Absceso frío estafilocócico en un neonato / Staphylococcal cold abscess in a neonate

El absceso frío estafilocócico neonatal es una patología infecciosa localizada que ocurre en periodo neonatal con evolución benigna y de la cual hay pocas referencias en la bibliografía. Se presenta un caso para dar a conocer esta patología (AU)

Neonatal staphylococcal cold abscess refers to a local manifestation of infectious disease that occurs in the neonatal period and has favourable outcomes, on which there is currently a dearth of evidence. We present one case to contribute to the knowledge of this pathology. (AU)

Propuesta de abordaje y organización de las consultas de Pediatría de Atención Primaria en la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 (otoño-invierno 2020-2021) / Proposal for the approach and organization of the pediatric consultations of Primary Care in the pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2 (autumn-winter 2020-2021)

La Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (AEPap) ha elaborado un documento con propuestas para la organización de las consultas de Atención Primaria en la próxima temporada invernal, y así poder garantizar la atención a los pacientes pediátricos, con y sin sospecha de infección por SARS-CoV-2. En dicho documento se insiste en la importancia de que la primera valoración del paciente sea telefónica para orientar a las familias sobre la idoneidad de una visita telemática o de una visita presencial y, en caso de ser así, recibir indicaciones sobre la zona del centro de salud y horario de atención en función de los síntomas, para mantener las medidas de protección y seguridad, tanto del paciente como del personal sanitario. AEPap y SEPEAP proponen que en los centros de salud se organicen dos circuitos, uno para atender pacientes con sospecha de infección por SARS-CoV-2 y otro circuito para valorar el resto de las patologías y llevar a cabo el Programa de Salud Infantil (PSI). Para ello, también insta a las Administraciones públicas a mejorar las herramientas de la telemedicina para garantizar el intercambio seguro de información y así poder realizar consultas no presenciales para evitar contagios en el centro sanitario, dotar a los centros de salud de personal sanitario, administrativo y de limpieza suficiente. También es muy importante que los profesionales sanitarios dispongan de técnicas diagnósticas para descartar las infecciones pediátricas más frecuente en época invernal (rinovirus, virus respiratorio sincitial, gripe, rotavirus) y agilizar el resultado de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para COVID-19 y así evitar aislamientos innecesarios

The Spanish Association of Primary Care Pediatrics (AEPap), has prepared a document with proposals for the organization of primary care consultations in the next winter season, and thus be able to guarantee care for pediatric patients, with and without suspected infection by SARS-CoV-2. This document insists on the importance that the first assessment of the patient is by telephone to guide families on the suitability of a telematic visit or a face-to-face visit and, if so, receive instructions on the area of the health center and hours of attention based on symptoms, to maintain protection and safety measures for both the patient and the health personnel. The AEPap and the SEPEAP propose to organize two circuits in health centers, one to evaluate patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection and another circuit to assess the rest of the pathologies and carry out the Children's Health Program. For this, it also urges public administrations to improve telemedicine tools to guarantee the safe exchange of information and thus be able to carry out non-face-to-face consultations to avoid infections in the health center, provide health centers with health, administrative, cleaning and medical personnel sufficient. It is also very important that healthcare professionals have diagnostic techniques to rule out the most frequent pediatric infections in winter (rhinovirus, RSV, flu, rotavirus) and speed up the PCR result for Covid-19 and thus avoid unnecessary isolations

Uso de nuevas tecnologías en la comunicación con los pacientes, su utilidad y sus riesgos / Use of new technologies for communicating with patients: Their usefulness and their risks

No disponible

[Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics: 2020 recommendations]. / Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría: recomendaciones 2020.

The CAV-AEP annually publishes the immunisation schedule considered optimal for all children resident in Spain, taking into account the available evidence. The 2+1 schedule is recommended (2, 4, and 11 months) with hexavalent vaccines (DTPa-VPI-Hib-HB) and with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate. A 6-year booster is recommended, preferably with DTPa (if available), with a dose of polio for those who received 2+1 schemes, as well as vaccination with Tdpa in adolescents and in each pregnancy, preferably between 27 and 32 weeks. Rotavirus vaccine should be systematic for all infants. Meningococcal B vaccine, with a 2+1 schedule, should be included in routine calendar. In addition to the inclusion of the conjugated tetravalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY) at 12 years of age with catch up to 18 years, inclusive, the CAV recommends this vaccine to be also included at 12 months of age, replacing MenC. Likewise, it is recommended in those over 6 weeks of age with risk factors or who travel to countries with a high incidence of these serogroups. Two-dose schedules for MMR (12 months and 3-4 years) and varicella (15 months and 3-4 years) will be used. The second dose could be applied as a tetraviral vaccine. Universal systematic vaccination against HPV is recommended, both for girls and boys, preferably at 12 years, and greater effort should be made to improve coverage. The 9 genotype extends coverage for both genders.

Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría: recomendaciones 2020 / Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics: 2020 recommendations

El CAV-AEP publica anualmente el calendario de vacunaciones que estima idóneo para los niños residentes en España, teniendo en cuenta la evidencia científica disponible. Se mantiene el esquema 2 + 1 (2, 4 y 11 meses) con vacunas hexavalentes (DTPa-VPI-Hib-HB) y con antineumocócica conjugada 13-valente. Se aconseja un refuerzo a los 6 años, preferentemente con DTPa (si está disponible), junto a una dosis de polio para aquellos que recibieron esquemas 2 + 1, así como vacunación con Tdpa en adolescentes y en cada embarazo, preferentemente entre las 27 y las 32 semanas. La vacuna del rotavirus debería ser sistemática para todos los lactantes. Se sigue proponiendo la incorporación en el calendario de la vacuna antimeningocócica B, con esquema 2 + 1 en lactantes. Además de la inclusión de la vacuna antimeningocócica conjugada tetravalente (MenACWY) a los 12 años con rescate hasta los 18 años, inclusive, el CAV recomienda que esta vacuna sea introducida también a los 12 meses de edad, sustituyendo a MenC. Igualmente, se recomienda en los mayores de 6 semanas de edad con factores de riesgo o que viajen a países de elevada incidencia de estos serogrupos. Se emplearán esquemas de 2 dosis para triple vírica (12 meses y 3-4 años) y varicela (15 meses y 3-4 años). La segunda dosis se podría aplicar como vacuna tetravírica. Se recomienda la vacunación sistemática universal frente al VPH, tanto a chicas como a chicos, preferentemente a los 12 años, debiendo realizar un mayor esfuerzo para mejorar las coberturas. La de 9 genotipos amplía la cobertura para ambos sexos

The CAV-AEP annually publishes the immunisation schedule considered optimal for all children resident in Spain, taking into account the available evidence. The 2 + 1 schedule is recommended (2, 4, and 11 months) with hexavalent vaccines (DTPa-VPI-Hib-HB) and with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate. A 6-year booster is recommended, preferably with DTPa (if available), with a dose of polio for those who received 2 + 1 schemes, as well as vaccination with Tdpa in adolescents and in each pregnancy, preferably between 27 and 32 weeks. Rotavirus vaccine should be systematic for all infants. Meningococcal B vaccine, with a 2+1 schedule, should be included in routine calendar. In addition to the inclusion of the conjugated tetravalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY) at 12 years of age with catch up to 18 years, inclusive, the CAV recommends this vaccine to be also included at 12 months of age, replacing MenC. Likewise, it is recommended in those over 6 weeks of age with risk factors or who travel to countries with a high incidence of these serogroups. Two-dose schedules for MMR (12 months and 3-4 years) and varicella (15 months and 3-4 years) will be used. The second dose could be applied as a tetraviral vaccine. Universal systematic vaccination against HPV is recommended, both for girls and boys, preferably at 12 years, and greater effort should be made to improve coverage. The 9 genotype extends coverage for both genders

Apoyo a la lactancia materna en Atención Primaria / Support for breastfeeding in Primary Care

La leche humana se reconoce como el alimento idóneo para todos los niños por sus probados beneficios en la salud de la madre y del niño. La Organización Mundial de la Salud recomienda la lactancia materna exclusiva durante los primeros seis meses de la vida y, al menos hasta los dos años, complementada con otros alimentos. Esta recomendación se extiende a los recién nacidos enfermos y prematuros, salvo raras excepciones. Las pruebas sobre el efecto protector de la lactancia materna en la salud del niño y de la madre son muy robustas en relación con catorce enfermedades, nueve infantiles y cinco maternas. El apoyo a la lactancia materna desde Atención Primaria tiene un efecto favorable y consistente, con un riesgo de efectos adversos mínimo y que precisa una disponibilidad de recursos asumibles. En los centros de salud se sugiere implantar las prácticas recomendadas por la Academia Americana de Pediatría o los siete pasos de la Iniciativa de Humanización de la Asistencia al Nacimiento y Lactancia para prolongar la lactancia materna. Se sugiere formar a los médicos en lactancia materna, implicar a enfermeras consultoras en lactancia y favorecer el apoyo entre pares para prolongar la lactancia materna

Human milk is recognized as the ideal nourishment for all children due to its proven health benefits for mother and child. World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life and, at least until two years, complemented with other foods. This recommendation extends to sick and preterm newborns, with rare exceptions. Proofs on the protecting effect of breastfeeding for child and mother health are very robust relating to fourteen diseases: nine child diseases and five mother diseases. Support to breastfeeding in Primary Care has a favourable and consistent effect, with a minimum risk of adverse events and it requires affordable resources. It is suggested to implement in Primary Care Centers the recommended practices of the American Academy of Pediatrics or the 7 steps of Initiative Humanisation of Attendance to Birth and breastfeeding to prolong breastfeeding. It is suggested to train physicians in breastfeeding, involve breastfeeding consultant nurses and promote the peers' support to prolong breastfeeding

Cribado de la hipoacusia (parte 2) / Hearing loss screening (part 2)

El proceso por el que aprendemos y desarrollamos el lenguaje de forma natural es a través de la audición. La hipoacusia en la primera infancia limitará los estímulos auditivos y afectará significativamente al desarrollo del lenguaje y el habla, además de restringir el vínculo con el mundo que nos rodea. En los lactantes y niños pequeños, la detección y el tratamiento precoces de la hipoacusia puede mejorar los resultados lingüísticos y escolares. En ausencia de cribado, la edad media a la que se confirma el diagnóstico de hipoacusia congénita en niños sin factores de riesgo está en torno a los 2-3 años. Los programas de cribado auditivo neonatal universal se han extendido ampliamente, a pesar de la falta de pruebas sólidas que avalen su eficacia y coste-efectividad. En el presente trabajo, que se ha dividido en dos partes, los autores exponen el tema de forma exhaustiva, con sus controversias y claroscuros, para finalmente pronunciarse sobre recomendaciones que el grupo PrevInfad ha consensuado para la consulta de los pediatras en Atención Primaria

The process of learning and developing our language in a natural way is through hearing. Infancy hearing loss will limit auditory stimuli and will significantly harm language and speech development and will narrow the bonds with the world around. In infants and small children, early hearing loss detection and treatment can improve language and school performance. In the absence of screening, medium age of congenital hearing loss diagnosis in children without risk factors is around 2-3 years. Universal new-born hearing screening has spread widely despite the lack of solid evidence supporting its effectivity and cost- efficiency. In this paper, which has been divided in two parts, the author thoroughly describes the topic, with its controversy and nuances, and finally declares on the recommendations that PrevInfad group have agreed for primary care pediatricians

[Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics: 2019 recommendations]. / Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría: recomendaciones 2019.

The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics annually publishes the immunisation schedule considered optimal for children resident in Spain, according to available evidence on current vaccines. As regards funded immunisations, the 2+1 strategy (2, 4, 11 months) with hexavalent (DTPa-IPV-Hib-HB) and 13-valent pneumococcal vaccines are recommended. Administration of the 6-year booster dose with DTPa is recommended, with a poliomyelitis dose for children who had received the 2+1 scheme, as well as Tdap vaccine for adolescents and pregnant women in every pregnancy between 27 and 32 weeks gestation. The 2-dose scheme should be used for MMR (12 months and 3-4 years) and varicella (15 months and 3-4 years). MMRV vaccine could be applied as the second dose. Vaccination against HPV is recommended in both genders, preferably at 12 years of age. A stronger effort should be made to improve vaccination coverage. The new 9-valent vaccine is now available, expanding the coverage for both genders. Tetravalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY) is recommended at 12 months and 12-14 years, with a catch-up up at 19 years of age. It is also recommended in infants older than 6 weeks of age with risk factors, or travellers to countries with high incidence of ACWY meningococcal serogroups. As regards non-funded immunisations, it is recommended meningococcal B vaccination, with a 2+1 schedule, and requests that it be included in the National Immunisation Program. Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended in all infants.

Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría: recomendaciones 2019 / Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics: 2019 recommendations

El Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría publica anualmente el calendario de vacunaciones que estima idóneo para los niños residentes en España, teniendo en cuenta la evidencia disponible. En cuanto a las vacunas financiadas, se recomienda emplear el esquema 2 + 1 (2, 4 y 11 meses) con vacunas hexavalentes (DTPa-VPI-Hib-HB) y con antineumocócica conjugada 13-valente. Se aconseja un refuerzo a los 6 años, preferentemente con DTPa, junto con una dosis de polio para aquellos que recibieron esquemas 2 + 1, así como vacunación con Tdpa en adolescentes y en cada embarazo, entre la semana 27 y la 32. Se emplearán esquemas de 2 dosis para triple vírica (12 meses y 3-4 años) y varicela (15 meses y 3-4 años). La segunda dosis se podría aplicar como vacuna tetravírica. Se recomienda vacunación sistemática universal frente al VPH, tanto a chicas como a chicos, preferentemente a los 12 años, debiéndose realizar un mayor esfuerzo para mejorar las coberturas. La nueva vacuna de 9 genotipos amplía la cobertura para ambos sexos. Se recomienda que la vacuna antimeningocócica conjugada tetravalente (MenACWY) se introduzca en el calendario financiado a los 12 meses y a los 12-14 años, aconsejándose un rescate hasta los 19 años. Igualmente, se recomienda en los mayores de 6 semanas de edad con factores de riesgo o que viajen a países de elevada incidencia de estos serogrupos. Respecto a las vacunas no financiadas, se recomienda la antimeningocócica B, con esquema 2 + 1, solicitando su entrada en el calendario. Es recomendable vacunar a todos los lactantes frente al rotavirus

The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics annually publishes the immunisation schedule considered optimal for children resident in Spain, according to available evidence on current vaccines. As regards funded immunisations, the 2 + 1 strategy (2, 4, 11 months) with hexavalent (DTPa-IPV-Hib-HB) and 13-valent pneumococcal vaccines are recommended. Administration of the 6-year booster dose with DTPa is recommended, with a poliomyelitis dose for children who had received the 2 + 1 scheme, as well as Tdap vaccine for adolescents and pregnant women in every pregnancy between 27 and 32 weeks gestation. The 2-dose scheme should be used for MMR (12 months and 3-4 years) and varicella (15 months and 3-4 years). MMRV vaccine could be applied as the second dose. Vaccination against HPV is recommended in both genders, preferably at 12 years of age. A stronger effort should be made to improve vaccination coverage. The new 9-valent vaccine is now available, expanding the coverage for both genders. Tetravalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY) is recommended at 12 months and 12-14 years, with a catch-up up at 19 years of age. It is also recommended in infants older than 6 weeks of age with risk factors, or travellers to countries with high incidence of ACWY meningococcal serogroups. As regards non-funded immunisations, it is recommended meningococcal B vaccination, with a 2 + 1 schedule, and requests that it be included in the National Immunisation Program. Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended in all infants

Cribado de la hipoacusia (parte 1) / Hearing loss screening (part 1)

El proceso por el que aprendemos y desarrollamos el lenguaje de forma natural es a través de la audición. La hipoacusia en la primera infancia limitará los estímulos auditivos y afectará significativamente al desarrollo del lenguaje y el habla, además de restringir el vínculo con el mundo que nos rodea. En los lactantes y niños pequeños, la detección y el tratamiento precoces de la hipoacusia pueden mejorar los resultados lingüísticos y escolares. En ausencia de cribado, la edad media a la que se confirma el diagnóstico de hipoacusia congénita en niños sin factores de riesgo está en torno a los 2-3 años. Los programas de cribado auditivo neonatal universal se han extendido ampliamente a pesar de la falta de pruebas sólidas que avalen su eficacia y coste-efectividad. En el presente trabajo, que se ha dividido en dos partes, el autor expone el tema de forma exhaustiva, con sus controversias y claroscuros, para finalmente pronunciarse sobre recomendaciones que el grupo PrevInfad ha consensuado para la consulta de los pediatras en Atención Primaria

The process of learning and developing our language in a natural way is through hearing. Infancy hearing loss will limit auditory stimuli and will significantly harm language and speech development and will narrow the bonds with the world around. In infants and small children, early hearing loss detection and treatment can improve language and school performance. In the absence of screening, medium age of congenital hearing loss diagnosis in children without risk factors is around 2-3 years. Universal new-born hearing screening has spread widely despite the lack of solid evidence supporting its effectivity and cost- efficiency. In this paper, that has been divided in two parts, the author thoroughly describes the topic, with its controversy and nuances, and finally declares on the recommendations that PrevInfad group have agreed for primary care paediatricians

Detección precoz de los trastornos del desarrollo (parte 2): trastornos del espectro autista / Early detection of developmental disorders (part 2): autistic spectrum disorders

El autismo o trastorno del espectro autista es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo de base genética que consiste en la afectación de dos ejes mayores de la conducta: comunicación e interacción social y patrones de conducta repetitivos con intereses restrictivos. El cribado masivo de los trastornos del espectro autista para población de bajo riesgo daría lugar a un valor predictivo positivo estimado en nuestro medio de alrededor del 38%, con un exceso de derivación a servicios especializados y efecto de etiquetado sobre los pacientes. Se considera más adecuado el cribado en población de riesgo o ante la sospecha por parte de padres o profesionales. Recomendaciones de PrevInfad: 1) se sugiere no hacer cribado universal con escalas de tipo M-CHAT y variantes; 2) se propone hacer cribado con escalas tipo M-CHAT/R/F en individuos de alto riesgo

Autism or autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopment disorder, genetically based, that affects the two major exes of behaviour: communication and social interaction and repetitive patrons of behaviour with restrictive interests. ASD mass screening, in a low risk population, would produce a low positive predictive value of around 38%, with an excess of referrals to specialised services and label effect on patients. Screening on population at risk or under parents or professionals concern is considered more appropriate. PrevInfad recommendations: 1) we suggest not to do universal screening using scales such as M-CHAT and variations; 2) we recommend doing screening using scales such as M-CHAT to high risk individuals

Resumen infancia y adolescencia. Actualización PAPPS 2018 / No disponible

No disponible

Detección precoz de los trastornos del desarrollo (parte 1) / Early detection of developmental disorders (part 1)

El término trastorno del desarrollo es un concepto amplio dentro del cual se incluyen los trastornos del espectro autista. A efectos prácticos, abordaremos en este artículo la detección precoz de los trastornos del desarrollo y en un segundo artículo la de los trastornos del espectro autista. El trastorno del desarrollo se define como toda desviación en el neurodesarrollo por debajo de -1,5 desviaciones estándar de la media esperada para la edad. Es una limitación en el funcionamiento cognitivo o adaptativo que se inicia en la infancia y produce alteraciones de conducta en el hogar, la escuela o la comunidad, o un déficit intelectual que puede manifestarse como retraso del lenguaje, trastornos en el aprendizaje, en el razonamiento o en el juicio práctico, en la capacidad para solucionar problemas o una incapacidad para el razonamiento abstracto. En los últimos años, distintos grupos de expertos han enfatizado la importancia del diagnóstico precoz de los trastornos del espectro autista y de todos los trastornos del desarrollo en general. Esta recomendación obedece a la importancia del inicio temprano de las terapias encaminadas a mejorar los trastornos del desarrollo. En este documento y en el que se publicará, como colaboración del grupo PrevInfad, en un próximo número de la revista, el autor analiza la evidencia sobre el tema y el grupo se pronuncia sobre las recomendaciones en el cribado de los trastornos del desarrollo y de los trastornos del espectro autista

The expression development disorder is a wide concept that includes autism spectrum disorders. In this paper we will address the early detection of development disorders and in a second paper the autism spectrum disorders early detection. Development disorder is defined as any deviation in neurodevelopment below -1.5 standard deviations from the mean expected for the age. It is a limitation in the cognitive or adaptive functioning that starts in infancy and childhood and produces behavior disorders at home, school, or community. It can be also an intellectual handicap that can manifest as a language delay, or learning, reasoning or practical judgement disabilities, problem solution capacity impairment or abstract reasoning incapacity. In the last years, several expert groups have stressed the importance of the early detection of autism spectrum disorders and of all the development disorders in general. This recommendation in due to the relevance of the early start of therapies devoted to improving development disorders. In this paper and in the second one, that will be published in a next issue of this journal as the PrevInfad group collaboration, the author analyses the evidence and the group positions on the recommendations for the screening of development disorders and autism spectrum disorders

[Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics: 2018 recommendations]. / Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (CAV-AEP): recomendaciones 2018.

The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics annually publishes the immunisation schedule considered optimal for children resident in Spain, according to available evidence on current vaccines. Regarding funded immunisations, 2+1 strategy (2, 4, 11-12 months) with hexavalent (DTPa-IPV-Hib-HB) and 13-valent pneumococcal vaccines are recommended. Administration of the 6-year booster dose with DTPa is recommended, and a poliomyelitis dose for children who had received the 2+1 scheme, as well as Tdap vaccine for adolescents and pregnant women in every pregnancy between 27 and 32 weeks' gestation. The two-dose scheme should be used for MMR (12 months and 2-4 years) and varicella (15 months and 2-4 years). MMRV vaccine could be applied as the second dose if available. Coverage of human papillomavirus vaccination in girls aged 12 with a two dose scheme (0, 6 months) should be improved. Information and recommendation for male adolescents about potential beneficial effects of this immunisation should be provided as well. The new 9 genotypes vaccine is now available, expanding the coverage for both gender. Regarding non-funded immunisations, Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics recommends meningococcal B vaccination, with a 3+1 schedule, and requests to be included in the National Immunisation Program. Tetravalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY) is recommended to adolescents (14-18 years) who are going to live in countries with systematic vaccination against ACWY serogroups, and people >6 weeks of age with risk factors or travellers to countries with very high incidence. Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended in all infants.

Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (CAV-AEP): recomendaciones 2018 / Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics: 2018 recommendations

El Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría publica anualmente el calendario de vacunaciones que estima idóneo para los niños residentes en España, teniendo en cuenta la evidencia disponible. En cuanto a las vacunas financiadas, se recomienda emplear el esquema 2+1 (2, 4 y 11-12 meses) con vacunas hexavalentes (DTPa-VPI-Hib-VHB) y con antineumocócica conjugada 13-valente. Se aconseja un refuerzo a los 6 años, preferentemente con DTPa, junto a una dosis de polio para aquellos que recibieron esquemas 2+1, así como vacunación con Tdpa en adolescentes y en cada embarazo, entre la 27 y 32 semanas. Se emplearán esquemas de dos dosis para triple vírica (12 meses y 2-4 años) y varicela (15 meses y 2-4 años). De haber disponibilidad, la segunda dosis se podría aplicar como vacuna tetravírica. Se deben incrementar las coberturas frente al papilomavirus en niñas de 12 años con dos dosis (0, 6 meses), así como informar y recomendar la vacunación de los varones, dados los beneficios potenciales de la misma. La nueva vacuna de 9 genotipos ya está disponible, ampliando la cobertura para ambos sexos. Respecto a vacunas no financiadas, se recomienda la antimeningocócica B, con esquema 3+1, solicitando su entrada en calendario. Se recomienda individualmente la vacuna antimeningocócica conjugada tetravalente (MenACWY) en adolescentes (14-18 años) que vayan a residir en países con vacunación sistemática frente a los serogrupos ACWY. También en mayores de 6 semanas de vida con factores de riesgo o viajeros a países de elevada incidencia. Es recomendable vacunar a todos los lactantes frente al rotavirus (AU)

The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics annually publishes the immunisation schedule considered optimal for children resident in Spain, according to available evidence on current vaccines. Regarding funded immunisations, 2+1 strategy (2, 4, 11-12 months) with hexavalent (DTPa-IPV-Hib-HB) and 13-valent pneumococcal vaccines are recommended. Administration of the 6-year booster dose with DTPa is recommended, and a poliomyelitis dose for children who had received the 2+1 scheme, as well as Tdap vaccine for adolescents and pregnant women in every pregnancy between 27 and 32 weeks' gestation. The two-dose scheme should be used for MMR (12 months and 2-4 years) and varicella (15 months and 2-4 years). MMRV vaccine could be applied as the second dose if available. Coverage of human papillomavirus vaccination in girls aged 12 with a two dose scheme (0, 6 months) should be improved. Information and recommendation for male adolescents about potential beneficial effects of this immunisation should be provided as well. The new 9 genotypes vaccine is now available, expanding the coverage for both gender. Regarding non-funded immunisations, Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics recommends meningococcal B vaccination, with a 3+1 schedule, and requests to be included in the National Immunisation Program. Tetravalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY) is recommended to adolescents (14-18 years) who are going to live in countries with systematic vaccination against ACWY serogroups, and people >6 weeks of age with risk factors or travellers to countries with very high incidence. Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended in all infants (AU)

[Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics: 2017 recommendations]. / Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (CAV-AEP): recomendaciones 2017.

The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics (CAV- AEP) annually publishes the immunisation schedule which, in our opinion, is considered optimal for children resident in Spain, taking into account the evidence available on current vaccines. Pneumococcal and varicella immunisation in early childhood is already included in all funded vaccines present in the regional immunisation programmes. Furthermore, this committee establishes recommendations on vaccines not included in official calendars (non-funded immunisations), such as rotavirus, meningococcal B, and meningococcal ACWY. As regards funded immunisations, 2+1 strategy (2, 4, 11-12 months) with hexavalent (DTaP-IPV-Hib-HB) and 13-valent pneumococcal vaccines is recommended. Administration of the 6-year booster dose with DTaP is recommended, as well as a poliomyelitis dose for children who had received the 2+1 scheme, with the Tdap vaccine for adolescents and pregnant women between 27 and 32 weeks gestation. The two-dose scheme should be used for MMR (12 months and 2-4 years) and varicella (15 months and 2-4 years). Coverage of human papillomavirus vaccination in girls aged 12 with a two-dose scheme (0, 6 months) should be improved. Information and recommendations for male adolescents about potential beneficial effects of the tetravalent HPV vaccine should also be provided. ACWY meningococcal vaccine is the optimal choice in adolescents. For recommended unfunded immunisations, the CAV-AEP recommends the administration of meningococcal B vaccine, due to the current availability in Spanish community pharmacies, with a 3+1 scheme. CAV-AEP requests the incorporation of this vaccine in the funded unified schedule. Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended in all infants.

Programa de la infancia y la adolescencia / Child and adolescent program

No disponible