[Off-label use in dermatological practice. The conflict between professional duty and legal requirements]. / Off-Label-Use in der Dermatologie. Im Dilemma zwischen ärztlicher Verpflichtung und rechtlichen Voraussetzungen.

When making therapeutic decisions, doctors often find themselves faced with a dilemma regarding ethical, professional, legal liability, social and service aspects of their duties. These conflicts may be enhanced when medications have to be prescribed for non-approved usages, known as off-label prescribing, because existing therapy options have been exhausted. This option become considerably more difficult since the German Federal Social Court decision of March 2002 which limited off-label use to a number of very strictly defined circumstances. In order to clarify the basis for taking decisions in a given situation, an oncology expert commission has been formed under the coordination of the Department of Health and Social Security. However, this is no solution for the great variety of uncommon dermatological diseases which often require off-label medication usage.

[Regional population development in Spain since 1950]. / Regionale Bevolkerungsentwicklung in Spanien seit 1950.

PIP: Population dynamics in Spain since 1950 are reviewed. Data are from a variety of official sources, including the 1980 census. The focus is on regional differences. Consideration is also given to internal migration, particularly to the major cities such as Barcelona, Madrid, and Valencia. The contrast in population densities between the sparsely populated interior (excluding Madrid) and the densely populated peripheries is noted.^ieng

[Population development in Greater Santiago between 1970 and 1982: an analysis of district census results]. / Bevolkerungsentwicklung in Gross-Santiago zwischen 1970 und 1982: eine Analyse von Zensusergebnissen auf Distriktbasis

"An attempt is made in the light of an analysis of population changes occurring in several sub-districts of Greater Santiago in the period between the last population censuses of 1970 and 1982, based on small-area census units (distritos and communas) to draw attention to the effects on the spatial growth of the city resulting from changed conditions in the political and juridical sphere since the change of power in 1973." The effect of changes in government policy concerning the liberalization of the property market and the illegal occupation of land are noted. (summary in ENG)

[A model of socio-spatial differentiation in the metropolitan areas of Latin America]. / Un modelo de la diferenciacion socio-espacial de las metropolis de America Latina

PIP: A model of a typical urban area in Latin America is presented, with emphasis on the process whereby affluent, middle-income, and poor areas develop. Consideration is given to the effects of in-migration and intra-urban migration.^ieng