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Background: Even though most sub-Saharan Africa adopted the World Health organization guidelines for malaria prevention, the coverage of insecticide-treated nets by pregnant women is low, where 28 million pregnant women did not receive insecticide-treated nets services. Likewise, only 13-51.4% of pregnant women utilize insecticide-treated nets in Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Miesso woreda from April 01 to 30, 2017, among 424 pregnant women. A multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A structured interviewer-based administered questionnaire and observational checklist were used to collect the data. The collected data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with insecticide-treated nets utilization. Adjusted odds ratios along 95% CI were estimated to measure the strength of the association and declared statistical significance at a p-value < 0.05. Results: Of a total respondents, 39.9% (95% CI: 34.9-44.2%) utilize insecticide-treated nets. Pregnant women from rural (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.38), employed women (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.86), monthly income >1050 Ethiopian total birr (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.84), third trimester pregnancy (AOR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.40), and having antenatal care for current pregnancy (AOR = 3.86, 95% CI: 1.63, 9.10) were factors significantly associated with insecticide-treated nets. Conclusion: The utilization of insecticide-treated nets is relatively low. Residence, occupational status, monthly income, stage of pregnancy, and antenatal care status were factors significantly associated with insecticide-treated net utilization among pregnant women.
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BACKGROUND: Inadequate water supply, sanitation, hygiene practices, and diarrhea are related to malnutrition, but there is limited evidence in Ethiopia about their association. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe childhood malnutrition and the association with diarrhea, water supply, sanitation and hygiene practices. METHODS: A case-control study design was performed from December 2018 to January 2019 in Kersa and Omo Nada districts of the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Both children aged 6 to 59 months were chosen randomly from malnourished and well-nourished children in 128 cases and 256 controls, respectively. Bodyweight, length/height, mid-upper arm circumference, and presence of edema of the children were measured according to the WHO references. Then, the nutritional status of the children was identified as a case or control using the cutoff points recommended by the WHO. To see the association-dependent and independent variables, logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS: A total of 378 children were included in this study (98.44%). Malnutrition was significantly increased among children who delayed breastfeeding initiation(AOR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.62-6.00), had diarrhea (AOR = 9.22; 95% CI: 5.25-16.20), were living in households indexed as the poorest (AOR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.12-5.62), defecated in a pit latrine without slab/open pit (AOR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.17-5.30), collecting drinking water from less than/equal to 1 km distance (AOR = 4.77; 95% CI: 1.01-22.71) and sometimes practiced hand washing at the critical times (AOR = 2.58; 95% CI: 1.16-5.74) compared with their counterparts. However, lactating during the survey (AOR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.18-0.67), water collection from unprotected sources (AOR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.05-0.95) and collection and disposal of under-5 children feces elsewhere (AOR = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01-0.49) significantly reduced the likelihood of malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS: Early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding, diarrhea prevention, and the use of improved latrine and handwashing practices at critical times could be important variables to improve the nutritional status of children.
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INTRODUCTION: Despite advancements in food science and technology, foodborne disease remains one of the major public health problems. Poor sanitation and hygiene conditions of food establishments are the major causes for the occurrence of foodborne disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate core determinants of sanitation and hygiene status among food establishments. METHODS: Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Addis Ababa city. A stratified random sampling technique was deployed to select 413 study participants. Data were collected through interview and using observational checklist. Sample size was determined by using a single population proportion formula. To analyze the data, binary logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. In all analysis, P-value less than .05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study revealed that 57.4% of the food establishments were under poor sanitation status. In the multivariable analysis, presence of trained managers on hygiene and sanitation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 6.10 with 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.41-15.45), presence of renewed licenses (AOR = 3.07 with 95% CI: 1.18-7.99), absence of bureaucratic function to obtain permission to renew the food establishment buildings (AOR = 2.43 with 95% CI: 1.25-4.70), and presence of at least 10-m distance between toilet and kitchen (AOR = 9.19, at 95% CI: 5.63-15.02) were associated significantly with sanitation and hygiene status. CONCLUSIONS: Above average of the food establishments were found to be in poor sanitation and hygiene state. Many core determinant factors that influence sanitation and hygienic status of food establishments were identified. The researchers suggest that formal training on sanitation and hygiene for managers of food establishments should be provided to reduce the occurrence of foodborne diseases. Moreover, strong food and water safety policy and strategy should be promulgated to improve sanitation and hygiene status of food establishments.
