Microbiota characterization of the green mussel Perna viridis at the tissue scale and its relationship with the environment.

Research on the microbiota associated with marine invertebrates is important for understanding host physiology and the relationship between the host and the environment. In this study, the microbiota of the green mussel Perna viridis was characterized at the tissue scale using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and compared with the microbiota of the surrounding environment. Different mussel tissues were sampled, along with two environmental samples (the mussel's attachment substratum and seawater). The results showed that the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Spirochaetae were dominant in mussel tissues. The bacterial community composition at the family level varied among the tissues of P. viridis. Although the microbiota of P. viridis clearly differed from that of the surrounding seawater, the composition and diversity of the microbial community of the foot and outer shell surface were similar to those of the substratum, indicating their close relationship with the substratum. KEGG prediction analysis indicated that the bacteria harbored by P. viridis were enriched in the degradation of aromatic compounds, osmoregulation, and carbohydrate oxidation and fermentation, processes that may be important in P. viridis physiology. Our study provides new insights into the tissue-scale characteristics of mussel microbiomes and the intricate connection between mussels and their environment.

The Significant Roles of Gut-lung Microbiota in Shaping and Regulating Immunity / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

The interaction between microbes and the human immune system has long been a focus in biomedical research. Next-generation sequencing has revealed that in addition to gut microbiota， the respiratory tract also harbors microbial communities， forming an interconnected network with the gut microbiota through immune cells and active factors. This review aims to explore how the gut and lung microbiota regulate immune responses， including their roles in local and systemic immune modulation. It also delineates the immunological connections along the gut-lung axis. Further elucidating the influence of microbes on the immune system holds important clinical significance for understanding diseases and exploring novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Effects of metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid on promoting transdifferentiation of pancreatic OL cells into pancreatic β cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role of metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in promoting the transdifferentiation of pancreatic α cells to β cells. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with 60 mg/kg streptozocin (STZ) for five consecutive days to establish a type 1 diabetes (T1DM) mouse model. After two weeks, they were randomly divided into model groups and 97% EPA diet intervention group, 75% fish oil (50% EPA +25% DHA) diet intervention group, and random blood glucose was detected every week; after the model expired, the regeneration of pancreatic β cells in mouse pancreas was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The islets of mice (obtained by crossing GCG

Kidney transplantation from donors with Marfan syndrome: report of 2 cases and literature review / 器官移植

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical experience of kidney transplantation from donors with Marfan syndrome (MFS). Methods Clinical data of 2 recipients undergoing kidney transplantation from the same MFS patient were retrospectively analyzed and literature review of 2 cases was conducted. Characteristics and clinical diagnosis and treatment of kidney transplantation from MFS patients were summarized. Results The Remuzzi scores of the left and right donor kidneys of the MFS patient during time-zero biopsy were 1 and 2. No significant difference was observed in the renal arteriole wall compared with other donors of brain death and cardiac death. Two recipients who received kidney transplantation from the MFS patient suffered from postoperative delayed graft function. After short-term hemodialysis, the graft function of the recipients received the left and right kidney began to gradually recover at postoperative 10 d and 20 d. After discharge, serum creatinine level of the recipient received the left kidney was ranged from 80 to 90 μmol/L, whereas that of the recipient received the right kidney kept declining, and the lowest serum creatinine level was 232 μmol/L before the submission date (at postoperative 43 d). Through literature review, two cases successfully undergoing kidney transplantation from the same MFS donor were reported. Both two recipients experienced delayed graft function, and then renal function was restored to normal. Until the publication date, 1 recipient has survived for 6 years, and the other recipient died of de novo cerebrovascular disease at postoperative 2 years. Conclusions MFS patients may serve as an acceptable source of kidney donors. However, the willingness and general conditions of the recipients should be carefully evaluated before kidney transplantation. Intraoperatively, potential risk of tear of renal arterial media should be properly treated. Extensive attention should be paid to the incidence of postoperative complications.

An evaluation of carrier detection for Spinal muscular atrophy using digital PCR assay / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the effectiveness and feasibility of carrier detection for Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) by using digital PCR assay.@*METHODS@#Peripheral blood samples were collected from 214 pregnant women who were routinely screened for SMA carriers, of which 204 were randomly selected samples and 10 were samples with known copy numbers of SMN1 exons 7 and 8. Samples with known copy numbers of SMN1 exons 7 and 8 were randomly mixed into the experiment to validate the performance of the digital PCR assay.@*RESULTS@#The copy numbers of SMN1 exons 7 and 8 and SMN2 exons 7 and 8 in peripheral blood samples were detected by digital PCR assay. The results of SMN1 exons 7 and 8 were compared with those of the quantitative PCR method to assess the reliability and clinical performance of the digital PCR assay. Among the 204 random samples, digital PCR has detected five samples with simultaneous heterozygous deletion of SMN1 exons 7 and 8, three samples with heterozygous deletion of SMN1 exon 8 only, and 196 samples with no deletion of SMN1 exons 7 and 8. Ten samples with known SMN1 exons 7 and 8 copy numbers were detected with the expected values. The digital PCR test results were fully consistent with that of the quantitative PCR.@*CONCLUSION@#The results of digital PCR for the detection of copy number variation of SMN1 exons 7 and 8 were consistent with qPCR. Digital PCR assay was able to clearly distinguish the copy number of the target genes, therefore can be used for SMA carrier screening. Moreover, it can also detect copy number of SMN2 exons 7 and 8, which can provide more information for genetic counseling.

Full C-band covered and DWDM channelized high channel-count all-fiber orbital-angular-momentum mode generator based on the fiber gratings.

To generate the orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) modes at multiple wavelengths, which exactly fit with the dense-wavelength-division-multiplex (DWDM) channel grids, is important to the DWDM-based OAM mode-division-multiplex (MDM) fiber communication system. In this study, a full C-band covered and DWDM channelized OAM mode generator is firstly proposed and experimentally demonstrated, which is realized especially by using a broadband helical long-period fiber grating (HLPG) combined with a phase-only sampled multichannel fiber Bragg grating (MFBG). As a proof-of-concept example, the DWDM channelized two complementary 51-channel OAM mode generators have been successfully demonstrated, each of which has a channel spacing of 100 GHz (∼0.8 nm), an effective bandwidth of ∼40 nm, a high azimuthal-mode conversion efficiency of 90%, and high uniformities in both inter- and intra-channel spectra as well. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time for proposal and experimental demonstration of such a high channel-count and DWDM channelized first-order OAM mode (l = 1) generator, which can also be used for multichannel higher-order OAM mode generation as long as the utilized HLPG is capable of generating a broadband higher-order OAM mode. The proposed device has potential applications to DWDM-based OAM fiber communications, OAM comb lasers, OAM holography, and OAM sensors as well.

miR5298b regulated taxol biosynthesis by acting on TcNPR3, resulting in an alleviation of the strong inhibition of the TcNPR3-TcTGA6 complex in Taxus chinensis.

Taxol, a valuable but rare secondary metabolite of the genus Taxus, is an effective anticancer drug. Understanding the regulation of taxol biosynthesis may provide a means to increase taxol content. The microRNA miR5298b was found to promote the accumulation of taxol and upregulate several taxol biosynthesis genes, including DBAT, TASY, and T5H, as demonstrated by experiments using the overexpression and mimicry of transient leaves. Moreover, miR5298b cleaves the mRNA sequence of TcNPR3, a homolog of the salicylic acid receptor AtNPR3/4. Overexpression and knockdown by RNA interference of TcNPR3 confirmed that it repressed taxol biosynthesis. These results indicate that miR5298b enhances taxol biosynthesis via the cleavage of TcNPR3. Yeast two-hybrid bimolecular fluorescence complementation and pull-down assays revealed that TcTGA6, a TGA transcription factor, physically interacted with TcNPR3. Functional experiments showed that TcTGA6 negatively regulates taxol biosynthesis by directly combining with the TGACG motif in the promoters of TASY, T5H, and T10H. TcNPR3 enhances TcTGA6 inhibition Luciferase assays showed that miR5298b alleviated the repression of the TcNPR3-TcTGA6 complex. In summary, miR5298b can cleave TcNPR3, thereby alleviating the inhibition of the TcNPR3-TcTGA6 complex to upregulate taxol biosynthesis genes.

Exposure to Bisphenol A induces abnormal fetal heart development by promoting ferroptosis.

BACKGROUND: Bisphenol A (BPA), a common endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), has been revealed to be closely associated with the induction of abnormal heart development, obesity, prediabetes, and other metabolic disorders. However, the underlying mechanism of maternal BPA exposure on fetal heart development abnormalities is not clear. METHODS: To explore the adverse effects of BPA and its potential mechanism on heart development, C57BL/6 J mice and human cardiac AC-16 cells were used to conduct in vivo and in vitro studies. For the in vivo study, mice were exposed to low-dose BPA (40 mg/(kg·bw)) and high-dose BPA (120 mg/(kg·bw)) for 18 d during pregnancy. In vitro study, human cardiac AC-16 cells were exposed to BPA of various concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 µM) for 24 h. Cell viability and ferroptosis were evaluated using 2,5-diphenyl-2 H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting. RESULTS: In BPA-treated mice, the alterations of fetal cardiac structure were observed. Increased NK2 homeobox 5(Nkx2.5) was detected in vivo with the induction of ferroptosis, revealing that BPA induced abnormal fetal heart development. Furthermore, the results showed that SLC7A11 and SLC3A2 decreased in low- and high-dose BPA-treated groups, suggesting that system Xc- mediated BPA-induced abnormal fetal heart development via inhibiting the expression of GPX4. Observing AC-16 cells confirmed that cell viability declined significantly with various concentrations of BPA. Moreover, BPA exposure suppressed GPX4 expression by inhibiting System Xc- (the decrease of SLC3A2 and SLC7A11). Collectively, system Xc- modulating cell ferroptosis might play important in abnormal fetal heart development induced by BPA exposure.

Significance and Potential Role of Eosinophils in Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis.

Bronchiectasis is a complex and heterogeneous disease with a myriad of pulmonary and extrapulmonary etiologies. Bronchiectasis has a predominantly neutrophilic inflammatory profile. However, eosinophilic inflammation has also been documented in both the airways and the systemic circulation. Various diseases (eg, asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps) characterized by heightened type 2 airway inflammatory responses, including blood or sputum eosinophilia, may coexist with bronchiectasis. Apart from those eosinophilic etiologies or comorbidities related to bronchiectasis, around 20% of patients with bronchiectasis have peripheral eosinophilia (at least 3% or 300 eosinophils/µL) with no identified concomitant disease (also termed "eosinophilic bronchiectasis"), whose roles have not been fully understood. The two key points regarding these observations are that eosinophils confer both bactericidal and antiviral properties against common pathogenic microorganisms that are usually detected in bronchiectasis, and that eosinophilic bronchiectasis has been associated with better therapeutic response to inhaled corticosteroids and other anti-TH2 profile treatments. In this review, we summarize the most significant evidence regarding the role of eosinophils in patients with bronchiectasis, including the association of bronchiectasis with eosinophilic diseases (as etiologies or comorbidities), and existing data on eosinophilic bronchiectasis not related to eosinophilic disorders.

Characterization of potential bitterness critical quality attributes in Xiaoer Ganmao Oral Liquid based on UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MSn / 药学学报

To identify the bitter compounds of real-world Xiaoer Ganmao Oral Liquid sugar-free intermediates, an integrated strategy has been developed by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MSn) method and BitterX database prediction. The chromatographic operating conditions were as follows, chromatographic column: Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm), mobile phase: 0.1% formic acid-water solution (A)-acetonitrile (B) with gradient elution. The data were collected in positive and negative ion modes, respectively. The accurate molecular mass and structural information of the target compounds were obtained based on quasi-molecular ions and fragmentation ions provided by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The compounds were identified by combining retention time, reference substances, reports, and other relevant data, and a total of 57 constituents including flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoids were finally identified. Further, the BitterX database was used to predict binding probability of compounds to bitter receptors and identify potential bitter critical quality attributes, finally 33 potential bitter compounds, including kukoamine A and linarin, were predicted. This study comprehensively characterized the material basis of Xiaoer Ganmao Oral Liquid sugar-free intermediates, it provides an effective method for bitter compound screening and a reference for further improving the undesirable taste of Xiaoer Ganmao Oral Liquid.

Research on dynamic on-line monitoring method of moisture attribute in three honey-processed Chinese herbal slice based on in-situ general model / 药学学报

Aiming at the hysteresis and destructiveness of off-line static detection of critical quality attribute of the moisture content of the raw material unit of the traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing process, honey-processed Tussilago farfara, honey-processed Astragalus and honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis were used as the research carriers, and the drying method was used to measure the moisture content as a reference value. The moving stage was used to simulate the movement process of samples on the conveyor belt in the actual on-site production process, and near-infrared (NIR) spectra were collected, combined with machine learning, to establish NIR on-site dynamic detection model of moisture content in multi-variety honey-processed Chinese herbal slice. The results show that the second derivative method is used to preprocess the spectrum. The number of decision trees (ntree), the number of random features (max feature), and the minimum number of samples for generating leaf nodes (node size) are selected: 46, 76, and 8, respectively. The quantitative analysis model of moisture content has the best effect. The prediction coefficient of determination (the prediction coefficient of determination, R2pre) and the root mean square error of prediction (root mean square error of prediction, RMSEP) of the model were 0.903 2 and 0.330 2, respectively. The NIR quantitative model for the moisture content of multi-variety honey-processed Chinese herbal slice established in this study has good predictive performance, and can achieve rapid, accurate and non-destructive quantitative analysis of the moisture content of honey-processed Tussilago farfara, honey-processed Astragalus and honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis at the same time, and provides a method for determining the moisture content of honey-processed Chinese herbal slice of the raw material unit of the traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing process.

The measurement of critical quality attributes of Tongren niuhuang qingxin pills based on MIF-HEMT biosensor technology / 药学学报

There is still a serious challenge of the measurement of critical quality attributes (CQAs) related to clinical efficacy for Chinese materia medica manufacturing. To overcome this challenge, an integrated strategy of biosensor and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was proposed using Tongren niuhuang qingxin pills as a trial. Firstly, an original biosensor was created using a semiconductor chip material high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) as the transducer and the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as the identification element. By this MIF-HEMT biosensor, the efficacy on stoke of different components from Tongren niuhuang qingxin pills was measured. It was clear that all three components of Tongren niuhuang qingxin pills had strong therapeutic effects on stroke, especially the section A, the KD of which reached to 8.722×10-10 g·mL-1. Furthermore, MIF-HEMT biosensor integrated UPLC-MS/MS was introduced to identify the efficacy CQAs of different components of Tongren niuhuang qingxin pills. As a result, 19 potential CQAs, such as albiforin, paeoniflorin, and prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, were measured as the efficacy CQAs of Tongren niuhuang qingxin pills on stroke treatment by MIF. These results provided vital measurement techniques and methodological guidance for the CQAs study of Tongren niuhuang qingxin pills intervention in MIF-induced stroke treatment. This also provided an essential guideline for the efficient utilization and quality control measurement of high-quality classical recipes.

Clinical Features and CT Imaging Findings of Melioidosis Pneumonia / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo summarize and analyze the clinical features and CT imaging findings of melioidosis pneumonia in order to increase awareness of this disease. MethodsA retrospective study was done on clinical and CT imaging data of 68 cases with melioidosis pneumonia diagnosed from January 1， 2012 to April 1， 2023. ResultsOf the 68 cases， 62 presented with acute infection and 6 chronic infection， 88.2% were male， 85.3% were native residents of Hainan， 85.3% were farmers， 77.9% had onset in summer and autumn， 66.2% had diabetes， 100% had fever as the first clinical symptom， and 88.2% were confirmed positive by blood culture. In most patients， white blood cell count， neutrophil ratio， C-reactive protein and calcitonin levels increased， while lymphocyte ratio decreased， but no statistical difference was found between acute and chronic infection groups （P > 0.05）. Of the patients， 36.8% recovered， 42.6% got better， 11.8% patients became therapy-resistant and 8.8% died. CT image showed pathomorphological changes including nodules/masses， patchy ground-glass attenuation or large patchy consolidation or all of these at the same time. Acute and chronic infection groups had significant difference in pathomorphological changes （P = 0.01）， but no statistical difference in other imaging findings. Moreover， 36.8% of the patients developed extrapulmonary infections， 8.8% of which multi-site abscess formation. ConclusionsMelioidosis Pneumonia should be considered if the patient is the sojourner from epidemic area， or has diabetes， high fever and rapid-developing disease， with additional presence of multiple inflammatory lesions in lung CT.

Correlation between intrinsic capacity and activities of daily living for old adults in China: based on China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the weights and comprehensive indices of each field of intrinsic capacity of old adults, and the correlation between intrinsic capacity and activities of daily living (ADL). MethodsThe data of 5 506 cases aged more than 60 years in the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were used to collect the assessment of intrinsic capacity and the measurement of ADL. The assessment of intrinsic capacity included cognition, motor, vitality, sensory and psychology; while the ADL scale included six indicators, namely dressing, bathing, eating, getting in or out of bed, going to the toilet, and controlling urine and feces. ResultsA total of 1 343 cases were limited in ADL (24.4%). Women, lower education level, older age, the widowed, greater number of chronic diseases, and poorer self-rated health were the factors more likely to be limited in ADL. Principal component analysis showed that the largest weight value was in psychological domain, followed by the cognitive domain, and the lowest weight value was in the motor domain. After controlling for the effects of age, gender, living environment, economic income, education level, marriage, smoking and drinking, number of chronic diseases, and self-rated health, the Logistic regression analysis showed that low exercise capacity (OR = 0.581, 95%CI 0.501 to 0.674), depression (OR = 0.426, 95%CI 0.368 to 0.493), audile and visual impairment (OR = 0.813, 95%CI 0.699 to 0.947; OR = 0.684, 95%CI 0.578 to 0.809), overweight (OR = 1.203, 95%CI 1.014 to 1.428) and obesity (OR = 1.584, 95%CI 1.312 to 1.912) were independent risk factors for ADL limitation in older adults. ConclusionDecrease of intrinsic capacity is a predictor for ADL limitation in older adults.

Epidemiology and hospitalization costs analysis of female inpatients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Beijing from 2013 to 2020 / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To study epidemiological characteristics and hospitalization costs of female inpatients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in Beijing.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted to analyze electronic hospitalization summary reports of female inpatients with AECOPD in Beijing from 2013 to 2020. Clinical characteristics (age distribution and comorbidities), epidemiological characteristics (temporal and spatial distribution characteristics), hospi-talization times and costs of patients were described.@*RESULTS@#A total of 57 911 subjects in 166 hospitals were included in this study, with a mean age of (78.84±8.59) years and the highest number of patients aged 80-89 years (49.06%), followed by patients aged 70-79 years (31.08%), and the lowest number of patients under 50 years (0.41%). The proportions of patients with coronary heart disease, hypertension and heart failure were 30.60%, 30.52% and 26.54% respectively. The median number of daily hospitalizations during the study period was 18 (IQR: 16). The number of daily hospitalizations for AECOPD showed an overall growth trend over the eight years from 2013 to 2020, starting to increase significantly in 2015 and continuing to increase until 2019, then followed by a decline in 2020. The proportion of inpatient admissions was higher in winter and spring (54.09%) than that in summer and autumn (45.91%). The top three districts in terms of the proportion of total inpatient admissions were Xicheng district (14.18%), Chaoyang district (14.12%) and Fengtai district (13.47%). The density of inpatients was relatively high in the western regions, central urban areas and northeastern regions of the city, while the density of inpatients was relatively low in the near suburbs. The median number of hospital days for female patients with AECOPD was 12 days, and the median hospital costs was CNY 20 648.37. Patients from urban areas had longer hospitalization times and higher hospitalization costs than those from suburban areas (P < 0.001). Western medicine expenses accounted for the largest proportion of total hospital expenses (33.32%). During the study period, hospitalization costs exhibited an overall pattern of initial growth, followed by subsequent decline, eventually stabilizing. The differences in hospitalization costs among the patients with different comorbidities were significant.@*CONCLUSION@#Female hospitalized patients with AECOPD in Beijing were older than 70 years, often complicated by cardiovascular disease. AECOPD occurred mainly in winter and spring, with regional differences. The hospitalization costs were closely associated with the patients' age, comorbidities, and the geographicical region.

Challenges to global pertussis prevention and control / 中华流行病学杂志

Pertussis is an acute, highly infectious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, and is one of the leading causes of infant disease and death worldwide. The pertussis vaccine has been used in the expanded program on immunization globally since 1974 and the vaccination coverage remains high. In recent years, the pertussis incidence rate increased, even pertussis outbreaks occurred, in more and more countries or areas after years with low incidence level. The disease burden of pertussis has been seriously underestimated, and the prevention and control of pertussis is facing many challenges. This article reviews the epidemic status of pertussis worldwide, the factors affecting the reemergence of pertussis, and the challenges in the prevention and control to provide a reference for prevention and control of pertussis.

Efficacy and safety of image-guided hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with contralateral esophageal protection in treatment of unresectable stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To explore the efficacy and adverse reactions of image-guided hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (Ig-HypoRT) conbined with contralateral esophageal protection in treatment of patients with unresectable stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:The clinical data of 45 patients with unresectable stage Ⅲ NSCLC who were admitted to Xuzhou Cancer Hospital from January 2016 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients received induction chemotherapy with a platinum-based dual-drug combination regimen, followed by Ig-HypoRT with a total dose of tumor of 60-63 Gy/12- 18 times at 3.5-5.0 Gy/time. Contralateral esophagus was delineated as an organ at risk during radiotherapy, limiting V 45 Gy≤1.8 cc and V 55 Gy ≤0.4 cc. Patients' efficacy, survival and the occurrence of adverse reactions were observed. Results:Among 45 patients, there were 9 cases of complete remission, 31 cases of partial remission, 4 cases of stable disease and 1 case of disease progression, and the effective rate was 88.8% (40/45). The median follow-up time was 34 months, 45 patients had a median overall survival (OS) time of 25.0 months (95% CI 21.7-28.8 months), with 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates of 78.9%, 56.8% and 47.7%, respectively; the median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 18.5 months (95% CI 15.0-22.0 months), with 1-, 2- and 3-year PFS rates of 59.8%, 32.6% and 18.6%, respectively. The 3-year local recurrence rate was 9% (4/45). The incidence of grade 1-2 radioactive esophagitis was 80% (36/45); the incidence of grade 1-2 chest pain was 20% (9/45). The incidence of grade 3-4 adverse reactions were 13% (6/45), including 7% (3/45) of grade 3 pulmonary atelectasis, 4% (2/45) of grade 3 radioactive pneumonia, and 2% (1/45) of grade 4 hemoptysis. Conclusions:Ig-HypoRT combined with contralateral esophageal protection for unresectable stage Ⅲ NSCLC can improve survival rate and reduce esophageal adverse reactions of patients.

Bardet-Biedl syndrome: a case report / 中华肾脏病杂志

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal recessive hereditary rare disease with high heterogeneity in clinical phenotypes, which can affect multiple systems, such as six fingers/digits deformity, mental impairment, retinopathy, polycystic kidney, etc, and is easily diagnosed according to a single system disease, resulting in misdiagnosis. The paper reports a case of BBS, diagnosed with "renal cyst, developmental delay, chondrosis, and left foot hexadactylism" at 5 years old, "anemia, renal insufficiency, distal renal tubule poisoning, renal osteodystrophy" at 7 years old. At 10 years old, the patient received hemodialysis treatment for uremia. Cloudy vision appeared in both eyes at 14 years old. Because of the prominent manifestation of kidney damage, the patient was misdiagnosed as "polycystic kidney" for a long time, and other systemic damages were ignored. The result of gene sequencing showed that chromosome 16 NM_031885.5 exon17 had one homozygous nonsense mutation. Therefore, the patient was accurately diagnosed as BBS. This paper is the first report of BBS in Li nationality in China. The relevant literature of BBS were reviewed to strengthen clinicians' understanding of the disease and improve patients' prognosis.

Advances of aerobic glycolysis in renal interstitial fibrosis / 中华肾脏病杂志

Aerobic glycolysis is a metabolic process in which cellular energy production favors the low-efficiency energy-producing glycolytic pathway in the presence of sufficient oxygen, reducing dependence on aerobic respiration, while producing energy rapidly and providing advantages for cell survival and proliferation. In recent years, several studies have shown that aerobic glycolysis is involved in the development of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) and involves various cell types such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, renal tubular epithelial cells, pericytes, and inflammatory cells. Drugs targeting glycolysis may provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of RIF. This article reviews the research progress of abnormal aerobic glycolysis in different cells and glycolytic intervention drugs in RIF.

The 500th case: pain in both hip joints, headache, and diplopia / 中华内科杂志

A male child, aged 5 years and 3 months, was admitted to the Oncology Department with a history of pain in both hip joints, headache, and diplopia lasting for 40 days. Physical examination did not reveal definitive signs or obvious abnormalities in the nervous system. Imaging studies showed only abnormalities in the craniocerebrum and spinal cord. Routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed elevation in the total number of white blood cells, mainly mononuclear cells. Biochemical analysis of CSF showed normal glucose and chloride levels, and increased protein concentrations. The possibility of central nervous system (CNS) infection was initially considered. Subsequently, antibacterial and antiviral therapy was administered; however, this treatment was ineffective. Further examination of CSF through immunophenotyping revealed mature B-cell lymphoma with CNS involvement; there were no neoplastic lesions detected elsewhere in the body. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Complete remission was achieved after chemotherapy with the CNCL-2017-mature B-cell lymphoma regimen. Thus far, all chemotherapy cycles have been completed, the patient remains in complete remission, and the follow-up is ongoing. Clinicians should pay close attention to PCNSL in children.