Effect of Yellow Propolis on Biocompatibility of Cements: Morphological and Immunohistochemistry Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The focus of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of ionomer cements modified with ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) in different concentrations and time intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, one hundred and thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomized into nine groups: Control, Groups Meron, and Groups Ketac (conventional, and added with 10, 25, 50% EEP, respectively). Histological analyses of inflammatory infiltrate and collagen fibers, and immunohistochemistry of CD68+ for macrophages (MOs) and multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) were performed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (p < 0.05) tests. RESULTS: Intense inflammatory infiltrate was demonstrated in the cements with 10% EEP at 7 days and 15 days (p < 0.05), only Group Ketac 10% EEP (p = 0.01) at 30 days. A smaller quantity of collagen fibers was observed in the cements with 10% EEP (p = 0.01) at 7 days, and Group Meron 10% EEP (p = 0.04) at 15 days. MOs and MGCs showed significant difference for the cements with 10% EEP (p = 0.01) at 7 and 15 days. At 30 days, MOs persisted in the Groups with 10% EEP. CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of 10% EEP had the greatest influence on the inflammatory and tissue repair processes. The concentrations of 25 and 50% EEP demonstrated biocompatibility similar to that of cements that did not receive EEP.

In Vivo Biocompatibility, Mechanical, and Antibacterial Properties of Cements Modified with Propolis in Different Concentrations.

OBJECTIVES: The focus of this triple-blind randomized study was to evaluate the mechanical properties, antibacterial effect, and in vivo biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements (GICs) modified with ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: For biocompatibility tests, 135 male Wistar rats were used and divided into nine groups: Group C (control, polyethylene), Groups M, M10, M25, M50 (Meron; conventional, and modified with 10%, 25%, 50% EEP, respectively), Groups KC, KC10, KC25, KC50 (Ketac Cem; conventional, and modified with 10%, 25%, 50% EEP, respectively). The tissues were analyzed under an optical microscope for different cellular events in different time intervals. Shear bond strength test (SBST) on cementation of metal matrices (n = 10, per group), adhesive remnant index (ARI) in bovine incisors (n = 10, per group), and antibacterial properties by the agar diffusion test (n = 15, per group) were analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn, and one-way analysis of variance test followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.5). RESULTS: Morphological evaluation demonstrated intense inflammatory infiltrate in Groups M10 and KC10 in the time intervals of 7 (p = 0.001) and 15 (p = 0.006) days. Multinucleated giant cells were shown to be more present in Group M1, with statistical difference from Control and KC50 Groups in the time interval of 7 days (p = 0.033). The SBST showed no statistical significance among the groups (p > 0.05). Antibacterial property showed a statistically significant difference between Meron and Meron 50%-EEP Groups, and between Ketac and Ketac 50%-EPP Groups (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The intensity of histological changes resulting from the cements was shown to be inversely proportional to the concentration of propolis added; Ketac 50%-EPP was the concentration that had the most favorable biocompatibility results. Addition of EEP to GIC did not negatively change the SBST and ARI. Antibacterial property demonstrated a concentration-dependent effect.

Anteroposterior and Vertical Changes in Skeletal Class II Patients Treated With Modified Thurow Appliance

The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-treatment anteroposterior and vertical alterations in skeletal Class II malocclusion with different maxillary patterns in patients treated with modified Thurow appliance. Forty-five patients (22 girls and 23 boys) with skeletal Class II and angle SN.GoGn ≤ 35 and different maxillary patterns (n=15), as follows: retrusive (SNA<80°), normal (SNA=80°- 84°) or protrusive (SNA>84°) maxilla; mean age 9 years at pre-treatment (T1) and 9 years and 10 months at post-treatment (T2), were treated with modified Thurow cervical traction appliance, with expander screw and extraoral face bow with 10° to 20° fold in relation to the intraoral arch. Force of 500 gf was applied and use for 12 to 14 h/day, with fortnightly adjustments. Analysis of variance ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey and Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Mann-Whitney were used (α=5%). In changes obtained from stage T1 to T2, no statistically significant differences were found among the groups Protrusive, normal and retrusive maxilla for the variables SNB, SN.GoGn, 1.NA, overjet, overbite and Class II discrepancy (right and left) (p>0.05). Angular measurements SNA and ANB in the protrusive maxilla group were significantly greater than in the normal and retrusive maxilla groups (p<0.01). However, in the normal maxilla group these values did not differ significantly from those of the retrusive maxilla group (p>0.05). Within the limits of this study, it may be concluded that the modified Thurow cervical traction appliance was efficient for the correction of skeletal Class II irrespective of the maxillary pattern. The mandible had no significant rotation during treatment.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações verticais e ântero-posterior pós-tratamento da maloclusão Classe II esquelética com diferentes padrões maxilar de pacientes tratados com aparelho Thurow modificado. Quarenta e cinco pacientes (22 meninas e 23 meninos) com Classe II esquelética e ângulo SN.GoGn≤35 e diferente padrão maxilar (n=15),sendo: maxila retrusiva (SNA<80°), normal (SNA= 80°-84°) ou protrusiva (SNA>84°) e idade média de 9 anos no pré-tratamento (T1) e 9 anos e 10 meses no pós-tratamento (T2), foram tratados com aparelho Thurow modificado de tração cervical com parafuso expansor e arco facial externo com dobra de 10° a 20° em relação ao arco interno. Foi empregado a força de 500 gf e uso de 12 a 14 h/dia, com ajustes quinzenais. Análise de variância ANOVA seguido pelo teste post-hoc de Tukey e o teste de Kruskal-Wallis seguido por Mann-Whitney foram empregados (p<0.05). Nas mudanças obtidas da fase T1 para T2, não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos maxila protusiva, normal e retrusiva para as variáveis SNB, SN.GoGn, 1.NA, overjet, overbite e discrepância de classe II (direita e esquerda) (p>0.05). As medidas angulares SNA e ANB no grupo maxila protusiva foi significativamente maior do que nos grupos maxila normal e retrusiva (p<0.01). Entretanto, esses valores no grupo maxila normal não diferiram do grupo maxila retrusiva (p>0.05). Dentro dos limites do estudo, pode-se concluir que o aparelho de Thurow modificado de tração cervical foi eficiente na correção da Classe II esquelética independente do padrão maxilar. A mandíbula não teve rotação significativa durante o tratamento.