Anisakis physeteris y Pseudoterranova decipiens en el pez Mugil Curema comercializado en Tumaco, Colombia / Anisakis physeteris and Pseudoterranova decipiens in the Mugil curema fish caught in Tumaco, Colombia

RESUMEN Objetivo. Identificar nematodos de la familia Anisakidae en el pez de consumo Mugil curema. Materiales y métodos. Para este estudio, se recolectaron 16 peces Lisa (M. curema) del puerto de Tumaco, una ciudad en la costa colombiana del Pacífico. La identificación morfológica de las larvas se realizó mediante taxonomía clásica y se calculó el porcentaje de infestación de larvas. Para la identificación molecular, se realizó una PCR múltiple con cebadores para las especies Anisakis physeteris, Pseudoterranova decipiens, Anisakis simplex sensu stricto, Contracaecum osculatum, Hysterothylacium aduncum y Anisakis pegreffii. Resultados. La revisión taxonómica permitió la identificación de larvas de tipo II del género Anisakis y larvas del género Pseudoterranova. Las larvas se aislaron principalmente del intestino, donde se encontró que el 94% de los peces estaban parasitados por nematodos anisakidos. La PCR multiplex permitió la identificación de la especie A. physeteris (Larva tipo II) y P. decipiens. Conclusiones. Este estudio es el primer reporte de nematodo Anisakidae en Tumaco, Colombia. Estos resultados proporcionan una justificación convincente para un estudio adicional sobre la familia Anisakidae en Colombia, como un problema de salud pública.

ABSTRACT Objective: Identification nematodes Anisakidae family in Mugil curema fish. Materials and methods: For this study, 16 Lisa fish (Mugil curema) were obtained from the port of Tumaco, a city on the Colombian Pacific coast. Morphological identification of larvae was made by classical taxonomy and the percentage of larval infestation was calculated. For molecular identification, a multiplex PCR was carried out with primers for six species, Anisakis physeteris, Pseudoterranova decipiens, Anisakis simplex sensu stricto, Contracaecum osculatum, Hysterothylacium aduncum and Anisakis pegreffii. Results: The taxonomic revision enabled the identification of type II larvae of the genus Anisakis and larvae of the genus Pseudoterranova. The larvae were isolated mainly from the intestine, where it was found that 94% of the fish were parasitized by anisakid nematodes. The multiplex PCR enabled the identification of the species A. physeteris (Larva type II), and P. decipiens. Conclusions: This study is the first report of nematode Anisakidae on Tumaco, Colombia. These results provide a compelling justification for further study into the Anisakidae family in Colombia, as a public health problem.

Cryptosporidium spp, comparative diagnosis and geospatial distribution in diarrheic calves from dairy farms, Valdivia, Chile / Diagnóstico comparativo y distribución geoespacial de Cryptosporidium spp, en terneros diarreicos en lecherías de Valdivia, Chile

Objective. To determine the Cryptosporidium spp. infection frequency by using Ziehl-Neelsen and Auramine stains on samples obtained from diarrheic calves from milking farms of the Valdivia province. To compare both diagnostic tests and to determine the geospatial distribution of the infections caused by this protozoan. Materials and methods. 221 fecal samples of diarrheic calves of 24 milking farms of the Valdivia province were studied. The processing and analysis of the samples was done by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) and Auramine (AU) staining techniques, and the results were compared by McNemar statistical test and the concordance level was determined by kappa index. A map was also generated to determine the geospatial distribution of Cryptosporidium infections. Results. 57.9% of all the animals tested were classified as positive with the ZN stain test, while 55.6% of all the animals turned out positive for the AU stain test. The McNemar test showed no significant difference between both diagnostic techniques (p>0.05), while the kappa index showed proper concordance between tests (k=0.73). 100% of the farms studied showed protozoan presence demonstrating the broad distribution of the parasite, however, and considering the previous factor, it was not possible to determine geospatial associations for the parasite distribution. Conclusions. The infection frequency of Cryptosporidium is higher than 50% in the milking farms studied from the Valdivia province. No difference between the Ziehl-Neelsen and Auramine staining techniques was demonstrated showing very consistent results. It was possible to detect that the number of farms infected correspond to 100% of the farms analyzed.

Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de infección por Cryptosporidium spp., mediante las tinciones de Ziehl-Neelsen y Auramina en terneros diarreicos de predios lecheros de la provincia de Valdivia. Comparar ambas pruebas diagnósticas y determinar la distribución geoespacial de las infecciones causadas por este protozoo. Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 221 muestras fecales de terneros diarreicos pertenecientes a 24 predios de la provincia de Valdivia. El procesamiento y análisis de las muestras se realizó mediante tinción de Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) y Auramina (AU); y ambas técnicas se compararon mediante la prueba estadística de McNemar y su nivel de concordancia se determinó mediante índice kappa. Se generó además un mapa para determinar la distribución geoespacial de las infecciones por Cryptosporidium. Resultados. Del total de animales muestreados, 57.9% resultaron positivos a ZN, mientras que 55.6% fueron positivo para AU. En la prueba de McNemar no hubo diferencia significativa entre los métodos diagnósticos estudiados (p>0.05), en tanto el índice kappa determinó una concordancia buena entre ambas pruebas (k=0.73). Del total de predios georeferenciados el 100% resultó positivo a la presencia del protozoo; demostrándose que ésta parasitosis tiene una amplia distribución; sin embargo, dado este factor, no fue posible determinar asociaciones geoespaciales sobre la distribución de éste. Conclusiones. La frecuencia de infección por Cryptosporidium supera el 50% en los predios lecheros de la provincia de Valdivia. No hubo diferencia entre las técnicas Ziehl-Neelsen y Auramina con resultados concordantes. Fue posible detectar que el número de predios infectados corresponde al 100% de los predios analizados.

Anisakiasis en un paciente portadora de una pequeña hernia hiatal: Caso clínico / Anisakiasis in a patient with a small hiatal hernia: Report of one case

We describe the presence of anisakiasis in a patient who had a small hiatal hernia. A 60 year-old women presented general malaise, burning pain, flatulence, persistent nausea and abdominal distension during five days before consulting. She referred that she ate a dish of marinated raw fish with lemon and pepper ("cebiche") and after a few hours the symptoms began. An esophagogastroscopy showed a white colour larva of approximately three cm with the cephalic end partially adhered and localized in the mucosa of the hiatal hernia. During the procedure the worm was easily extracted. The morphologic study of the specimen identified it as a stage IV larva of Pseudoterranova sp. The clinical condition of the patient improved after the extraction of the parasite.

[Anisakiasis in a patient with a small hiatal hernia. Report of one case]. / Anisakiasis en un paciente portadora de una pequeña hernia hiatal. Caso clínico.

We describe the presence of anisakiasis in a patient who had a small hiatal hernia. A 60 year-old women presented general malaise, burning pain, flatulence, persistent nausea and abdominal distension during five days before consulting. She referred that she ate a dish of marinated raw fish with lemon and pepper ("cebiche") and after a few hours the symptoms began. An esophagogastroscopy showed a white colour larva of approximately three cm with the cephalic end partially adhered and localized in the mucosa of the hiatal hernia. During the procedure the worm was easily extracted. The morphologic study of the specimen identified it as a stage IV larva of Pseudoterranova sp. The clinical condition of the patient improved after the extraction of the parasite.

Meacción de doble difusion en agar con deteccion del arco 5o. en el diagnostico de la hidatidosis / Double-diffusion reaction on agar with arc 5 detection i the diagnosis of hydatidosis

The performance of double-diffusion reaction on agar with arc 5 detection (DD5) in the diagnosis of hydatidosis in man is analyzed in this study. A review was made of the clinical histories of 226 patients who had been seen between 1980 and 1986 at a hospital in Santiago, Chile, with manifestations suggestive of this disease. In 98 cases the diagnosis of hydatidosis was confirmed surgically. In 55 of these cases (56.1 per cent), the DD5 was positive. The test was least sensitive for pulmonary hydatidosis (36 per cent), while the reaction was positive for 62.7 per cent of the patients with a single cyst of multiple liver cysts, and for 64.7 per cent of those who had hydatid cysts in more than one organ. In the 128 non-hydatid patients who had neoplasms, benign tumors, cirrhosis of the liver, or other diseases, no false positive results were observed when the criterion for positivity was either the presence of arc 5 or of three or more precipitation bands. According to the results of this study, the use of DD5 for the diagnosis of hydatidosis in clinically selected individuals provides a highly specific test. The positive predictive value of the test in the study was 99.1 per cent. It should also be noted, however, that negative results with DD5 do not invalidate the presence of hydatid cysts in a patient especially in pulmonary cases

Reaccion de doble difusion en agar con deteccion del arco 5o. en el diagnostico de la hidatidosis / Double-diffusion reaction on agar with arc 5 detection i the diagnosis of hydatidosis

The performance of double-diffusion reaction on agar with arc 5 detection (DD5) in the diagnosis of hydatidosis in man is analyzed in this study. A review was made of the clinical histories of 226 patients who had been seen between 1980 and 1986 at a hospital in Santiago, Chile, with manifestations suggestive of this disease. In 98 cases the diagnosis of hydatidosis was confirmed surgically. In 55 of these cases (56.1 per cent), the DD5 was positive. The test was least sensitive for pulmonary hydatidosis (36 per cent), while the reaction was positive for 62.7 per cent of the patients with a single cyst of multiple liver cysts, and for 64.7 per cent of those who had hydatid cysts in more than one organ. In the 128 non-hydatid patients who had neoplasms, benign tumors, cirrhosis of the liver, or other diseases, no false positive results were observed when the criterion for positivity was either the presence of arc 5 or of three or more precipitation bands. According to the results of this study, the use of DD5 for the diagnosis of hydatidosis in clinically selected individuals provides a highly specific test. The positive predictive value of the test in the study was 99.1 per cent. It should also be noted, however, that negative results with DD5 do not invalidate the presence of hydatid cysts in a patient especially in pulmonary cases