Comparing optic nerve head parameters in two Spanish dog breeds using digital planimetry.

The optic discs of dogs exhibit considerable size, shape, and colour variations, depending on the degree of myelination. This variability makes the interpretation of lesions difficult, owing to the lack of reference patterns. This study aimed to compare optic nerve head (ONH) parameters determined by digital planimetry (DP) in two pure-bred dogs, Spanish Greyhound (SG) and Spanish Water Dog (SWD). The vertical and horizontal diameters, area, circularity, and the proportion of the ONH at the tapetal or non-tapetal zone (top height and bottom height) were calculated using image treatment software and compared between breeds. Significant between-breed differences were detected for all parameters, with SWD exhibiting greater height, width, area, top height, and lower circularity of the ONH than SG. Linear regression revealed that age significantly influenced mean disc height (R2 = 0.310; p = 0.0001), mean disc width (R2 = 0.280; p = 0.0001), mean disc area (R2 = 0.281; p = 0.0001), and circularity (R2 = 0.243; p = 0.0001). The multiple regression model significantly predicted mean disc height, width, and area [(S) (R2 = 0.715; p = 0.001), (R2 = 0.742; p = 0.001), and (S) (R2 = 0.736; p = 0.001), respectively], based on age and breed. Excellent concordance was observed between the measurements of experienced and novice researchers, and there were no differences between the parameters measured by the researcher and those obtained by the software. Planimetric ONH measurements can be easily performed by novice operators using a portable fundus camera and digital computer software. These results may be of considerable clinical value, but further studies are required because of the great variability of the ONH in dogs.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis arising from rectal or colonic adenocarcinoma treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC): two different diseases

Purpose: Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from colorectal cancer (CRC) has poor survival. Multi-modal treatment including systemic chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery (CRS), and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can be used in selected patients with curative intent. The majority published works consider PC of CRC origin as a homogenous disease. Aim of this study is to stress the different biological behaviors and survival of PC according to colonic or rectal origin. Methods: Data of CRS and HIPEC procedures for PC of CRC origin performed at MD Anderson Cancer Center-Madrid (Spain) have been collected, dividing patients into two groups according to colonic or rectal PC. Clinical, operatory, and postoperatory variables of the two groups have been analyzed to compare survival-related rates and PC origin. Results: In the years 2004-2015, 114 procedures of CRS followed by HIPEC for peritoneal metastasis of different origin have been performed; of these, 36 procedures were for colorectal PC (31 patients in colonic and 5 in rectal group). Two groups are homogenous after analysis of clinical, operatory, and follow-up data. Median survival (OS) is significantly higher in colonic compared to rectal group (47.83 vs. 22.0 months, p 0.008). 3- and 5-year survival rate is 74 and 50% in colonic group vs. 20 and 0% in rectal group. Conclusion: Rectal origin PC has a more aggressive behavior compared to colonic origin, reflecting in a worst prognosis of patients affected by rectal origin PC. According to our data and literature, indications of multi-modal treatment including CRS and HIPEC should be more restrictive for rectal cancer PC. Authors should differentiate colonic and rectal origin of PC when reporting cases in the literature

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Peritoneal carcinomatosis arising from rectal or colonic adenocarcinoma treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC): two different diseases.

PURPOSE: Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from colorectal cancer (CRC) has poor survival. Multi-modal treatment including systemic chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery (CRS), and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can be used in selected patients with curative intent. The majority published works consider PC of CRC origin as a homogenous disease. Aim of this study is to stress the different biological behaviors and survival of PC according to colonic or rectal origin. METHODS: Data of CRS and HIPEC procedures for PC of CRC origin performed at MD Anderson Cancer Center-Madrid (Spain) have been collected, dividing patients into two groups according to colonic or rectal PC. Clinical, operatory, and postoperatory variables of the two groups have been analyzed to compare survival-related rates and PC origin. RESULTS: In the years 2004-2015, 114 procedures of CRS followed by HIPEC for peritoneal metastasis of different origin have been performed; of these, 36 procedures were for colorectal PC (31 patients in colonic and 5 in rectal group). Two groups are homogenous after analysis of clinical, operatory, and follow-up data. Median survival (OS) is significantly higher in colonic compared to rectal group (47.83 vs. 22.0 months, p 0.008). 3- and 5-year survival rate is 74 and 50% in colonic group vs. 20 and 0% in rectal group. CONCLUSION: Rectal origin PC has a more aggressive behavior compared to colonic origin, reflecting in a worst prognosis of patients affected by rectal origin PC. According to our data and literature, indications of multi-modal treatment including CRS and HIPEC should be more restrictive for rectal cancer PC. Authors should differentiate colonic and rectal origin of PC when reporting cases in the literature.

Sintomatología depresiva en una población universitaria de Colombia: Prevalencia, factores relacionados y validación de dos instrumentos para tamizaje / Depressive symptoms in a university population in Colombia: prevalence, related factors, and validation of two scores for screening

Resumen Introducción: La depresión en adolescentes es un problema silente de salud mundial, la cual, en ausencia de tratamiento, tiene efectos deletéreos en la salud física, bienestar psicosocial y rendimiento académico. Se requiere la validación de un instrumento que pueda emplearse como tamizaje en población adolescente, que permita conocer la prevalencia síntomas depresivos en una población universitaria. Objetivo: Calcular la prevalencia, de síntomas depresivos, factores asociados y validar dos instrumentos que puedan emplearse como método de tamizaje en poblaciones universitarias. Método: Estudio de corte transversal en adolescentes mayores de 18 años matriculados durante el primer semestre de 2016 en la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. La información recopilada incluye variables sociodemográficas y los resultados de la escala del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos para Depresión (CES-D) y el test de depresión de ZUNG. Resultados: Se obtuvo una muestra de 350 adolescentes, de los cuales se identificaron síntomas depresivos en la última semana de 8,85% y 36,28% para la escala de ZUNG y el CES-D respectivamente. La presencia de sintomatología depresiva se vio asociada con inactividad física (odds ratio [OR] = 2,1; intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC 95%], 1,1-5,8), consumo de alcohol (OR = 3,1; IC 95%, 1,8-5,3) y de sustancias psicoactivas (OR = 3,6; IC 95%, 1,9-6,6). Conclusiones: Se realiza por primera vez en el Eje Cafetero Colombiano una validación de la escala de ZUNG y CES-D, las cuales pueden ser utilizadas en población universitaria para tamizaje de sintomatología depresiva, siendo ambas equiefectivas con alpha de Cronbach de 0,84 y 0,87 respectivamente.

Background: Adolescent depression is a silent global health problem, untreated depression has detrimental effects on physical health, psychosocial well-being, and academicproductivity. Validation of an instrument that can be used as screening in adolescents and which would allow determination of its prevalence is required. Objectives: Estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms, associated factors and validate two instruments that can be used as a screening tool in university students. Methodology: Cross-sectional study in adolescents 18 years and older enrolled in first half of 2016 at the Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Information collected included sociodemographic variables and the results of scale epidemiological studies center for depression (CES-D) and the Zung depression test. Results: A sample of350 adolescents, of whom depressive symptoms were identified in the last week of 8.85% and 36.28% for the Zung scale and CES-D was obtained respectively. The presence of depressive symptoms was associated with physical inactivity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; confidence interval 95% [95% CI], 1.1 to 5.8), alcohol consumption (OR = 3,1; 95% CI, 1.8 to 5.3) andpsychoactivesubstances (OR = 3.6,95% CI 1.9 to 6.6). Conclusions: For the first time in Coffe region area is realized the validation of the Zung and CES-D depression test, which can be used in university population screening for depressive symptoms, both of them are equieffective with Cronbach's alpha of 0.84 and 0.87 respectively.

Reducción abierta por vía interna: una opción para la luxación congénita de cadera / Open reduction by means of a medial approach: an alternative for congenital hip dislocation

Introducción: la reducción abierta por vía interna (aductores) se emplea, en pacientes noambulantes con diagnóstico de luxación de cadera, menores de 13 meses, manejados conreducción cerrada temprana en caderas inestables, no concéntricas.Material y método: el presente trabajo es una serie de casos, retrospectivo, donde sepresenta la experiencia de los autores y se describen los resultados de 548 caderas (367pacientes) durante un periodo de 12 años (1995–2007).Resultados: se presentaron complicaciones en 62 caderas, las más frecuentes son: epifi -sitis (2,9%), necrosis parcial o total de la cabeza femoral (6,3%) y reluxación (2%).Conclusiones: se describe una modifi cación del abordaje a la técnica quirúrgica descritaoriginalmente por Ludloff evitando separar el aductor brevis, en vez de ello, se desinsertay rechaza distalmente el músculo pectíneo, as›´ se logra visualizar los vasos circunfl ejos,se evita su lesión y disminuye la tensión generada entre el pectíneo y el psoas conlas maniobras de abducción(AU)

Introduction: Open reduction by means of a medial approach (adductors) is used in nonambulatingpatients under 13 months, diagnosed with hip dislocation and managed withearly closed reduction in unstable non concentric hips.Material and method: The present retrospective study includes a series of cases thatillustrate the authors’ experience. The results of 548 hips (367 patients) operated over aperiod of 12 years (1995-2007) are reported.Results: Complications occurred in 62 hips. The most frequent were epiphysitis (2.9%),partial or total necrosis of the femoral head (6.3%) and redislocation (2%).Conclusions: We describe a modifi cation to the surgical technique originally reported byLudloff, whereby the adductor brevis is not split; instead, the latter is detached and thepectineus muscle is pushed distally. In this way, the surgeon has a good view of thecircumfl ex vessels, which protects them from injury. Also, the tension generated betweenthe pectineus and the psoas by the abduction maneuvers is relaxed(AU)

Crystallization of the Bacillus subtilis SPP1 bacteriophage helicase loader protein G39P.

The essential helicase loader protein G39P encoded by Bacillus subtilis SPP1 phage has been overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified. The wild-type protein has been crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method in a primitive hexagonal space group, probably P6(1)22/P6(5)22, but the crystals diffract to only 3.4 A and are poorly reproducible. Mass-spectrometric analysis has revealed marked proteolytic cleavage from the C-terminus and the presence of a major species corresponding to deletion of the 14 C-terminal residues. Thus, a new variant of the protein (G39P112) has been engineered that corresponds to a 14-residue C-terminal truncation. The G39P112 variant has also been crystallized but now in a primitive orthorhombic form, probably P2(1)2(1)2 or P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 85.6, b = 89.7, c = 47.6 A, with diffraction to 2.4 A on a synchrotron source and with greatly improved reproducibility. Calculation of V(M) values for this G39P112 variant suggests the presence of three monomers in the asymmetric unit, corresponding to a solvent content of about 47%. A selenomethionine-incorporated form of the protein has been produced and a full three-wavelength MAD data collection undertaken.

Comparison between two static autoregulation evaluation methods.

Cerebral static autoregulation (AR) was evaluated at bedside in 14 severely head injured patients. 16 investigations were performed. Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was increased by infusing vasopressors during one hour, and registered every 2-5 minutes. CBF was simultaneously estimated by: 1) middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity (FV) monitoring with Transcranial Doppler (TDC), and 2) the reciprocal of arteriovenous oxygen content difference, calculated from basal and hypertensive arterial and jugular bulb blood samples. AR assessment: For TCD results, linear regression method was used, studying two pairs of variables: a) %FV-CPP (the regression slope was the main AR value adopted) and b) % cerebrovascular resistance (CVR)-%CPP. For the AVDO2 method, autoregulation was considered preserved if estimated % delta CBF/delta PPE < 1%/mm Hg. TCD method clearly defined three groups. Group 1 and 2 (8 and 5 investigations) were considered as two grades of preserved AR, and the third one (3 cases) as impaired AR. AVDO2 method: 12 studies were evaluated. 10 showed preserved AR, and 2 impaired AR. There was coincidence of results from both methods in 10 out of 12 studies. (0.83).

[Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in an immunocompetent patient: clinical, neuropathological and ultrastructural analysis]. / Encefalitis a citomegalovirus en un paciente inmunocompetente: análisis clinico, neuropatologico y ultraestructural.

Cytomegalovirus encephalitis is rarely diagnosed in immunocompetent patients. It is more frequent among immunocompromised hosts. We present a case of a young male patient without evidence of immunosupression who had a cytomegalovirus encephalitis. The diagnosis was made by detection of viral DNA in cerebral tissue obtained by biopsy. Neuropathologic and ultrastructural changes are described and compared with the descriptions in immunocompromised patients.

[Descriptive study of bladder tumors in the district of Levante-Alto Almanzora]. / Estudio descriptivo de los tumores vesicales en la comarca del Levante-Alto Almanzora.

We present our series of operater bladder cancers in this District and the annual incidence in the period 1996 at 1998, as web as they are distributed by sex, age and smoking in the population; neoplasic stage and relapse were also studied. 61 patients were treated and un found global half incidence of 19.8 for 10(5) inhabitant-year (h-a), while for sexes it was of 4.22 for 10(5) h-y for women and of 15.58 for 10(5) h-y males. 78.69% was male with a masculinity rate of 3.69. The most frequent age group was starting from the seventh decade with 50.81% of our series. There was 36% of intervened patients that they were smoking, while 29.5% had relationship with other factors of risk like hydrocarbons and pesticidas. The superficial tumors were the most frequent with 86.88% of the cases, on the other hand the undifferentiated neoplastics was not very frequent with 13.21%, increasing these neoplastics with the age. In the follow up there were relapses in 36% of the people, being bigger in the T1 of our series. The occupational factors in this district can explain the high frequency in the female sex, although analytic studies are needed to check it.

Estudio descriptivo de los tumores vesicales en la Comarca del Levante-Alto Almanzora / Descriptive study ob bladder cancer in District the Levant-High Alamanzora

Se presentan los tumores vesicales intervenidos en esta Comarca y la incidencia anual en el periodo 1996 a 1998, así como se distribuyen por sexo, edad y hábito tabáquico en la población; también se estudiaron el estadio tumoral y la recidiva. Se han tratado 61 pacientes con una incidencia media global de 19,8 por 10 5 habitantes-año (h-a), mientras que por sexos fue de 4,22 por 10 5 h-a para mujeres y de 15,58 por 10 5 h-a para varones. El 78,69 por ciento fue-ron varones, con una razón de masculinidad de 3,69. El grupo de edad más frecuente fue a partir de la séptima década con un 50,81 por ciento de nuestra serie. Hubo un 36 por ciento de pacientes intervenidos que eran fumadores, mientras que un 29,5 por ciento habían estado expuestos a otros factores de riesgo como hidrocarburos y pesticidas. Los tumores superficiales fueron los más frecuentes con el 86,88 por ciento de los casos, por el contrario aquellos con histología indiferenciada fueron poco frecuentes con el 13,21 por ciento, aumentando estas neoplasias con la edad. En el seguimiento hubo recidivas en el 36 por ciento de los sujetos, siendo mayor en los T1 de nuestra serie. Los factores ocupacionales en esta zona pueden explicar la elevada frecuencia en el sexo femenino, aunque se necesitan estudios analíticos para comprobarlo (AU)

[Sertoli cell tumor of the testis]. / Tumor testicular de células de Sertoli.

Sertoli cell tumors (TCS) derivated from sex-cord estroma cells, are an uncommon variety of testicles neoplasms. A 66 year-old patient that came to the consultation for an increased scrotum of size present. Ultrasound viewed a hipoecoic nodule capable with testicular tumor, more secondary hidrocele. After undergoing the standard treatment, by means of groin radical orchiectomy, its pathologic analysis identified the lesion as Sertoli cell tumor conventional. The pathologic features that best correlate with a clinically benign course are as follows: a lower size tumor to 5 cm, mild nuclear atypia, a mitotic rate of less than 5 mitosis per 10 high power fields, and absent necrosis. Our case presented with these features. Follow-up of these neoplasms should be prolonged by the unusual of its presentation and a small percentage of cases are clinically malignant.

Tumor testicular de células de Sertoli / Sertoli's cell testicle tumour

Los tumores de células de Sertoli (TCS) derivados de los cordones sexuales del estroma gonadal, son una variedad infrecuente de las neoplasias testiculares. Presentamos un paciente de 66 años que vino a la consulta por un escroto aumentado de tamaño. En la exploración ecográfica presentó un nódulo hipoecoico compatible con tumor testicular, más hidrocele secundario. Después de someterse al tratamiento estándar, mediante orquiectomía radical inguinal, el informe histopatológico fue de TCS clásico. Existen criterios histopatológicos que informan de la benignidad de estas lesiones, como son: un tamaño tumoral inferior a 5 cm, atipia nuclear leve, índice mitótico inferior a 5 por 10 campos de gran aumento y no existir necrosis. Nuestro paciente se presentó con estas características. El seguimiento de estas neoplasias debe ser prolongado por lo inusual de su presentación y porque existe el riesgo de malignización en un porcentaje pequeño de enfermos (AU)

Increase in the activity of third-generation cephalosporins in combination with clavulanic acid and Sulbactam against Bacteroides fragilis.

We studied the sensitivity of 160 strains of Bacteroides fragilis (74 beta-lactamase-positive and 86 beta-lactamase-negative) to four third-generation cephalosporins, alone as well as in combination with clavulanic acid and Sulbactam. For susceptibility testing we used a dilution method in agar. Detection of beta-lactamase production by this micro-organism was performed using chromogenic cephalosporin (Nitrocefin). There was a substantial improvement in cephalosporin activity with both positive and negative strains when they were combined with the inhibitors, although this was more significant in beta-lactamase-producing organisms. Generally, the results achieved in combination with clavulanic acid were better than those with Sulbactam, the highest increase in activity being obtained with Ceftizoxime in combination with any one of the inhibitors.