throughout the 21-day test. After 21 days of stressing experience [F(2,90)=15.22, P<0.0001] locomotion significantly increased in RP rats (r=0.938, P<0.01), whereas in the UD-PS group locomotion decreased (r=-0.606, P<0.05). The RP and UD-PS groups displayed the longest time of immobility [F(2,90)=8.83, P<0.001] in the forced-swim test (RP, r=0.886, P<0.05; UD-PS, r=0.962, P<0.001) compared with the control group (r=-0.307, NS). We conclude that the RP became similarly despaired as the UD-PS group through the action of 2-heptanone, a ketonic compound identified in UD-PS urine by HS-GC/MS techniques. This ketone was found to be increased [F(2,15)=3.50, P<0.05] from the 1st day of unavoidable electric footshocks, and to induce despair, an effect reverted [F(2,21)=16.5, P<0.0001] by imipramine (5.0 mg/kg) in another group of rats.

Factores de mal pronóstico en la reparación del manguito rotador / Prediction data of poor outcome in shoulder surgery: rotator cuff injury

La patología y la cirugía del manguito rotador han experimentado en los últimos años un gran avance gracias a la artroscopia y a las técnicas de diagnóstico por la imagen que han colaborado así mismo en dicho avance. Sin embargo, no debemos olvidar que la anamnesis y la exploración física siguen siendo fundamentales. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo de revisión es detectar aquellos factores que pueden influir negativamente en la evolución del proceso desde la primera visita al paciente. También es valorada la información que aportan las pruebas complementarias para efectuar un planteamiento terapéutico y/o quirúrgico si procede

Objective: Looking for factors that can have negative influence in the evolution and treatment of the rotator cuff injuries of the shoulder. Material and method: We have done a review of different journal articles following the next parameters. Systemize clinical exploration, requested complementary explorations and a therapeutic planning. Results: The clinical exploration can detect data that indicates a bad evolution as restricted passive and active movement of the shoulder and a lost of strength of the external rotation of the limb. An early diagnose and treatment improve the results in the isolated ruptures of the rotator cuff. Associated instability with partial lessions of the rotator cuff on the joint side must be consider mainly in the young people. In the partial ruptures of the rotator cuff the subacromial decompression is not enough in the long term results. The rerupture of the rotator cuff is the most common complication of the rotator cuff repair

A single session of emotional stress produces anxiety in Wistar rats.

The sensorial stimulation arising from a physically stressed (PS) subject may produce emotional stress in a witnessing partner (WP). Both members of the pair develop functional changes. We tested changes in locomotor activity (crossing) and in the defensive burying test in WP, and PS adult male Wistar rats having been submitted to a single 10 min session in a two-compartment cage. During this session, the WP rats received auditory and olfactory stimulation coming from a PS pair submitted to unavoidable electric footshocks (1 mA, dc, 0.5s, 0.5c/s, 10 min). This experiment was replicated in other groups pre-treated with vehicle or diazepam, and their urine was collected and analyzed by the static Head-Space and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) techniques. The WP group displayed a significantly higher crossing [F((2,45))=4.31, P<0.01] and more cumulative burying time [F((2,22))=4.73, P<0.01] than the control or PS groups. Diazepam (1mg/kg) reverted these changes. Our results indicate that the conspecific sensorial communication coming from the PS group produces anxiety probably mediated by 2-heptanone, since the HS-GC/MS analyses showed the highest amount of 2-heptanone in the urine from the PS group [F((2,42))=5.17, P<0.009].

CP30, a cysteine proteinase involved in Trichomonas vaginalis cytoadherence.

We describe here the participation of a Trichomonas vaginalis 30-kDa proteinase (CP30) with affinity to the HeLa cell surface in attachment of this parasite to host epithelial cells. The CP30 band is a cysteine proteinase because its activity was inhibited by E-64, a thiol proteinase inhibitor. In two-dimensional substrate gel electrophoresis of total extracts of the trichomonad isolate CNCD 147, three spots with proteolytic activity were detected in the 30-kDa region, in the pI range from 4.5 to 5.5. Two of the spots (pI 4.5 and 5.0) bound to the surfaces of fixed HeLa cells corresponding to the CP30 band. The immunoglobulin G fraction of the rabbit anti-CP30 antiserum that recognized a 30-kDa band by Western blotting and immunoprecipitated CP30 specifically inhibited trichomonal cytoadherence to HeLa cell monolayers in a concentration-dependent manner and reacted with CP30 at the parasite surface. CP30 degraded proteins found on the female urogenital tract, including fibronectin, collagen IV, and hemoglobin. Interestingly, CP30 digested fibronectin and collagen IV only at pH levels between 4.5 and 5.0. Moreover, trichomonosis patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by in vitro culture possessed antibody to CP30 in both sera and vaginal washes, and CP30 activity was found in vaginal washes. Our results suggest that surface CP30 is a cysteine proteinase necessary for trichomonal adherence to human epithelial cells.

Lesions of the subscapular tendon regarding two cases in arthroscopic surgery.

Subscapularis tendon lesions in the shoulder are usually difficult to diagnose through clinical examination alone. Isolated subscapularis tendon lesions are infrequent, and most of these injuries are associated with biceps tendon pathology, rotator cuff tears, fractures to the tuberosities, or as a part of an instability complex of the shoulder. All of these other diagnoses over-shadow and complicate the diagnosis of the subscapularis tendon. Although magnetic resonance imaging is frequently effective in evaluating subscapularis tendon tears, arthroscopy is certainly more efficient and affords the additional benefit of allowing surgical treatment of the lesion. The authors present two clinical cases and an update of the literature concerning this unusual lesion.