[Characteristics of cytokine and hormone status in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 during alimentary exposure].

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a main noninfectious disease, making significant influence on patients quality of life and life time. The medico-social role of diabetes is defined by wide prevalence of a disease in population and high risk of development of incapacitating complications. Therefore, considerable efforts of modern medicine focused on the study of etio-pathogenetic mechanism and the possibility of dietetic correction in this disease. In this review discusses efficacy of dietary therapy in type 2 diabetes, the role of insulin-like growth 1 (IGF-1)/insulin of pathogenesis microvascular complications. The role of inflammation in the development of microvascular complications, in the first place cytokines, act on the insulin signal pathway and affect the intracellular inflammatory kinase cascade was shown. Also, it is shown that adipose tissue inflammation modulates B-cell function and promotes progressive reduction of insulin secretion. When blood glucose levels are elevated, Glucagon-like peptide--1 stimulates insulin secretion, decrease glucagon secretion, improve B-cell function, and slows gastric emptying. It determines the necessity of fulfillment of further researches of cellular and humoral immunity in diabetes mellitus and the development of personal methods in prevention and treatment of this disease.

[Effect of dietotherapy with food-stuffs for enteral nutrition on the dynamic of clinical and biochemic parameters in biliary tract diseases].

It was investigated the influence of dietary therapy with enteral formula "Nutricomp AND Braum fiber" on clinical and biochemic parameters in biliary tract diseases. Also it was carried out the comparative estimation of the gallbladder motility in this contingent of patients in process of the standard food loading and the loading with the tested enteral formula (25 g carbohydrates). It was indicated that the including of enteral formula "Nutricomp AND Braum fiber" (209 g/day) in traditional hypocaloric diet promotes the decrease of cholesterol level and activity of alkaline phosphatase. The gallbladder motility was some smaller after the consuming of enteral formula "Nutricomp AND Braum Diabetes" compared with the standard food loading (25 g carbohydrates).

[Methodology of use of an enteral nutrition formulas in diet therapy of patients with type 2 diabetes].

In this review the nutrient structure of standard and specialized enteral formulas for patients with diabetes mellitus is given and the data about medical efficacy specialized enteral formulas in correction of clinical and metabolic disorders in this contingent of patients are discussed.

[Effect of dietotherapy with enteral formulas on the dynamic of clinical and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic patients].

It was investigated the efficacy of dietary therapy with enteral formulas "Nutricomp AND Braum Diabetes" and "Nutrien Diabetes" in correction clinical and metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetic patients. It was indicated that the including of enteral formula "Nutricomp AND Braum Diabetes" (192 g/diens) in traditional hypocaloric diet has beneficial effects on glycaemic control. Consumed enteral formula "Nutricomp AND Braum Diabetes" (25 g carbohydrates) has also been shown to a modest impact on postprandial blood glucose response compared with the loading wheat bread (25 carbohydrates). In the including of enteral formula "Nutrien Diabetes" in diet increase of efficacy of dietary therapy did not take notice.

[Effect of food diet supplements with chromium on the clinical and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic patients]. / Vliianie biologicheski aktivnoi dobavki k pishche, soderzhashchei lhrom, na kliniko-metabolicheslie pokazateli u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa.

It was investigated the influence of food diet supplements with chromium on dynamic of glycaemia, lipid profile, blood pressure and weight in type 2 diabetic patients. Traditional hypocaloric diet was supplemented with chromium-spirulina (50 mcg chromium per day). The results investigations indicated that a chromium-enriched diet has beneficial effects on basal and postprandial glycaemia, the content of cholesterol and triglycerides in serum in compared with a traditional hypocaloric diet.

[Effect of diet therapy on status of hemocoagulation and fibrinolysis in type 2 diabetes patients]. / Vliianie dietoterapii na sostoianie gemokoaguliatsii i fibrinoliz u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa.

The changes in parameters of blood coagulation and the fibrinolytic system in 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was studied. We conclude what the non insulin depended diabetes mellitus is associated with disturbances in hemostatic and fibrinolytic systems that could contribute to the development of diabetic vascular disease. Besides favorable influence to a clinical picture of disease universal normalizing influence of traditional diet therapy on parameters of coagulation and the fibrinolytic system. Our results show that diet therapy improve metabolic control in type 2 diabetic patients could reflect a reduces thrombotic potential and decreased cardiovascular risk.

[Effect of a monounsaturated fatty acids-enriched diet on the clinical and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic patients]. / Vlianie diety, obogashchennoi mononenasyshchennymi zhirnymi kislotami, na kliniko-metabolicheskie pokazateli u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa.

It was investigated the influence of a diet supplemented with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) on dynamic of glycaemia, lipid profile, blood pressure and composition of fatty acids of erythrocytes in type 2 diabetic patients. Traditional 9 diet was supplemented with olive oil (30 grams per day). The results investigations indicated that a MUFA-enriched diet has beneficial effects on glycaemia, lipid metabolism and blood pressure. It was noted the tendency to increase of content of MUFA in membrane of erythrocytes under the influence of a MUFA-enriched diet.

[Effect of selenium enriched diet on lipid peroxidation in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2]. / Vliianie diety, obogashchennoi selenom, na aktivnost' perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa.

It was investigated the influence of a diet supplemented with selenium on the clinicometabolic parameters and the activity of lipid peroxidation in 43 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was indicated that under the influence of dietotherapy besides the decrease of glucose levels in capillary and venous blood, improvement of parameters of lipid metabolism, a reduction of malondialdehyde level and tendency to increase of glutathione peroxidase activity were observed. The results of investigations testify about sufficiently expressed efficacy of a diet supplemented with selenium in correction of oxidative stress and clinicometabolic parameters in this contingent of patients.

[Influence of caloric restriction diet on clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. / Vliianie gipokaloriinoi diety na kliniko-biokhimicheskie pokazateli u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa.

It was investigated the efficacy of a diet with caloric restriction (1350 kcal/day) in correction of clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with overweight and obesity. In study showed that the 3 week use of hypocaloric diet allows reduce significantly body overweight, hyperglycemia and hyperholesterolemia in this patients without side effects. Vitamin and mineral supplements in long use of hypocaloric diet are recommended.

[Use of a new sugar substitute, erithritol, in the diet therapy of type 2 diabetes patients]. / Ob ispol'zovanii novogo sakharozamenitelia éritrita v dietoterapii bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa.

It was investigated the influence of a diet supplemented with erithritol on dynamic of basal and postprandial glycemia, lipid levels, blood pressure, body weight in 30 patients with type 2 diabetes. The results indicated that supplementation of erithritol (30 g/day) in traditional hypocaloric diet did not decrease the efficacy of dietary therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. After ingestion 30 g erithritol dissolved in 300 ml of water, blood glucose did not show a marked increase in compared with 30 g isomalt (control).

[Comparative study of postprandial glycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients after consumption of mono- and disaccharides and sweeteners]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka poslepishchevoi glikemii u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom tipa 2 pri potreblenii mono- i disakharidov i sakharozamenitelei.

It was investigated the influence of mono- and disaccharides, sugar alcohols, honey, corn patoka and products with nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners on dynamic of postprandial glycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients. After ingestion of 30 g fructose, blood glucose did not show a marked increase in comparison with sucrose or honey. After ingestion of 30 g sorbitol or isomalt, blood glucose curve was not significantly different. It was indicated that corn patoka in chewing candies with isomalt has a high hyperglycaemic effect whereas drink with nonnutritive sweeteners did not change blood glucose from fasting levels.

[The use of the combined food products with soy protein in diet therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2]. / Ispol'zovanie kombinirovannykh produktov s vkliucheniem soevogo belka v dietoterapii bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa.

It was investigated the influence of a diet containing 60, 30 or 45 g/day soy protein on clinic-metabolic parameters and nitrogen balance status in type 2 diabetic patients. As source of soy protein was used combined products containing soy protein (Aarhus Olie, Denmark)--oatmeal and buckwheat porridges, biscuits, soy beverage and concentrate of soy protein (Danpro-S). The results of investigations indicated that increase in diet the quality of soy protein up 60 g accompanied reduce of basal levels of glycemia and triglyceridemia. In including in diet 30 g soy protein was noted reduce the content of total cholesterol in blood serum and stabilization of the hypoglycemic effect of diet. Balance study indicated that the protein providing in all levels of substitution of the traditional source of protein in products containing soy protein was adequate.

[Comparative study of effects of diet therapy including eiconol or linseed oil on several parameters of lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka vliianiia dietoterapii s vkliucheniem éikonola ili l'nianogo masla na nekotorye pokazateli lipidnogo obmena u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa.

It was investigated the influence of a diet supplemented with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) omega-3 on dynamic of basal glycaemia, lipid profile and composition of fatty acids of erythrocytes in type 2 diabetic patients. Traditional 9 diet was supplemented with fish ("Eiconol", 8 grams per day) or vegetable (linseed oil, 17.5 grams per day) PUFA omega-3. The results investigations indicated that a omega-3 PUFA-enriched diet has a beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. But dietary administration of PUFA omega-3 may be used differently for correction of dislipoproteinemia in diabetic patients.

[Effects of a diet including linseed oil on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. / Vliianie diety s vkliucheniem l'nianogo masla na kliniko-metabolicheskie pokazateli u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa.

It was investigated the influence of a diet supplemented with PUFA omega-3 (linseed oil) on dynamic of basal and postprandial glycemia, blood pressure, lipid levels, parameters of lipid peroxidation in 60 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Linseed oil was used as a dietary supplement of PUFA omega-3. The results indicated that a diet supplemented with linseed oil (17.5 g/day) did not increase the effect of dietary therapy in correction of glycemia, hypertension and atherogenic lipid levels. It was not the activation of lipid peroxidation.

[Effects of diet therapy including eiconol on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. / Vliianie dietoterapii s vkliucheniem "Eikonola" na kliniko-metabolicheskie pokazateli u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa.

It was investigated the influence of a diet supplemented with PUFA omega-3 ("Eiconol") on dynamic of basal and postprandial glycemia, blood pressure, lipid levels, parameters of lipid peroxidation in 60 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Fish oil ("Eiconol") was used as a dietary supplement of PUFA omega-3. The results of investigations indicated that a diet supplemented with "Eiconol" (8 g/day) increased the effect of dietary therapy in correction of essential hypertension and atherogenic lipids. It was not the worsening of the glycemia and activation of lipid peroxidation.

[Vitamin supply in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / K probleme vitaminnoi obespechennosti bol'nykh insulinnezavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

Concentrations of vitamins C, A, E, B2, B6 and carotinoids were measured in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Most of the examinees had deficiency of both group B vitamins and carotinoids, some of the patients were vitamin C deficient. Vitamin-enriched drink Zolotoi shar (Golden Ball) and beta-carotene in oil were included in regular diet of NIDDM and taken for 4 weeks. As a result, supply of the vitamins C and beta-carotene has improved significantly. There was a positive trend in the levels of vitamin B6, while vitamins A and E reached optimal values.

[Effect of fructose-containing beverages on glycemic parameters in patients with type II diabetes mellitus]. / Vliianie fruktozosoderzhashchikh napitkov na pokazateli glikemii u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom II tipa.

The dynamics of glycemia after meal in 21 patients with type II diabetes under the influence of drinks with fructose or sugar and enriched with soluble fibres was investigated. To estimate glycemia after meal in first stage of investigation the test-meals with 50 g carbohydrates (cocktails of juices "Multivitamin" with fructose and sugar, or bread) were used. In second stage, carbohydrates "Peach nectar with fructose" and cocktail of juices "Multivitamin with fructose" were used. The level of glucose in capillary blood was defined after 14-h fasting and 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after every test-meal. "Peach nectar with fructose" enriched with fructose and soluble food fibres (pectin) caused glycemic response in a less degree.

[Dynamics of postprandial glycemia in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus as affected by extruded and micronized products from cereal and big crops]. / Dinamika poslepishchevoi glikemii u bol'nykh insulinnezavisimym sakharnym diabetom pod vliianiem ékstrudirovannykh i mikronizirovannykh produktov iz zernovykh i krupianykh kul'tur.

The dynamic of postprandial glycemia in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes under influence of extruded and micronized food-stuffs prepared from cereals was investigated. It was shown extruded and micronized food-stuffs render various influence on post-eat glycemia dynamics and significantly differed in glycemic index value.

[Change in postprandial glycemia as affected by various carbohydrate-containing products in patients with type II diabetes mellitus]. / Izmenenie poslepishchevoi glikemii pod vliianiem nekotorykh uglevodsoderzhashchikh produktov u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom II tipa.

The postprandial glycaemic effect and glycaemic indexes of some dishes from cereals and grains were studied in patients with type II diabetes. The studied food had different glycaemic indexes. The need of testing traditional Russian food and dishes for patients with II type diabetes is discussed.