Development of a 166.6 MHz ß = 1 higher-order-mode-damped superconducting cavity.

The storage ring of the high energy photon source will be driven by five 166.6 MHz ß = 1 quarter-wave superconducting cavities operating at 4 K. A higher-order-mode-damped superconducting cavity was designed with excellent rf and mechanical properties based on the successful development of the proof-of-principle cavity. The mechanical design of the dressed cavity was focused on addressing stress safety throughout the processes, tunability, frequency detuning due to pressure fluctuation, and Lorentz force, among other factors. A new liquid helium vessel was designed along with a comprehensive stiffening scheme to mitigate the surging peak stress on the cavity resulting from the significantly unequal beam pipe size. In the first batch, three cavities were manufactured, and surface preparations were carefully conducted to eliminate defects and etching traces while ensuring cleanliness. The cavity's Q0 at the design voltage of 1.5 MV reached 3.8 × 109 at 4 K, comfortably surpassing the design goal. Field emission onset was not observed during the entire test up to a peak electric field of 60 MV/m, thanks to the optimized processing procedures. Subsequently, one cavity was welded with the newly designed helium vessel and vertically tested at 2 K, achieving an rf performance comparable to the bare cavities, demonstrating the success of the jacketed cavity. This paper presents the design, fabrication, surface preparation, and cryogenic tests of the first higher-order-mode-damped 166.6 MHz ß = 1 superconducting cavity.

SREBP-1-mediated lipogenesis confers resistance to ferroptosis and improves endothelial injury.

Atherosclerosis refers to a disease characterized by the formation of lipid plaque deposits within arterial walls, leading to reduced blood flow or blockage of blood outflow. The process of endothelial injury induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is considered the initial stage of atherosclerosis. Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent, non-apoptotic cell death, and current research suggests its association with coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, we observed a correlation between reduced expression of SREBP-1 and the occurrence of stable CAD. Additionally, during the process of endothelial injury induced by ox-LDL, we also noted decreased expression of the SREBP-1/SCD1/FADS2 and involvement in the ferroptosis process. Mechanistically, ox-LDL induced endothelial injury by inhibiting the lipid biosynthesis process mediated by the SREBP-1/SCD1/FADS2, thereby inducing lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. On the contrary, overexpression of SREBP-1 or supplementation with monounsaturated fatty acids counteracted iron accumulation, mitochondrial damage, and lipid peroxidation-induced ferroptosis, thereby improving endothelial injury. Our study indicated that the decreased expression of peripheral blood SREBP-1 mRNA is an independent risk factor for stable CAD. Furthermore, in endothelial cells, the lipid biosynthesis process mediated by SREBP-1 could ameliorate endothelial injury by resisting ferroptosis. The study has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, which serves as a primary registry in the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ChiCTR2300074315, August 3rd, 2023).

De novo assembling a high-quality genome sequence of Amur grape (Vitis amurensis Rupr.) gives insight into Vitis divergence and sex determination.

To date, there has been no high-quality sequence for genomes of the East Asian grape species, hindering biological and breeding efforts to improve grape cultivars. This study presents ~522 Mb of the Vitis amurensis (Va) genome sequence containing 27 635 coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Vitis riparia (Vr) may have first split from the other two species, Va and Vitis vinifera (Vv). Divergent numbers of duplicated genes reserved among grapes suggests that the core eudicot-common hexaploidy (ECH) and the subsequent genome instability still play a non-negligible role in species divergence and biological innovation. Prominent accumulation of sequence variants might have improved cold resistance in Va, resulting in a more robust network of regulatory cold resistance genes, explaining why it is extremely cold-tolerant compared with Vv and Vr. In contrast, Va has preserved many fewer nucleotide binding site (NBS) disease resistance genes than the other grapes. Notably, multi-omics analysis identified one trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase gene positively correlated to the resveratrol accumulated during Va berry development. A selective sweep analysis revealed a hypothetical Va sex-determination region (SDR). Besides, a PPR-containing protein-coding gene in the hypothetical SDR may be related to sex determination in Va. The content and arrangement order of genes in the putative SDR of female Va were similar to those of female Vv. However, the putative SDR of female Va has lost one flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) gene and contains one extra protein-coding gene uncharacterized so far. These findings will improve the understanding of Vitis biology and contribute to the improvement of grape breeding.

Low expression of Notch1 may be associated with acute myocardial infarction.

Background: The transmembrane protein Notch1 is associated with cell growth, development, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, and the epithelial mesenchymal transition. Proteomics, as a research method, uses a series of sequencing techniques to study the composition, expression levels, and modifications of proteins. Here, the association between Notch1 and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was investigated using proteomics, to assess the possibility of using Notch1 as a biomarker for the disease. Methods: Fifty-five eligible patients with AMI and 74 with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) were enrolled, representing the experimental and control groups, respectively. The mRNA levels were assessed using RT-qPCR and proteins were measured using ELISA, and the results were compared and analyzed. Results: Notch1 mRNA levels were 0.52 times higher in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the AMI group relative to the CCS group (p < 0.05) while Notch1 protein levels were 0.63 times higher in peripheral blood plasma in AMI patients (p < 0.05). Notch1 levels were not associated with older age, hypertension, smoking, high abdominal-blood glucose, high total cholesterol, and high LDL in AMI. Logistic regression indicated associations between AMI and reduced Notch1 expression, hypertension, smoking, and high fasting glucose. Conclusions: Notch1 expression was reduced in the peripheral blood of patients with AMI relative to those with CCS. The low expression of Notch1 was found to be an independent risk factor for AMI and may thus be an indicator of the disease.

X-ray Structure-Guided Discovery of a Potent Benzimidazole Glutaminyl Cyclase Inhibitor That Shows Activity in a Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model.

The secretory glutaminyl cyclase (sQC) and Golgi-resident glutaminyl cyclase (gQC) are responsible for N-terminal protein pyroglutamation and associated with various human diseases. Although several sQC/gQC inhibitors have been reported, only one inhibitor, PQ912, is currently undergoing clinic trials for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We report an X-ray crystal structure of sQC complexed with PQ912, revealing that the benzimidazole makes "anchor" interactions with the active site zinc ion and catalytic triad. Structure-guided design and optimization led to a series of new benzimidazole derivatives exhibiting nanomolar inhibition for both sQC and gQC. In a MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model, BI-43 manifested efficacy in mitigating locomotor deficits through reversing dopaminergic neuronal loss, reducing microglia, and decreasing levels of the sQC/gQC substrates, α-synuclein, and CCL2. This study not only offers structural basis and new leads for drug discovery targeting sQC/gQC but also provides evidence supporting sQC/gQC as potential targets for PD treatment.

Engineering Nano-Sized Silicon Anodes with Conductive Networks toward a High Average Coulombic Efficiency of 90.2% via Plasma-Assisted Milling.

Si-based anode is considered one of the ideal anodes for high energy density lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity of 4200 mAh g-1. To accelerate the commercial progress of Si material, the multi-issue of extreme volume expansion and low intrinsic electronic conductivity needs to be settled. Herein, a series of nano-sized Si particles with conductive networks are synthesized via the dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP) assisted milling. The p-milling method can effectively refine the particle sizes of pristine Si without destroying its crystal structure, resulting in large Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) values with more active sites for Li+ ions. Due to their unique structure and flexibility, CNTs can be uniformly distributed among the Si particles and the prepared Si electrodes exhibit better structural stability during the continuous lithiation/de-lithiation process. Moreover, the CNT network accelerates the transport of ions and electrons in the Si particles. As a result, the nano-sized Si anodes with CNTs conductive network can deliver an extremely high average initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) reach of 90.2% with enhanced cyclic property and rate capability. The C-PMSi-50:1 anode presents 615 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles and 979 mAh g-1 under the current density of 5 A g-1. Moreover, the manufactured Si||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 pouch cell maintains a high ICE of >85%. This work may supply a new insight for designing the nano-sized Si and further promoting its commercial applications.

The Alterations in the Brain Corresponding to Low Back Pain: Recent Insights and Advances.

Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of global disabilities. Numerous molecular, cellular, and anatomical factors are implicated in LBP. Current issues regarding neurologic alterations in LBP have focused on the reorganization of peripheral nerve and spinal cord, but neural mechanisms of exactly what LBP impacts on the brain required further researches. Based on existing clinical studies that chronic pain problems were accompanying alterations in brain structures and functions, researchers proposed logical conjectures that similar alterations occur in LBP patients as well. With recent extensive studies carried out using noninvasive neuroimaging technique, increasing number of abnormalities and alterations has been identified. Here, we reviewed brain alterations including white matters, grey matters, and neural circuits between brain areas, which are involved in chronic LBP. Moreover, brain structural and functional connectivity abnormalities are correlated to the happening and transition of LBP. The negative emotions related to back pain indicate possible alterations in emotional brain regions. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize current findings on the alterations corresponding to LBP in the brain. It will not only further our understanding of etiology of LBP and understanding of negative emotions accompanying with back pain but also provide ideas and basis for new accesses to the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation afterward based on integral medicine.

Revealing the Subzero-Temperature Electrochemical Kinetics Behaviors in Ni-Rich Cathode.

The sluggish kinetics in Ni-rich cathodes at subzero temperatures causes decreased specific capacity and poor rate capability, resulting in slow and unstable charge storage. So far, the driving force of this phenomenon remains a mystery. Herein, with the help of in-situ X-ray diffraction and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry techniques, the continuous accumulation of both the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) film formation and the incomplete structure evolution during cycling under subzero temperature are proposed. It is presented that excessively uniform and thick CEI film generated at subzero temperatures would block the diffusion of Li+ -ions, resulting in incomplete phase evolution and clear charge potential delay. The incomplete phase evolution throughout the Li+ -ion intercalation/de-intercalation processes would further cause low depth of discharge and poor electrochemical reversibility with low initial Coulombic efficiency, as well. In addition, the formation of the thick and uniform CEI film would also consume Li+ -ions during the charging process. This discovery highlights the effects of the CEI film formation behavior and incomplete phase evolution in restricting electrochemical kinetics under subzero temperatures, which the authors believe would promote the further application of the Ni-rich cathodes.

MulCNN-HSP: A multi-scale convolutional neural networks-based deep learning method for classification of heat shock proteins.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are crucial cellular stress proteins that react to environmental cues, ensuring the preservation of cellular functions. They also play pivotal roles in orchestrating the immune response and participating in processes associated with cancer. Consequently, the classification of HSPs holds immense significance in enhancing our understanding of their biological functions and in various diseases. However, the use of computational methods for identifying and classifying HSPs still faces challenges related to accuracy and interpretability. In this study, we introduced MulCNN-HSP, a novel deep learning model based on multi-scale convolutional neural networks, for identifying and classifying of HSPs. Comparative results showed that MulCNN-HSP outperforms or matches existing models in the identification and classification of HSPs. Furthermore, MulCNN-HSP can extract and analyze essential features for the prediction task, enhancing its interpretability. To facilitate its accessibility, we have made MulCNN-HSP available at http://cbcb.cdutcm.edu.cn/HSP/. We hope that MulCNN-HSP will contribute to advancing the study of HSPs and their roles in various biological processes and diseases.

Genome assembly of Polygala tenuifolia provides insights into its karyotype evolution and triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis.

Polygala tenuifolia is a perennial medicinal plant that has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating mental diseases. However, the lack of genomic resources limits the insight into its evolutionary and biological characterization. In the present work, we reported the P. tenuifolia genome, the first genome assembly of the Polygalaceae family. We sequenced and assembled this genome by a combination of Illumnina, PacBio HiFi, and Hi-C mapping. The assembly includes 19 pseudochromosomes covering ~92.68% of the assembled genome (~769.62 Mb). There are 36 463 protein-coding genes annotated in this genome. Detailed comparative genome analysis revealed that P. tenuifolia experienced two rounds of whole genome duplication that occurred ~39-44 and ~18-20 million years ago, respectively. Accordingly, we systematically reconstructed ancestral chromosomes of P. tenuifolia and inferred its chromosome evolution trajectories from the common ancestor of core eudicots to the present species. Based on the transcriptomics data, enzyme genes and transcription factors involved in the synthesis of triterpenoid saponin in P. tenuifolia were identified. Further analysis demonstrated that whole-genome duplications and tandem duplications play critical roles in the expansion of P450 and UGT gene families, which contributed to the synthesis of triterpenoid saponins. The genome and transcriptome data will not only provide valuable resources for comparative and functional genomic researches on Polygalaceae, but also shed light on the synthesis of triterpenoid saponin.

Research on Robotic Compliance Control for Ultrasonic Strengthening of Aviation Blade Surface.

In order to satisfy the requirement of the automatic ultrasonic strengthening of an aviation blade surface, this paper puts forward a robotic compliance control strategy of contact force for ultrasonic surface strengthening. By building the force/position control method for robotic ultrasonic surface strengthening., the compliant output of the contact force is achieved by using the robot's end-effector (compliant force control device). Based on the control model of the end-effector obtained from experimental determination, a fuzzy neural network PID control is used to optimize the compliance control system, which improves the adjustment accuracy and tracking performance of the system. An experimental platform is built to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the compliance control strategy for the robotic ultrasonic strengthening of an aviation blade surface. The results demonstrate that the proposed method maintains the compliant contact between the ultrasonic strengthening tool and the blade surface under multi-impact and vibration conditions.

Understanding the role of social media usage and health self-efficacy in the processing of COVID-19 rumors: A SOR perspective.

Apart from the direct health and behavioral influence of the COVID-19 pandemic itself, COVID-19 rumors as an infodemic enormously amplified public anxiety and cause serious outcomes. Although factors influencing such rumors propagation have been widely studied by previous studies, the role of spatial factors (e.g., proximity to the pandemic) on individuals' response regarding COVID-19 rumors remain largely unexplored. Accordingly, this study, drawing on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework, examined how proximity to the pandemic (stimulus) influences anxiety (organism), which in turn determines rumor beliefs and rumor outcomes (response). Further, the contingent role of social media usage and health self-efficacy were tested. The research model was tested using 1246 samples via an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. The results indicate that: (1)The proximity closer the public is to the pandemic, the higher their perceived anxiety; (2) Anxiety increases rumor beliefs, which is further positively associated rumor outcomes; (3) When the level of social media usage is high, the relationship between proximity to the pandemic and anxiety is strengthened; (4) When the level of health self-efficacy is high, the effect of anxiety on rumor beliefs is strengthened and the effect of rumor beliefs on rumor outcomes is also strengthened. This study provides a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of the propagation of COVID-19 rumors from a SOR perspective. Additionally, this paper is one of the first that proposes and empirically verifies the contingent role of social media usage and health self-efficacy on the SOR framework. The findings of study can assist the pandemic prevention department in to efficiently manage rumors with the aim of alleviating public anxiety and avoiding negative outcomes cause by rumors.

Bezoar as a cause of portal vein pneumatosis: a case report.

Pneumatosis of the portal vein is considered a rare imaging sign rather than a disease. It usually occurs in patients with digestive tract diseases such as intestinal obstructive diseases, mesenteric vascular diseases, closed abdominal trauma, and liver transplantation. Because of its high mortality rate, it is also termed the "sign of death." Hawthorn contains tannic acid, and seafood is rich in calcium, iron, carbon, iodine, and other minerals and proteins. Thus, consuming both hawthorn and seafood together can result in the formation of an indigestible complex in the body, acting as the main pathogenic factor in patients with intestinal obstruction. We herein describe a patient with duodenal obstruction caused by hawthorn who developed the hepatic portal venous gas sign and was cured by nonsurgical treatment.

Effects of source materials on desorption kinetics of carcinogenic PAHs from contaminated soils.

Research investigating the desorptive behaviour of PAHs from contaminated soils often overlooked the effects of source materials, especially coal tar and coal tar pitch and materials alike. In this study, a refined experimental approach was adopted to establish a simple-to-complex continuum of systems that allow the investigation of desorption kinetics of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and 3 other carcinogenic PAHs (cPAHs) over an incubation period of 48 d. By comparing the modelled desorption parameters, elucidation of the effects of PAH source materials on their desorptive behaviour was achieved. Desorption of cPAHs from coal tar and pitch was enhanced when they were added to soils, with rapidly desorbing fraction (Frap) of BaP increased from 0.68% for pitch to 1.10% and 2.66% for pitch treated soils, and from 2.57% for coal tar to 6.24% for coal tar treated soil G and 8.76% for coal tar treated sand (1 d). At 1 d, desorption of target cPAHs from solvent and source material spiked soils generally followed the order of solvent > coal tar > pitch. Increases in Frap of cPAHs were observed in coal tar-treated soils after 48 d soil incubation (0.33%-1.16% for soil M, p ≥ 0.05, 6.24%-9.21% for soil G, p < 0.05) and was attributed to the continuous migration of coal tar as a non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) into soil pore structures. Slow desorption was dominated by source materials, whereas the extents and rates of rapid desorption (Frap and krap) were more controlled by the quantity of soil organic matter (SOM), rather than quality of SOM (as in solvent-spiked soils). The results of this study challenged the role of PAH source materials as 'sinks' and led to the proposed roles of coal tar and pitch and source materials alike as 'reservoirs' with a risk-driven perspective.

Transcription factors TP63 facilitates malignant progression of thyroid cancer by upregulating KRT17 expression and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Thyroid cancer (TC) is a relatively prevalent endocrine tumor among women, the incidence of which is rapidly rising. In this present study, we aimed to provide new therapeutic targets from the aspect of transcription factor-target gene interaction. TP63 and KRT17 were both highly expressed in TC tissues and cells. The results of ChIP and dual-luciferase assays confirmed TP63 to bind the KRT17 promoter. Cell function assays revealed that knockdown of TP63 could repress TC cell progression. Furthermore, the rescue assay verified that TP63 could facilitate KRT17 expression to activate the AKT signaling pathway, which in turn stimulated TC cell invasion and migration, and induced EMT. All these results verified that TP63 facilitates TC malignant progression by promoting KRT17 expression and inducing EMT.

Understanding online health information seeking behavior of older adults: A social cognitive perspective.

Introduction: Online health information seeking has been verified to play a crucial role in improving public health and has received close scholarly attention. However, the seeking behavior of older adults, especially the underlying mechanism through which they are motivated to seek health information online, remains unclear. This study addresses the issue by proposing a theoretical model leveraging social cognitive theory. Methods: IT self-efficacy and IT innovativeness were identified as personal factors and professional support and social support were identified as environmental factors. We conducted a survey that included 347 older people in China and examined the research hypotheses with a structural equation model. Results: IT self-efficacy and IT innovativeness facilitate older adults to seek health information online by increasing their perceived benefit of using the internet. Additionally, professional support and social support enhanced older adults' online seeking behavior by promoting their health awareness. We also found that perceived benefit displayed a stronger impact than health awareness on older adults' behavior related to searching for health information online. Conclusion: This study reveals that IT self-efficacy, IT innovativeness, professional support, and social support will promote older adults to seek health information online by enhancing their health awareness and perceived benefit. The findings of this study provide significant theoretical and practical implications.

Antibacterial Pattern of Rosa roxburghii Tratt Pomace Crude Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus and Its Application in Preservation of Cooked Beef.

Staphylococcus aureus is a common foodborne pathogen and spoilage bacterium in meat products. To develop a natural preservative for meat products, this study revealed the antibacterial activity and mechanism of Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace crude extract (RRPCE) against S. aureus, and applied RRPCE to the preservation of cooked beef. The diameter of inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericide concentration of RRPCE against S. aureus were 15.85 ± 0.35 to 16.21 ± 0.29 mm, 1.5 mg/mL, and 3 mg/mL, respectively. The growth curve of S. aureus was completely stalled by treatment with RRPCE at 2 MIC. RRPCE results in the decrease of intracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) content, depolarization of cell membrane, leakage of cell fluid including nucleic acid and protein, and destruction of cell membrane integrity and cell morphology. During storage, RRPCE significantly reduced S. aureus viable counts, pH, and total volatile basic nitrogen of cooked beef compared with untreated samples (p < 0.05). In addition, RRPCE could significantly increase the redness (a*) value, decrease lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values, and slow down the color change of cooked beef (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that RRPCE can effectively inhibit S. aureus, and has the potential as a natural preservative for the preservation of cooked beef.

Exploring the Mechanism of Yi-Jing Decoction in Treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Using Network Pharmacology.

BACKGROUND: Yi-Jing decoction (YJD), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been reported to be effective in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the underlying mechanisms of YJD in treating PCOS are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: In the present work, the effective ingredients of YJD and their treatment mechanisms on PCOS were systematically analyzed. METHODS: The effective ingredients of YJD and targets of PCOS were selected from public databases. The network pharmacology method was used to analyze the ingredients, potential targets, and pathways of YJD for the treatment of PCOS. RESULTS: One hundred and three active ingredients were identified from YJD, of which 82 were hit by 65 targets associated with PCOS. By constructing the disease-common targetcompound network, five ingredients (quercetin, arachidonate, beta-sitosterol, betacarotene, and cholesterol) were selected out as the key ingredients of YJD, which can interact with the 10 hub genes (VEGFA, AKT1, TP53, ALB, TNF, PIK3CA, IGF1, INS, IL1B, PTEN) against PCOS. These genes are mainly involved in prostate cancer, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance pathways. In addition, the results of molecular docking showed that the ingredients of YJD have a good binding affinity with the hub genes. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the treatment of PCOS by YJD is through regulating the levels of androgen and insulin and improving the inflammatory microenvironment.

Trace Elements Open a New Direction for the Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis.

Abnormal or excessive accumulation of adipose tissue leads to a condition called obesity. Long-term positive energy balance arises when energy intake surpasses energy expenditure, which increases the risk of metabolic and other chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis. In industrialized countries, the prevalence of coronary heart disease is positively correlated with the human development index. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACD) is among the primary causes of death on a global scale. There is evidence to support the notion that individuals from varied socioeconomic origins may experience varying mortality effects as a result of high blood pressure, high blood sugar, raised cholesterol levels, and high body mass index (BMI). However, it is believed that changes in the concentration of trace elements in the human body are the main contributors to the development of some diseases and the transition from a healthy to a diseased state. Metal trace elements, non-metal trace elements, and the sampling site will be examined to determine whether trace elements can aid in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis. This article will discuss whether trace elements, discussed under three sections of metal trace elements, non-metal trace elements, and the sampling site, can participate in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis.

SREBPs as the potential target for solving the polypharmacy dilemma.

The phenomenon of polypharmacy is a common occurrence among older people with multiple health conditions due to the rapid increase in population aging and the popularization of clinical guidelines. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is growing quickly, representing a serious threat to both the public and the worldwide healthcare systems. In addition, it enhances the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as mortality and morbidity. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors that transcriptionally modulate genes that regulate lipid biosynthesis and uptake, thereby serving an essential role in biological systems regulation. In this article, we have described the structure of SREBPs and explored their activation and regulation of signals. We also reveal that SREBPs are intricately involved in the modulation of metabolic diseases and thus have tremendous potential as the novel target for single-drug therapy for multiple diseases.