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O presente estudo teve como objetivo examinar os impactos de um programa de 12 semanas envol-vendo jogos e brincadeiras na cognição e no desempenho escolar de crianças. Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental, com grupos de crianças do quarto ano do ensino fundamental, com idades entre 8 e 11 anos. O "Grupo de Intervenção (n = 27)" participou das atividades de Jogos e Brincadeiras, en-quanto o "Grupo Controle (n =24)" não participou. Ambos os grupos foram submetidos a avaliações abrangendo dados de caracterização, atenção visual (TAVIS-4), flexibilidade cognitiva (Teste das Trilhas), bem como habilidades em aritmética, leitura e linguagem (Teste de Desempenho Escolar), antes e após a intervenção. O programa de intervenção estruturado a partir de jogos e brincadeiras ocorreu três vezes por semana, com duração de 50 minutos cada encontro, durante 12 semanas. Alguns exemplos de jogos e brincadeiras realizados ao longo da intervenção incluíram: "queimado xadrez", "pega-pega" e "dono da rua". Referente à análise estatística foi utilizada a ANOVA two-way para verificar a diferença entre os grupos antes e após o programa de intervenção. Os jogos e brin-cadeiras geraram efeito na diminuição dos erros por omissão no teste de atenção seletiva. Também apresentou diminuição do tempo despendido na tarefa "B" do Teste de Trilhas, além do aumento no escore Total do Teste de Desempenho Escolar. Podemos concluir que um programa de intervenção com jogos e brincadeiras gerou efeitos positivos na cognição e no desempenho escolar destas crianças
This article investigates the effects of a 12-week program involving play on the cognition and school perfor-mance of children. This was a quasi-experiment study, involving groups of fourth-grade elementary school children, aged between 8 and 11 years. The "Intervention Group (n = 27)" participated in Play activities, while the "Control Group (n = 24)" did not. Both groups were submitted to assessments encompassing demo-graphic data, visual attention (TAVIS-4), cognitive flexibility (Trails Test), as well as arithmetic, reading and language skills (School Performance Test), before and after the intervention. The structured interven-tion program based on play occurred three times a week, with each session lasting 50 minutes, over a span of 12 weeks. Some examples of games conducted during the intervention included "chess-dodgeball ", "tag" and "owner of the street". Concerning the statistical analysis, a two-way ANOVA was applied to examine differ-ences between the groups before and after the intervention program. The play activities resulted in a decrease in omission errors in the selective attention test. There was also a reduction in the time spent on Task "B" of the Trails Test, in addition to an increase in the total score of the School Performance Test. In conclusion, it can be stated that an intervention program involving play generated positive effects on the cognition and school performance of these children
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Jogos e Brinquedos , Cognição , Exercício Físico , EscolaridadeRESUMO
Exercise training and bariatric surgery have been shown to independently modulate DNA methylation profile in clusters of genes related to metabolic and inflammatory pathways. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 6-month exercise training program on DNA methylation profile in women who underwent bariatric surgery. In this exploratory, quasi-experimental study, we analyzed DNA methylation levels by array technology in eleven women who underwent Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and a 6-month, three-times-a-week, supervised exercise training program. Epigenome Wide Association Analysis showed 722 CpG sites with different methylation level equal to or greater than 5% (P < 0.01) after exercise training. Some of these CpGs sites were related to pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammation, specially Th17 cell differentiation (FDR value < 0.05 and P < 0.001). Our data showed epigenetic modification in specific CpG sites related to Th17 cell differentiation pathway in post-bariatric women following a 6-months exercise training program.
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BACKGROUND: Obesity is a disease that may involve disrupted connectivity of brain networks. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity, and the positive effects on obesity-related conditions may be enhanced by exercise. Herein, we aimed to investigate the possible synergistic effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and exercise training on brain functional networks. METHODS: Thirty women eligible for bariatric surgery were randomly assigned to a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB: n = 15, age = 41.0 ± 7.3 years) or RYGB plus Exercise Training (RYGB + ET: n = 15, age = 41.9 ± 7.2 years). Clinical, laboratory, and brain functional connectivity parameters were assessed at baseline, and 3 (POST3) and 9 months (POST9) after surgery. The 6-month, three-times-a-week, exercise intervention (resistance plus aerobic exercise) was initiated 3 months post-surgery (for RYGB + ET). RESULTS: Exercise superimposed on bariatric surgery (RYGB + ET) increased connectivity between hypothalamus and sensorial regions (seed-to-voxel analyses of hypothalamic connectivity), and decreased default mode network (DMN) and posterior salience (pSAL) network connectivity (ROI-to-ROI analyses of brain networks connectivity) when compared to RYGB alone (all p-FDR < 0.05). Increases in basal ganglia (BG) network connectivity were only observed in the exercised training group (within-group analyses). CONCLUSION: Exercise training is an important component in the management of post-bariatric patients and may improve the hypothalamic connectivity and brain functional networks that are involved in controlling food intake. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrial.gov: NCT02441361.
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Cirurgia Bariátrica , Derivação Gástrica , Obesidade Mórbida , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Exercício Físico , Obesidade/cirurgia , Encéfalo , HipotálamoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Muscle atrophy and strength loss are common adverse outcomes following bariatric surgery. This randomized, controlled trial investigated the effects of exercise training on bariatric surgery-induced loss of muscle mass and function. Additionally, we investigated the effects of the intervention on molecular and histological mediators of muscle remodelling. METHODS: Eighty women with obesity were randomly assigned to a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB: n = 40, age = 42 ± 8 years) or RYGB plus exercise training group (RYGB + ET: n = 40, age = 38 ± 7 years). Clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed at baseline, and 3 (POST3) and 9 months (POST9) after surgery. The 6 month, three-times-a-week, exercise intervention (resistance plus aerobic exercise) was initiated 3 months post-surgery (for RYGB + ET). A healthy, lean, age-matched control group was recruited to provide reference values for selected variables. RESULTS: Surgery resulted in a similar (P = 0.66) reduction in lower-limb muscle strength in RYGB and RYGB+ET (-26% vs. -31%), which was rescued to baseline values in RYGB + ET (P = 0.21 vs. baseline) but not in RYGB (P < 0.01 vs. baseline). Patients in RYGB+ET had greater absolute (214 vs. 120 kg, P < 0.01) and relative (2.4 vs. 1.4 kg/body mass, P < 0.01) muscle strength compared with RYGB alone at POST9. Exercise resulted in better performance in timed-up-and-go (6.3 vs. 7.1 s, P = 0.05) and timed-stand-test (18 vs. 14 repetitions, P < 0.01) compared with RYGB. Fat-free mass was lower (POST9-PRE) after RYBG than RYGB + ET (total: -7.9 vs. -4.9 kg, P < 0.01; lower-limb: -3.8 vs. -2.7 kg, P = 0.02). Surgery reduced Types I (~ - 21%; P = 0.99 between-group comparison) and II fibre cross-sectional areas (~ - 27%; P = 0.88 between-group comparison), which were rescued to baseline values in RYGB+ET (P > 0.05 vs. baseline) but not RYGB (P > 0.01 vs. baseline). RYGB + ET showed greater Type I (5187 vs. 3898 µm2 , P < 0.01) and Type II (5165 vs. 3565 µm2 , P < 0.01) fCSA than RYGB at POST9. RYGB + ET also resulted in increased capillarization (P < 0.01) and satellite cell content (P < 0.01) than RYGB at POST9. Gene-set normalized enrichment scores for the muscle transcriptome revealed that the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway was suppressed in RYGB + ET at POST9 vs. PRE (NES: -1.7; P < 0.01), but not in RYGB. Atrogin-1 gene expression was lower in RYGB + ET vs. RYGB at POST9 (0.18 vs. 0.71-fold change, P < 0.01). From both genotypic and phenotypic perspectives, the muscle of exercised patients resembled that of healthy lean individuals. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides compelling evidence-from gene to function-that strongly supports the incorporation of exercise into the recovery algorithm for bariatric patients so as to counteract the post-surgical loss of muscle mass and function.
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Cirurgia Bariátrica , Derivação Gástrica , Obesidade Mórbida , Adulto , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Derivação Gástrica/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , MúsculosRESUMO
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COVID-19 , Obesidade Mórbida , Exercício Físico , Humanos , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate whether the degree of weight loss properly reflects improvements in cardiometabolic health among patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. METHODS: In this ancillary analysis from a clinical trial, patients were clustered into tertiles according to the magnitude of the percentage weight loss (1st tertile: "higher weight loss": -37.1 ± 5.8%; 2nd tertile: "moderate weight loss": -29.7 ± 1.4%; 3rd tertile: "lower weight loss": -24.2 ± 2.3%). Delta changes (9 months after surgery-baseline) in clustered cardiometabolic risk (i.e., blood pressure index, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] and triglycerides [TG]), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 42 patients who had complete bodyweight data (age = 40 ± 8 year; BMI = 47.8 ± 7.1 kg/m2) were included. Surgery led to substantial weight loss (-37.9 ± 11.3 kg, P < 0,001), and clinically significant improvements in blood pressure index (-17.7 ± 8.2 mmHg, P < 0.001), fasting glucose (-36.6 ± 52.5 mg/dL, P < 0.001), HDL (9.4 ± 7.1 mg/dL, P < 0.001), TG (-35.8 ± 44.1 mg/dL P < 0,001), HbA1c (-1.2 ± 1.6%, P < 0.001), HOMA-IR (-4.7 ± 3.9 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and CRP (-8.5 ± 6.7 µg/mL P < 0.001). Comparisons across tertiles revealed no differences for cardiometabolic risk score, fasting glucose, HbAc1, HOMA-IR, blood pressure index, CRP, HDL, and TG (P > 0.05 for all). Individual variable analysis confirmed cardiometabolic improvements across the spectrum on weight-loss. There were no associations between weight loss and any dependent variable. CONCLUSION: Weight loss following bariatric surgery does not correlate with improvements in cardiovascular risk factors. These findings suggest that weight loss alone may be insufficient to assess the cardiometabolic success of bariatric surgery, and the search for alternate proxies that better predict surgery success are needed.
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BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery improves cardiovascular health, which might be partly ascribed to beneficial alterations in the autonomic nervous system. However, it is currently unknown whether benefits from surgery on cardiac autonomic regulation in post-bariatric patients can be further improved by adjuvant therapies, namely exercise. We investigated the effects of a 6-month exercise training program on cardiac autonomic responses in women undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: Sixty-two women eligible for bariatric surgery were randomly allocated to either standard of care (control) or an exercise training intervention. At baseline (PRE) and 3 (POST3) and 9 (POST9) months after surgery, we assessed chronotropic response to exercise (CR%; i.e., percentage change in heart rate from rest to peak exercise) and heart rate recovery (HRR30s, HRR60s, and HRR120s; i.e., decay of heart rate at 30, 60, and 120 s post exercise) after a maximal exercise test. RESULTS: Between-group absolute changes revealed higher CR% (Δ = 8.56%, CI95% 0.22-19.90, P = 0.04), HRR30s (Δ = 12.98 beat/min, CI95% 4.29-21.67, P = 0.01), HRR60s (Δ = 22.95 beat/min, CI95% 11.72-34.18, P = 0.01), and HRR120s (Δ = 34.54 beat/min, CI95% 19.91-49.17, P < 0.01) in the exercised vs. non-exercised group. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that exercise training enhanced the benefits of bariatric surgery on cardiac autonomic regulation. These results highlight the relevance of exercise training as a treatment for post-bariatric patients, ensuring optimal cardiovascular outcomes.
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Cirurgia Bariátrica , Obesidade Mórbida , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Teste de Esforço , Terapia por Exercício , Feminino , Coração , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgiaRESUMO
Exercise seems to enhance the beneficial effect of bariatric (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB]) surgery on insulin resistance. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling may underlie these benefits. Women were randomized to either a combined aerobic and resistance exercise training program following RYGB (RYGB + ET) or standard of care (RYGB). Insulin sensitivity was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test. Muscle biopsy specimens were obtained at baseline and 3 and 9 months after surgery and subjected to comprehensive phenotyping, transcriptome profiling, molecular pathway identification, and validation in vitro. Exercise training improved insulin sensitivity beyond surgery alone (e.g., Matsuda index: RYGB 123% vs. RYGB + ET 325%; P ≤ 0.0001). ECM remodeling was reduced by surgery alone, with an additive benefit of surgery and exercise training (e.g., collagen I: RYGB -41% vs. RYGB + ET -76%; P ≤ 0.0001). Exercise and RYGB had an additive effect on enhancing insulin sensitivity, but surgery alone did not resolve insulin resistance and ECM remodeling. We identified candidates modulated by exercise training that may become therapeutic targets for treating insulin resistance, in particular, the transforming growth factor-ß1/SMAD 2/3 pathway and its antagonist follistatin. Exercise-induced increases in insulin sensitivity after bariatric surgery are at least partially mediated by muscle ECM remodeling.
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Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Animais , Western Blotting , Linhagem Celular , Biologia Computacional , Camundongos , Mioblastos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
CONTEXT: Bone loss after bariatric surgery potentially could be mitigated by exercise. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of exercise training (ET) in attenuating bariatric surgery-induced bone loss. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Referral center for bariatric surgery. PATIENTS: Seventy women with severe obesity, aged 25 to 55 years, who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). INTERVENTION: Supervised, 6-month, ET program after RYGB vs. standard of care (RYGB only). OUTCOMES: Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was the primary outcome. Bone microarchitecture, bone turnover, and biochemical markers were secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Surgery significantly decreased femoral neck, total hip, distal radius, and whole body aBMD (P < 0.001); and increased bone turnover markers, including collagen type I C-telopeptide (CTX), procollagen type I N-propeptide (P1NP), sclerostin, and osteopontin (P < 0.05). Compared with RYGB only, exercise mitigated the percent loss of aBMD at femoral neck [estimated mean difference (EMD), -2.91%; P = 0.007;], total hip (EMD, -2.26%; P = 0.009), distal radius (EMD, -1.87%; P = 0.038), and cortical volumetric bone mineral density at distal radius (EMD, -2.09%; P = 0.024). Exercise also attenuated CTX (EMD, -0.20 ng/mL; P = 0.002), P1NP (EMD, -17.59 ng/mL; P = 0.024), and sclerostin levels (EMD, -610 pg/mL; P = 0.046) in comparison with RYGB. Exercise did not affect biochemical markers (e.g., 25(OH)D, calcium, intact PTH, phosphorus, and magnesium). CONCLUSION: Exercise mitigated bariatric surgery-induced bone loss, possibly through mechanisms involving suppression in bone turnover and sclerostin. Exercise should be incorporated in postsurgery care to preserve bone mass.
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Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/prevenção & controle , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Derivação Gástrica , Obesidade/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Adulto , Densidade Óssea , Remodelação Óssea , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Osso Cortical/diagnóstico por imagem , Osso Cortical/patologia , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Colo do Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tamanho do Órgão , Osteopontina/metabolismo , Ossos Pélvicos/diagnóstico por imagem , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Pró-Colágeno/metabolismo , Rádio (Anatomia)/diagnóstico por imagemAssuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica/tendências , Endotélio Vascular/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Adulto , Índice Tornozelo-Braço/tendências , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo/fisiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade Mórbida/epidemiologia , Obesidade Mórbida/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Introdução: Entender o papel do exercício para a cognição de crianças tornou-se fundamental, pois na fase escolar a criança se encontra em amplo desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Investigar a associação da aptidão aeróbia com atenção visual e desempenho escolar em crianças saudáveis. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, composto por 51 crianças com idade entre 7 a 12 anos de ambos os sexos. A aptidão aeróbia foi obtida a partir do teste de 6 minutos da bateria PROESP-BR. Para as mensurações da atenção visual e do desempenho acadêmico foram utilizados os Testes de Atenção Visual (TAVIS-4) e de Desempenho Escolar (TDE), respectivamente. Para correlação entre os valores das variáveis foi utilizada a correlação de Pearson. Resultados: Observou-se que uma maior aptidão aeróbia não se relaciona com melhores desempenhos em testes de atenção e desempenho escolar. Conclusão: Os achados sugerem que níveis insuficientes de aptidão aeróbia parecem não influenciar a cognição de crianças saudáveis.
Introduction: Understanding the role of exercise in the cognition of children has become fundamental, because in the school stage the child is in wide development. Objective: Investigate the association of aerobic fitness with visual attention and school performance in healthy children. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 51 children aged 7 to 12 years of both sexes. The aerobic fitness was obtained from the 6-minute PROESP-BR battery test. Visual Attention Testing (TAVIS-4) and School Performance Test (SPT), respectively, were used to measure visual attention and academic performance. Pearson's correlation was used to correlate the values of the variables. Results: It was observed that greater aerobic fitness is not related to better performance in school attendance and performance tests. Conclusion: The findings suggest that insufficient levels of aerobic fitness do not seem to influence the cognition of healthy children.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Atenção , Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Desempenho Psicomotor , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
It has been hypothesized that dietary creatine could influence cognitive performance by increasing brain creatine in developing individuals. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, proof-of-principle study aimed to investigate the effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function and brain creatine content in healthy youth. The sample comprised 67 healthy participants aged 10 to 12 years. The participants were given creatine or placebo supplementation for 7 days. At baseline and after the intervention, participants undertook a battery of cognitive tests. In a random subsample of participants, brain creatine content was also assessed in the regions of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left hippocampus, and occipital lobe by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) technique. The scores obtained from verbal learning and executive functions tests did not significantly differ between groups at baseline or after the intervention (all p > 0.05). Creatine content was not significantly different between groups in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left hippocampus, and occipital lobe (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, a 7-day creatine supplementation protocol did not elicit improvements in brain creatine content or cognitive performance in healthy youth, suggesting that this population mainly relies on brain creatine synthesis rather than exogenous creatine intake to maintain brain creatine homeostasis.
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Encéfalo/metabolismo , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Cognição , Creatina/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Modelos Neurológicos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Brasil , Criança , Creatina/metabolismo , Método Duplo-Cego , Função Executiva , Feminino , Neuroimagem Funcional , Hipocampo/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Lobo Occipital/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Occipital/metabolismo , Substâncias para Melhoria do Desempenho/administração & dosagem , Córtex Pré-Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
Embora um crescente corpo de literatura corrobore o papel benéfico do exercício sobre a cognição, não há consenso sobre os mecanismos que norteiam as adaptações cerebrais agudas e crônicas ao exercício. A presente revisão narrativa tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir os mecanismos pelos quais o exercício afeta o desempenho cognitivo. Agudamente, especula-se que os efeitos do exercício sobre a resposta cognitiva sejam mediados por aumentos no fluxo sanguíneo cerebral e, por conseguinte, no aporte de nutrientes, ou por um aumento na atividade de neurotransmissores. Cronicamente, especula-se que o exercício possa promover adaptações em estruturas cerebrais e plasticidade sináptica que culminariam com melhoras cognitivas. Tais hipóteses são discutidas à luz das evidências científicas disponíveis, tanto em modelos animais quanto em humanos.
Although a growing body of literature has supported the beneficial role of exercise on cognition, there is no consensus on the mechanisms underlying acute and chronic cerebral adaptations to exercise. The present review aims to present and discuss the mechanisms by which exercise affects cognitive performance. It has been speculated that the acute effects of exercise on cognitive response may be mediated by increases in cerebral blood flow and, hence, in nutrient availability, or by increases in neurotransmitter activity. It has been also postulated that chronic exercise may induce adaptations in brain structures and the synaptic plasticity, which would result in cognitive improvements. These hypotheses are discussed in light of available scientific evidence in animal models and humans.
Aunque un creciente cuerpo de literatura corrobore el papel benéfico del ejercicio sobre la cognición, no hay consenso sobre los mecanismos que nortean las adaptaciones cerebrales agudas y crónicas al ejercicio. La presente revisión narrativa tiene como objetivo presentar y discutir los mecanismos por los cuales el ejercicio afecta el desempeño cognitivo. Agudamente, se especula que los efectos del ejercicio sobre la respuesta cognitiva sean mediados por aumentos en el flujo sanguíneo cerebral y, por consiguiente, en el aporte de nutrientes, o por un aumento en la actividad de neurotransmisores. Crónicamente, se especula que el ejercicio pueda promover adaptaciones en estructuras cerebrales y plasticidad sináptica que culminarían con mejoras cognitivas. Tales hipótesis son discutidas a la luz de las evidencias científicas disponibles, tanto en modelos animales como en humanos.
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O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de creatina associada ou não ao treinamento de força sobre a peroxidação lipídica em mulheres idosas. Foi conduzido um estudo clínico, randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo, no qual mulheres idosas foram randomizadas para compor quatro grupos: 1) suplementação com placebo (PL; n = 10); 2) suplementação com creatina (CR; n = 10); 3) suplementação com placebo associado ao treinamento de força (PL+TR; n = 6); e 4) suplementação com creatina associado ao treinamento de força (CR+TR; n = 8). Antes (PRE) e após 24 semanas (POS) de intervenção, foram coletadas amostras de sangue para posterior análise das concentrações plasmáticas de hidroperóxidos lipídicos por espectrofotometria. Nenhuma diferença estatística foi observada na concentração de hidroperóxidos lipídicos entre os grupos (PL: PRE = 48,7 ± 36,9; POS = 29,3 ± 18,8; delta = -13,0 ± 26,8; CR: PRE = 51,0 ± 46,0; POS = 54,2 ± 51,6; delta = -8,6 ± 30,2; PL+TR: PRE = 33,0 ± 11,2; POS = 47,3 ± 31,6; Δ = 14,3 ± 39,2; CR+TR: PRE = 18,5 ± 10,1; POS = 28,1 ± 17,9; delta = 9,7 ± 16,4 pmol.mg-1 de proteína total; p = 0,17). A suplementação de creatina associada ou não ao treinamento de força não afetou a peroxidação lipídica, um importante marcador de estresse oxidativo no plasma, em mulheres idosas.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of creatine supplementation associated or not with strength training upon lipid peroxidation in older women. This was a clinical, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Older women were randomly allocated into four groups: 1) placebo supplementation (PL, n = 10), 2) creatine supplementation (CR; n = 10), 3) placebo supplementation associated with strength training (PL + RT, n = 6) and 4) creatine supplementation associated with strength training (CR + RT, n = 8). Before (PRE) and after 24 weeks (POST), blood samples were collected to measure lipid hydroperoxides concentration by spectrophotometry. No statistical difference was observed on the lipid hydroperoxides concentration between groups (PL: PRE = 48.7 ± 36.9; POST = 29.3 ± 18.8; Δ = -13.0 ± 26.8; CR : PRE = 51.0 ± 46.0; POST = 54.2 ± 51.6; Δ = -8.6 ± 30.2; + PL TR: PRE = 33.0 ± 11.2; POST = 47.3 ± 31.6, Δ = 14.3 ± 39.2; CR + TR: PRE = 18.5 ± 10.1; POST = 28.1 ± 17.9, Δ = 9.7 ± 16.4 pmol.mg-1 of total protein, p = 0.17). Creatine supplementation associated or not with strength training did not affect the lipid peroxidation, an important plasmatic marker of oxidative stress, in elderly women.
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Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Envelhecimento , Creatina , Exercício Físico , Radicais Livres , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Estresse OxidativoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the effects of creatine supplementation, associated or not with strength training, upon emotional and cognitive measures in older woman. METHODS: This is a 24-week, parallel-group, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The individuals were randomly allocated into one of the following groups (n=14 each): 1) placebo, 2) creatine supplementation, 3) placebo associated with strength training or 4) creatine supplementation associated with strength training. According to their allocation, the participants were given creatine (4 x 5 g/d for 5 days followed by 5 g/d) or placebo (dextrose at the same dosage) and were strength trained or not. Cognitive function, assessed by a comprehensive battery of tests involving memory, selective attention, and inhibitory control, and emotional measures, assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale, were evaluated at baseline, after 12 and 24 weeks of the intervention. Muscle strength and food intake were evaluated at baseline and after 24 weeks. RESULTS: After the 24-week intervention, both training groups (ingesting creatine supplementation and placebo) had significant reductions on the Geriatric Depression Scale scores when compared with the non-trained placebo group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively) and the non-trained creatine group (p < 0.001 for both comparison). However, no significant differences were observed between the non-trained placebo and creatine (p = 0.60) groups, or between the trained placebo and creatine groups (p = 0.83). Both trained groups, irrespective of creatine supplementation, had better muscle strength performance than the non-trained groups. Neither strength training nor creatine supplementation altered any parameter of cognitive performance. Food intake remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: Creatine supplementation did not promote any significant change in cognitive function and emotional parameters in apparently healthy older individuals. In addition, strength training per se improved emotional state and muscle strength, but not cognition, with no additive effects of creatine supplementation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01164020.
Assuntos
Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Creatina/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Emoções/efeitos dos fármacos , Treinamento Resistido , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Creatina/efeitos adversos , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Adesão à Medicação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Força Muscular , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Autorrelato , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a associação da atividade física de lazer sobre o desempenho cognitivo em crianças saudáveis. Foi conduzido um estudo transversal, no qual 100 crianças (10,8 ± 0,6 anos) foram divididas em dois grupos: "Insuficientemente Ativos" (IA) e "Ativos" (A). O desempenho cognitivo foi avaliado pelo Teste de Memória e Aprendizagem de Figuras, o Teste de Stroop e o Teste de Trilhas. Foi observada uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos para a condição de memória incidental do Teste de Memória e Aprendizagem de Figuras (IA: 6,6 ± 1,37 versus A: 7,1 ± 1,24; p = 0,03). Entretanto, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos para todas as outras variáveis. Esses achados revelam uma influência positiva da atividade física de lazer sobre a memória incidental de crianças saudáveis, mas não a memória tardia, a flexibilidade mental e o controle inibitório. Estudos com maiores amostras e medidas diretas de avaliação de nível de atividade física precisam ser conduzidos para confirmar esses achados...
The aim of this study was to assess the association of leisure physical activity on cognitive performance in healthy children. It was performed a cross-sectional study in which 100 children (10.8 ± 0.6 years of age) were divided into two groups as follows: "Insufficiently actives" (IA) and "Actives" (A). The cognitive performance was assessed by Memory and Learning of Figure Test, Stroop Test, Trail Making Test. It was observed a significant difference between groups for an incidental memory task from Memory and Learning of Figure Test (IA: 6.6 ± 1.4 versus A: 7.1 ± 1.2; p = 0.03). However, no significant differences were noted for any other variables. These findings reveal a positive influence of leisure physical activity on the incidental memory, but not long-term memory, mental flexibility, and inhibitory control in healthy children. Future studies with larger samples and direct measures of physical activity levels must be conducted to confirm these results...